Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory...Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of Co-cultured ARs were studied.Methods:The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research.In this study,mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used as in vitro model.Different concentrations of AR extract(50-400 g/mL) were used to treat cells.The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) phosphorylation,and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-a levels were determined by the Western blot analysis.Results:In the co-cultured ARs,total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined,and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture.Compared with the control group,the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation.However,in the extract groups with different concentrations(25,50,and 100 g/mL),the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins,including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly(P <0.05) decreased in the extract groups,revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion:Collectively,our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E.pallida and E.purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
基金supported by grants the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program (20180101278JC) for the financial supportthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370388 and 31660080)。
文摘Objective:In order to elucidate the biological activity of the Co-cultured adventitious roots(ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application,and the antiinflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of Co-cultured ARs were studied.Methods:The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research.In this study,mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used as in vitro model.Different concentrations of AR extract(50-400 g/mL) were used to treat cells.The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) phosphorylation,and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-a levels were determined by the Western blot analysis.Results:In the co-cultured ARs,total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined,and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture.Compared with the control group,the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation.However,in the extract groups with different concentrations(25,50,and 100 g/mL),the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins,including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly(P <0.05) decreased in the extract groups,revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion:Collectively,our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E.pallida and E.purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.
