Impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources in the Ebinur Lake Basin, Northwest China

Changing climatic conditions and extensive human activities have influenced the global water cycle.In recent years,significant changes in climate and land use have degraded the watershed ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang,Northwest China.In this paper,variations of runoff,temperature,precipitation,reference evapotranspiration,lake area,socio-economic water usage,groundwater level and water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1961 to 2015 were systematically analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test methods(M-K)mutation test,the cumulative levelling method,the climate-sensitive method and land-use change index.In addition,we evaluated the effects of human activities on land use change and water quality.The results reveal that there was a significant increase in temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2015,despite a decrease in reference evapotranspiration.The Wenquan station was not significantly affected by human activities as it is situated at a higher altitude.Runoff at this station increased significantly with climate warming.In contrast,runoff at the Jinghe station was severely affected by numerous human activities.Runoff decreased without obvious fluctuations.The contributions of climate change to runoff variation at the Jinghe and Wenquan stations were 46.87%and 58.94%,respectively;and the contributions of human activities were 53.13%and 41.06%,respectively.Land-use patterns in the basin have changed significantly between 1990 and 2015:urban and rural constructed lands,saline-alkali land,bare land,cultivated land,and forest land have expanded,while areas under grassland,lake,ice/snow and river/channel have declined.Human activities have dramatically intensified land degradation and desertification.From 1961 to 2015,both the inflow into the Ebinur Lake and the area of the lake have declined year by year;groundwater levels have dropped significantly,and the water quality has deteriorated during the study period.In the oasis irrigation area below the runoff pass,human activities mainly influenced the utilization mode and quantity of water resources.Changes in the hydrology and quantity of water resources were driven primarily by the continuous expansion of cultivated land and oasis,as well as the growth of population and the construction of hydraulic engineering projects.After 2015,the effects of some ecological protection projects were observed.However,there was no obvious sign of ecological improvement in the basin,and some environmental problems continue to persist.On this basis,this study recommends that the expansion of oasis should be limited according to the carrying capacity of the local water bodies.Moreover,in order to ensure the ecological security of the basin,it is necessary to determine the optimal oasis area for sustainable development and improve the efficiency of water resources exploitation and utilization.

Seasonal changes in the number of Relict Gull (Larus relictus) at Ebinur Lake, Western China

The Relict Gull(Larus relictus) is recognized as a vulnerable species,with a worldwide population of about 6,000 individuals.Always inhabiting the extreme arid regions of Central Asia,their migratory routes and winter grounds are unclear.This research focused on distribution sites,habitat,behavior,population size and seasonal changes of Relict Gull.Line transects and point counts in every month were used to investigate the gulls around the Ebinur Lake.The result showed Relict Gull was summer visitor to Xinjiang,Western China.Population curve with a single peak was obtained.This gull appeared in early April and was 63 individuals(1% of the global population).The number remained stable from May to July in 2009.The discovery of fledglings indi-cates that Relict Gull may breed here.They left Ebinur Lake in August.Relict Gull in Ebinur Lake should belong to the Central Asian subpopulation,which was the most westerly record in China.

Occurrence,sources,and relationships of soil microplastics with adsorbed heavy metals in the Ebinur Lake Basin,Northwest China

There is a lack of research on soil microplastics in arid oases considering the rapid economic development of northwestern China.Here,we studied the occurrence and sources of microplastics in soil,as well as the relationships between microplastics and adsorbed heavy metals in the Ebinur Lake Basin,a typical arid oasis in China.Results showed that(1)the average microplastic content in all soil samples was 36.15(±3.27)mg/kg.The contents of microplastics at different sampling sites ranged from 3.89(±1.64)to 89.25(±2.98)mg/kg.Overall,the proportions of various microplastic shapes decreased in the following order:film(54.25%)>fiber(18.56%)>particle(15.07%)>fragment(8.66%)>foam(3.46%);(2)among all microplastic particles,white particles accounted for the largest proportion(52.93%),followed by green(24.15%),black(12.17%),transparent(7.16%),and yellow particles(3.59%).The proportions of microplastic particle size ranges across all soil samples decreased in the following order:1000-2000μm(40.88%)>500-1000μm(26.75%)>2000-5000μm(12.30%)>100-500μm(12.92%)>0-100μm(7.15%).FTIR(Fourier transform infrared)analyses showed that polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polypropylene(PP),polycarbonate(PC),polyethylene(PE),and polystyrene(PS)occurred in the studied soil;(3)random forest predictions showed that industrial and agricultural production activities and the discharge of domestic plastic waste were related to soil microplastic pollution,in which agricultural plastic film was the most important factor in soil pollution in the study area;and(4)seven heavy metals extracted from microplastics in the soil samples showed significant positive correlations with soil pH,EC,total salt,N,P,and K contents(P<0.01),indicating that these soil factors could significantly affect the contents of heavy metals carried by soil microplastics.This research demonstrated that the contents of soil microplastics are lower than other areas of the world,and they mainly come from industrial and agricultural activities of the Ebinur Lake Basin.

