Research on Oxidative Stress Induced by Tenuazonic Acid from Alternaria augustiovoide and Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli

[Objective] The aim of the study was to determine whether phytotoxicity of TeA against Echinochloa crus-galli leaves was correlated with oxidative stress caused by generation of reactive oxygen and the changes of antioxidant enzymes activity.[Method] The changes of malondialdehyde（MDA）content,hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione reductase（GR）and catalase（CAT）were studied by leaf segment method in vitro.[Result] After the treatment of 500 μmol/L TeA,the content of MDA and H2O2 increased by 247.86% and 67.00%,respectively,indicating that the accumulation of MDA and H2O2 in E.crus-galli leaves was due to the reactive oxygen burst induced by TeA.TeA induced a significant increase in activities of SOD,GR and CAT.At 500 μmol/L TeA,activities of SOD,GR and CAT increased more than one fold compared with the control.[Conclusion] TeA could not only cause oxidative stress in leaves of E.crus-galli through the induction of reactive oxygen,but also induce the increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity.

Effect of Different Treatment on Seed Germination of Echinochloa crus-galli

The effect of different treatment on seed germination of Echinochloa crusgalli was investigated in this study. The results showed that GA3, concentrated sulfuric acid, KNO3, NaOH and temperature treatments all could promote the germination of E. crus-galli seeds, but there were great differences in the promoting effect. Seed soaking with 1 000-1 500 mg/L of GA3 for 24 h and seed soaking with concentrated sulfuric acid for 15-20 min all maintained the germination rate of E. crusgalli seeds higher than 70.0%; 1.5% NaOH made the germination rate of E. crusgalli seeds up to 93.7%, but higher-concentration NaOH significantly reduced the germination rate of E. crus-galli seeds; KNO3 treatment showed certain promoting effect on germination of E. crus-galli seeds, but the effect was not ideal, i.e., the germination rate was lower than 35.5%; 20-25 ℃ temperature treatment could effectively promote the germination of E. crus-galli seeds, and the germination rate ranged from 68.2% to 75.8%.

Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity

Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world＇s most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant.It is well known that E.crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood.The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase（EC 3.2.1.78）, β-mannosidase（EC 3.2.1.25） and α-galactosidase（EC 3.2.1.22） can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers.In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination.The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake.In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only.The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1.β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased.The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening.During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased.Our data showed that E.crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E.crus-galli on production of cereal crop plant.

Effect of Toxins Isolated from Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard and Suggs on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Exserohilum monoceras （Drechsler） Leonard and Suggs is a potential biocontrol agent for the control of Echinochloa species. This fungus causes leaf blight in Echinochloa species, but does not damage rice. Phytotoxicity of the fungal fermented broth was evaluated through the bioassay and the active ingredients were preliminarily isolated by using silica gel column chromatography （CC） in this study. The most active fraction 5-Ⅲ was obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results show that 5-Ⅲ consisted of many compounds, in which 36 compounds accounted for 94.24% of total peak area. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） displayed the highest activity accounted for 9.24% of the total peak area, suggesting that DBP may be one of the main active compounds produced by E. monoceras.