Soil respiration in typical plant communities in the wetland surrounding the high-salinity Ebinur Lake

Soil respiration in wetlands surrounding lakes is a vital component of the soil carbon cycle in arid regions. However, information remains limited on the soil respiration around highly saline lakes during the plant growing season. Here, we aimed to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variation in soil respiration to elucidate the controlling factors in the wetland of Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, western China. We used a soil carbon flux automatic analyzer （LI-840A） to measure soil respiration rates during the growing season （April to November） in two fields covered by reeds and tamarisk and one field with no vegetation （bare soil） from 2015 to 2016. The results showed a single peak in the diurnal pattern of soil respiration from 11：00 to 17：00 for plots covered in reeds, tamarisk, and bare soil, with minimum values being detected from 03：00 to 07：00. During the growing season, the soil respiration of reeds and tamarisk peaked during the thriving period （4.16 and 3.75 μmol.m-2.s-1, respectively）, while that of bare soil peaked during the intermediate growth period （0.74 pmol-m-2-s-1）. The soil respiration in all three plots was lowest during the wintering period （0.08, 0.09, and -0.87 μmol.m-2.s-1, respectively）. Air temperature and relative humidity significantly influenced soil respiration. A significant linear relationship was detected between soil respiration and soil temperature for reeds, tamarisk, and bare soil. The average Q10 of reeds and tamarisk were larger than that of bare soil. However, soil moisture content was not the main factor controlling soil respiration. Soil respiration was negatively correlated with soil pH and soil salinity in all three plot types. In contrast, soil respiration was positively correlated with organic carbon. Overall,CO2 emissions and greenhouse gases had a relatively weak effect on the wetlands surrounding the highly saline Ebinur Lake.

Water sources for typical desert vegetation in the Ebinur Lake basin

In arid and semi-arid environments,desert vegetation plays an important role in preventing soil erosion by wind and helps maintain the stability of desert and oasis ecosystems.Four types of typical desert vegetation,namely Populus euphratica,Haloxylon ammodendron,Nitraria sibirica,and Halostachs caspica,corresponding to different habitats(i.e.,river bank,sand dune,desert,and salt marsh)were chosen as the model vegetation in this research.Theδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O for rainwater,soil water,and plant water were applied to identify the water sources and quantify the proportions of different water sources used over the entire plant growth period(from March to October).The results showed that the precipitationδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O in the Ebinur Lake basin varied from-142.5‰to-0.6‰and from-20.16‰to 1.20‰,respectively.The largestδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O values occurred in summer and the smallest in winter.The soil waterδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O of the four habitats decreased gradually with increasing depth.Theδ^(2)H andδ^(18)O values of water extracted from the stems of the four plants had similar variation trends,that is,the maximum was observed in spring and the minimum in summer.Among the four plants,H.caspica had the highest stable isotopic values in the stem water,followed by N.sibirica,H.ammodendron,and P.euphratica.The water sources and utilization ratios of desert vegetation varied across different growth stages.Throughout the growing period,H.ammodendron mainly used groundwater,whereas the water source proportions used by N.sibirica varied greatly throughout the growing season.In spring,plants mainly relied on surface soil water,with a contribution rate of 80%-94%.However,in summer,the proportion of deep soil water used was 31%-36%;and in autumn,the proportion of middle soil water used was 33%-36%.H.caspica mainly relied on topsoil water in spring and autumn,and the proportion of soil water in the middle layer slightly increased to 20%-36%in summer.P.euphratica mainly used intermediate soil water in spring with a utilization rate of 53%-54%.In summer,groundwater was the main source,with a utilization rate of 72%-88%,and only 2%-5%came from river water,whereas in autumn,the river water utilization rate rose to 11%-21%.The results indicated that there were significant differences in water use sources during the growing period for desert vegetation in arid areas.This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding water use mechanisms,water adaptation strategies,and vegetation restoration and management in arid areas.

Estimation of the rational water area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

埃比纳·莱克区域被描述为“一个格林迷宫”在“ Xinjiang MapRecords：河的记录“然而，在 1910 出版了在这个区域的生态学和环境严重由于人的活动的影响被堕落了在期间最近 40 年。渴起来，有 107.4 km^2 的一个区域的湖盆在它的西北的部分形成，是没有植被，盖住 byunconsolidated 淤泥沉积物，并且在北方 Xinjiang 成为了灰尘天气的主要灰尘来源之一，并且有 4.8x10 ~ 6t 的年度数量的灰尘被大风从有 164 天的 Alataw 山脉差距从这个区域吹一年里的发生的大风。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的埃比纳·莱克的合理的水区域和流入在在弄干起来的湖盆分析在沉积物的小粒的作文之间的当前的生态的问题和关系以后用水平衡方程被估计并且灰尘天气，和最近的年里的生态的效果被监视。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的 theEbinur 湖的水区域应该至少是 800 km^2，这被考虑，并且湖应该在 7.92x10 ~ 上的再装的表面流量和地下水的年度体积 8 m^3。

THE HOLOCENE SEDIMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC AND PALEOCLIMATIC EVOLUTION OF EBINUR LAKE，XINJIANG

On the basis of lacustrine sedimentary profile of Ebinur Lake,sequences of evolution of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in Ebinur Lake area have been rebuilt by analysing the sedimentary stratigraphy,bio-stratigraphy and gepochemistry as well as the chronological records.The results show that,during the last 10 ha years,the general change trends of the paleoclimate in Ebinur Lake area can be divided into three stages: (1) 10. 2-8.3 ka B. P., a warm-cool dry climate stage;(2) 8.3-3.5 ka B.P.,a warmer moist climate stage (specially,7.3-6. 4 ka B. P.,a relatively stable humid temperate stage);(3) 3. 5 ka B. P.-present, adraught temperate climate stage,similar to the present climate. In addition,there existed clearly several times of secondary undulations of dry-humid climate,i.e. 8.3 ka and 7.3 ka for dry climate

Improving the accuracy of precipitation estimates in a typical inland arid area of China using a dynamic Bayesian model averaging approach

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a typical inland arid area in China with a sparse and uneven distribution of meteorological stations,limited access to precipitation data,and significant water scarcity.Evaluating and integrating precipitation datasets from different sources to accurately characterize precipitation patterns has become a challenge to provide more accurate and alternative precipitation information for the region,which can even improve the performance of hydrological modelling.This study evaluated the applicability of widely used five satellite-based precipitation products(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station(CHIRPS),China Meteorological Forcing Dataset(CMFD),Climate Prediction Center morphing method(CMORPH),Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record(PERSIANN-CDR),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA))and a reanalysis precipitation dataset(ECMWF Reanalysis v5-Land Dataset(ERA5-Land))in Xinjiang using ground-based observational precipitation data from a limited number of meteorological stations.Based on this assessment,we proposed a framework that integrated different precipitation datasets with varying spatial resolutions using a dynamic Bayesian model averaging(DBMA)approach,the expectation-maximization method,and the ordinary Kriging interpolation method.The daily precipitation data merged using the DBMA approach exhibited distinct spatiotemporal variability,with an outstanding performance,as indicated by low root mean square error(RMSE=1.40 mm/d)and high Person's correlation coefficient(CC=0.67).Compared with the traditional simple model averaging(SMA)and individual product data,although the DBMA-fused precipitation data were slightly lower than the best precipitation product(CMFD),the overall performance of DBMA was more robust.The error analysis between DBMA-fused precipitation dataset and the more advanced Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement Final(IMERG-F)precipitation product,as well as hydrological simulations in the Ebinur Lake Basin,further demonstrated the superior performance of DBMA-fused precipitation dataset in the entire Xinjiang region.The proposed framework for solving the fusion problem of multi-source precipitation data with different spatial resolutions is feasible for application in inland arid areas,and aids in obtaining more accurate regional hydrological information and improving regional water resources management capabilities and meteorological research in these regions.

艾比湖流域LUCC驱动的碳储量时空动态特征与多情景预测

运用一个集成GMOP-PLUS-InVEST模型的框架,动态分析艾比湖流域土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)和碳储量的变化,并提供2030年3种可代替发展方案:自然发展情景(情形S1)、经济快速发展情景(情形S2)、经济和生态平衡发展情景(情形S3)。研究结果表明:1990-2020年间,耕地、建设用地和草地增加,林地、未利用地和水体则减少;在LUCC驱动下,过去30年间,总碳储量呈“增-减-增-减”的交替波动状态,整体增加了9.79×10^(6) t;与延续历史发展和经济快速发展相比,情景S3碳储量及其经济价值最为缓减,因为该情景对区域森林和草地资源的干扰有最大限制。

基于同位素揭示艾比湖流域地下水特征

地下水对于调节干旱区水循环和生态系统具有重要意义,认识和管理地下水资源是防止河流基流减少,地面沉降和水质退化的关键。通过分析艾比湖流域地下水水化学参数和氢氧稳定同位素特征,结合线性回归、双端元混合模型和GIS空间分析等方法,探讨不同区域地下水补给来源和水化学组分动态变化。结果表明:(1)博尔塔拉河(简称博河)和精河中下游区域氢氧同位素(δ2H与δ18O)值最大,艾比湖周边区域次之,博河上游区域最小,流域地下水存在不同的循环过程。(2)地下水氘盈余(d-excess)和水化学特征反映了地下水不同的补给机制和影响因素,博河上游区域地下水主要受冰川积雪融水补给;博河和精河中下游地下水主要来源为地表水和降水,同时受岩层性质、农田开发和灌溉措施影响较大;艾比湖周边地下水主要来源于冰雪融水和降水。中下游区域和河湖交汇区地下水是防控和治理的重点区域。(3)地下水流动系统Ⅰ的电导率(Electrical conductance,EC)在210.00~2500.00μS·cm^(-1)之间,d-excess在6.47‰~9.70‰之间;流动系统ⅡEC在141.60~5260.00μS·cm^(-1)之间,d-excess在9.61‰~17.45‰之间,地下含水层存在不同的水力联系。研究结果对艾比湖流域地下水氢氧同位素和水化学驱动机制的探讨,可以为流域地下水资源的合理利用及科学开发提供一定的理论参考依据。

新疆艾比湖流域生态环境保护修复治理的基本思路及对策

新疆艾比湖流域作为山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的典型,是相互依存相互影响的生态系统,在北疆甚至全国影响深远。稳定河湖格局是保护艾比湖流域水环境的基础与核心。文章从艾比湖水面面积、需水量、水质,湖滨湿地面积、需水量、甘家湖需水量等核心指标和落实政策综合管理等方面对艾比湖流域生态环境整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提出基本思路及对策。实现生态环境修复的整体性、系统性、科学性、可操作性和长效机制,夯实社会稳定和长治久安总目标的社会基础。

小叶碱蓬和白麻土壤—叶片生态化学计量学特征对不同盐生境的响应

[目的]分析干旱区盐生植物生境土壤与叶片生态化学计量特征在不同盐生境下变化趋势及主要限制因子,为研究干旱区盐生植物生长发育过程中养分限制因子和适应机制提供基础研究资料,同时为荒漠植物的生态保育和恢复提供参考。[方法]选取艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区稀盐盐生植物小叶碱蓬(Suaeda microphylla)和拒盐盐生植物白麻(Apocynum pictum),测定其生境土壤pH值、含水量、盐分、速效磷、铵态氮、有机碳、全氮、全磷以及植物叶片有机碳、全氮、全磷,分析两种植物叶片与生境土壤生态化学计量特征的关系,探究植物叶片生态化学计量特征的土壤限制因子。[结果](1)随着盐分增加,两种植物生境土壤磷下降,有机碳、氮及化学计量比呈上升趋势,土壤养分含量受盐渍化程度影响显著;(2)两种植物叶片氮受土壤盐分影响显著,随盐分降低呈下降趋势,与土壤氮含量的变化趋势一致,叶片N/P平均值均小于14,表明研究区两种植物均受土壤氮含量限制;(3)RDA分析表明,影响小叶碱蓬叶片生态化学计量的主要因子为土壤pH值(p=0.034)、含水量(p=0.002),而白麻主要受土壤磷(p=0.002)、铵氮(p=0.048)影响。[结论]不同类型盐生植物在土壤—植物生态化学计量特征耦合关系上存在差异。稀盐盐生植物小叶碱蓬主要受土壤pH值、含水量的影响,拒盐盐生植物白麻主要受土壤磷、铵态氮含量影响。

气象驱动下的终端湖泊流域环境变化研究

在干旱地区,终端湖面积变化受气候影响较大,同时湖泊面积变化对生态环境平衡和土地利用变化起着重要作用。基于Landsat和JRC Global Surface Water(JRC GSW)多源遥感数据、气象数据、土地利用数据和NDVI数据,分析了艾比湖水面面积变化及驱动因素,以及对艾比湖流域环境的影响。得出如下结论:2000—2020年艾比湖面积呈现先减少后增加的趋势,2010年左右为转折点;面积变化与降水量的相关性最大(R^(2)=0.589,P<0.01和R^(2)=0.519,P<0.05);流域内耕地面积增长最大,为3140 km^(2),占研究区总面积的6.23%;其次是草地面积增加1402 km^(2),占研究区总面积的2.78%;而面积减少最多的是未利用土地,为2974 km^(2),占总面积的5.90%,主要转化为草地和耕地;由NDVI变化可知,该流域内的植被主要由草地构成,并且草地高覆盖(>0.8)区呈现出增加趋势,集中在人类活动区。干旱区终端湖泊面积变化监测是生态环境保护研究的有益补充,为进一步保护以及恢复干旱区生态环境的方法提供理论基础。

近40年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态干扰度时空动态及景观格局变化

以新疆艾比湖湿地为研究区,利用1972、1998、2007年及2013年4个时期的Landsat遥感影像作为数据源,并结合湿地的土地覆被状况,参考《全国土地利用分类》建立艾比湖湿地生态干扰类型分类系统。借助生态干扰度指数、景观格局指数以及GIS空间分析方法,探讨艾比湖湿地的生态干扰度的时空动态及景观响应机制。结果表明:(1)1972—2013年,研究区的生态干扰度总体呈现较为稳定的趋势,但其空间分布发生变化。生态干扰度类型之间的转化速率有加快的趋势。(2)1972—2013年,边缘密度指数(ED),平均形状指数(MSI),面积加权的平均斑块分形指数(AWMPFD)及景观分离度(DIVISION)4项景观格局指数大体呈上升的趋势,2013年区域的景观指数较为稳定。(3)景观格局指数与生态干扰程度有密切的一致性。生态干扰度与景观格局指数空间分布相关性大小依次为:边缘密度指数(ED)<景观丰度密度(PRD)<香农多样性指数(SHDI)<平均形状指数(MSI)<面积加权的平均斑块分形指数(AWMPFD)<景观分离度(DIVISION)。客观系统的认识和评价艾比湖湿地的生态系统及环境,可为干旱区实现自然环境的保护,协调土地利用及环境保护之间的关系提供较为实用的参考。

新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素

根据新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质(SOM)数据,分析了土壤质地、植被群落类型和土壤剖面深度3个因素对SOM含量的影响,进一步研究了流域内有机质在不同土壤深度的空间分布特征及其沿土壤剖面深度垂直分布的空间异质性。结果表明:植被群落类型显著影响SOM含量,而土壤质地和深度对有机质总体分布水平影响不显著;随土壤深度变化有机质分布呈现不同的空间变异特征,流域内0—80 cm土壤有机质高含量区域与低含量区域斑块化分布呈现孔穴特征,但在80—120 cm土壤有机质含量变化较为连续,呈现流域东、西两端高而中间低的分布特征;有机质沿土壤深度垂直分布模式在流域内表现出分异特征,流域中部SOM随土壤深度增加而降低,SOM含量从0—20 cm浅层土壤的2.85 g/kg降至100—120 cm深层土壤的1.51 g/kg;但在流域东部和西部SOM随土壤深度增加呈升高趋势,流域西部SOM含量从0—20 cm土壤的1.80 g/kg大幅增加至100—120cm土壤的6.61 g/kg,流域东部SOM含量则从0—20 cm土壤的1.04 g/kg逐步增至100—120 cm土壤的2.86g/kg。艾比湖流域有机质在浅层和深层土壤不同的空间分布特征与干旱区绿洲生态景观斑块化分异特征和植被根际沉积特点密切相关,流域内土壤剖面成土演化的空间异质性对有机质沿土壤深度垂直分布的空间变异性有显著制约。

近50a来艾比湖流域生态环境演变及其影响因素分析

新疆艾比湖是典型的干旱区湖泊,具有特殊的湿地干旱生态系统.晚更新世晚期开始,由于气候逐渐变干,艾比湖不断萎缩.20世纪50年代至80年代末,由于湖区人口的激增及其对水土资源的不合理开发利用加速了湖泊干缩的进程;80年代后期至今,随着新疆北部的气候向暖湿转变,以及湖区人口和耕地增长趋缓,艾比湖湖面出现波动扩张态势.从分析湖泊水量变化入手,对比湖区不同类型土壤的理化性状及植物群落特征,讨论了湖区生态系统内部水、土、生物过程变化规律及其关联性,指出要遏制当地生态的恶化,必须采取积极的生态环境保护和建设措施.

基于LUCC的艾比湖区域生态风险评价及预测研究

以新疆内陆艾比湖流域典型区域为研究区,基于RS和GIS技术分析1998、2013年土地利用变化,尝试用CA-Markov模型预测2028年土地利用/覆盖变化.借助Fragstats3.4软件,基于土地利用/覆盖变化构建景观生态风险评价模型,分析1998~2028年景观生态风险的时空分异特征.结果表明:(1)1998~2013年,研究区土地类型面积变化明显.耕地面积增加量最大,增加的面积为152139hm^2,而未利用地面积减少量最大,减少的面积为67605hm^2.2013~2028年,耕地和裸露的河床及盐渍地的面积增加明显,增加的面积分别为30730hm^2,12427hm^2,而未利用地和水体的面积分别从954376hm^2和44889hm^2,减至921079hm^2和37157hm^2.(2)1998~2028年,研究区生态风险等级空间分布差异明显.高生态风险区面积变化较为显著,其面积分别约占总面积的36.6%,7.3%,23.7%.1998~2028年,全局Moran’s I值分别为0.436962,0.442202,0.506622,表现为一定程度的正相关.(3)1998~2028年,耕地分布在低,较低生态风险的比重上升,所占百分比分别为58.46%,78.58%,79.9%.林、草地类型的各生态风险等级的所占的比重的波动较大.

艾比湖湿地退化对盐尘暴发生及运移路径的影响

新疆艾比湖湿地内间歇性裸露的干涸湖底加重了周围区域的盐渍化程度,为盐尘暴的发生发展提供了粉尘物质来源。盐碱粉末在风力作用下以颗粒物的形式悬浮在空中并向周围扩散,严重危害周边区域的生态安全和社会经济发展。本文选择研究区三期遥感影像,结合同期野外实测大气降尘及地表土壤采样数据,剖析区域土壤盐渍化与盐尘暴发生作用机制,探讨艾比湖湿地退化引发的盐尘暴在传输、沉降过程中对源地及途经区域的生态环境的影响,进而对盐尘暴的运移路径进行模拟预测。有关成果对于揭示该区域独特的盐尘暴发生及作用机制问题具有重要作用。

艾比湖湿地土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因子分析

为了揭示干旱区湿地土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因子,对新疆艾比湖湿地不同生境土壤有机碳含量及其影响因子进行了测定和分析.研究结果表明,该区域土壤有机碳含量相对较低（1.08~11.49 g/kg）,且各生境土壤有机碳垂直分布的态势不尽相同;不同生境中,有植被覆盖的湿地具有较高的土壤有机碳含量;艾比湖湿地土壤不同层次有机碳含量与容重、pH值呈极显著负相关（p〈0.01）,与全氮呈极显著正相关（p〈0.01）,与盐度呈显著正相关（p〈0.05）.

荒漠植物功能性状及其多样性对土壤水盐变化的响应

植物功能性状及其多样性对环境变化的响应研究有助于揭示极端环境下植物适应策略和群落构建机制。通过实地调查和实验分析,研究艾比湖荒漠植物形态、生理和化学等8个功能性状的特征,并从多维性状和一维性状角度揭示功能多样性对土壤水分和盐分变化的响应规律。结果表明:高水盐环境下(SW1),(1)群落加权株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及叶片碳(C)和钙(Ca)含量显著高于低水盐环境,叶片氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)含量在不同水盐环境间无显著差异。(2)SW1环境下,沿乔木-小乔木-灌木-草本层次,上层生活型植物性状值普遍高于下层植物,其中灌木叶片仅N、钾(K)含量显著高于草本;沿该生活型层次植物性状呈趋同变化。(3)低水盐环境下(SW2),乔木叶片性状差异特征与SW1相似;小乔木叶片C、N含量分别显著高于和低于灌木及草本;相比于草本,灌木SPAD、S含量显著高,K含量显著低,株高、C、N、P含量差异不显著;SW2环境下各生活型植物性状呈趋同变化。(4)SW1环境下多维功能丰富度、功能离散度显著高于SW2环境,但均匀度无显著差异。(5)一维功能均匀度在不同水盐环境间均无显著差异,但化学性状的均匀度总体高于植物株高;高水盐环境下叶片N、S和Ca的功能分异指数显著高于低水盐环境。研究为掌握胁迫环境下的植物适应策略和荒漠植被恢复提供参考。