中国境内稗(Echinochloa crus-galli)形态变异及其遗传和地理背景分析

采集了浙江、福建、江苏、湖南、湖北、四川、重庆、黑龙江、河南9个省的稗(Echinochloa crus-galli(L.)P.Beauv.)及其变种的33份种子,分别播种在相同的环境下,获得33个种群,测定了种群的16个形态性状,筛选出重复性好的9条ISSR引物,从33个种群中扩增出了109个位点。基于这些形态性状和ISSR位点信息,对33个种群先进行主成分分析,在此基础上再进行模糊均值聚类分析,探讨了它们的形态和遗传变化特点,及其与形态—遗传—地理背景三者之间的关系。主要结论如下:(1)33个种群可以鉴别出形态性状相对一致的4组,能够识别出西来稗(E.crus-galli var.zelayensis(Kunth)Farw.)、无芒稗(E.crus-galli var.mitis(Pursh)Peterm.)、细叶旱稗(E.crus-galli var.praticola Ohwi);(2)基于109个位点信息对33个种群进行聚类分析得到了6组,部分组与形态聚类分组有一定的对应性;(3)33个稗草种群的遗传分化受地理背景因素的影响(r=0.684,n=33,P<0.001);形态变异也有较明显的遗传背景因素(r=0.425,n=33,P<0.02)。在相对一致的稻田生境中,可能存在着形态上的趋同适应,使遗传上分化的组间在形态上又往往有交叉过渡,致使稗原变种(E.crus-galli var.crus-galli)、西来稗、无芒稗、短芒稗(E.crus-galli var.breviseta(D9ll)Podp.)在形态上难以区别;(4)基于遗传和形态数据分析,发现细叶旱稗无论在形态上,还是遗传上,均形成了明显的一组,推测与该种长期适应于干旱生境有关,建议将细叶旱稗提升为种的水平,并将其命名为Echinochloa praticola(Ohwi)Guo S L,Lu Y L,Yin L P&Zou M Y。

Quinclorac Resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli from China

Echinochloa crus-galli is a major weed in rice fields in China,and quinclorac has been long used for its control.Over-reliance of quinclorac has resulted in quinclorac resistance in E.crus-galli.Two resistant(R)E.crus-galli populations from Hunan,China were confirmed to be at least 78-fold more resistant to quinclorac than the susceptible(S)population.No difference in foliar uptake of 14C-labelled quinclorac was detected between the R and S plants.However,a higher level of 14C translocation and a lower level of quinclorac metabolism were found in the R plants.Basal and induced expression levels ofβ-cyanoalanine synthase(β-CAS)gene andβ-CAS activity were not significantly different between the R and S plants.However,the induction expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO1)gene by quinclorac treatment was evident in the S plants but not in the R plants.Quinclorac resistance in the two resistant E.crus-galli populations was not likely to be related to foliar uptake,translocation or metabolism of quinclorac,nor to cyanide detoxification viaβ-CAS.Thus,target-site based quinclorac signal reception and transduction and regulation of the ethylene synthesis pathway should be the focus for further research.

Allelopathic Potential of Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Cultivars on Barnyard Grass （Echinochloa crus-galh~

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 12 rice cultivars on barnyard grass. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） was used to determine the influence of osmotic potential on the bioassay materials. Effect of different concentrations of stem, root, and leaf extracts of rice cultivars on seed germination, radicle and primary shoot length of barnyard grass seedlings, and rate of respiration of root pieces were investigated in the laboratory experiments. Shoot height and dry weight of weed stands were studied in the greenhouse, Also total peroxidase activity, chlorophyll pigment and mitotic index were determined. Results indicated that, among rice cultivars, Mehr, Tarom-mahali, G3, Nemat, and Shahpasand caused the most inhibition effects on investigated factors. Amol-3 showed the least negative effects on growth of seedlings and stands of barnyard grass. In laboratory, the Mehr cultivar demonstrated the maximum inhibitory effects by reducing barnyard grass seed germination percentage （88%）, radicle length （100%）, primary shoot length （83%）, and root respiration （85%） Cell division, expressed as mitotic index, was significantly reduced in the presence of rice aqueous extracts. Mehr cultivar had higher inhibitory effect on mitosis compared to Amol-3. In greenhouse, the same cultivar showed the maximum inhibitory effect by reducing barnyard grass height （45%） and dry weight （64%）. With increase in extract concentration, the inhibitory effect increased. Leaf extract from rice plants was more effective compared with the root and stem extracts. Comparison of rice cultivars and PEG indicated that any reduction in germination and growth of barnyard grass using rice extract concentrations of 5% and 10% must have been the result of allelochemicals in the extracts. Lower extract concentrations showed a more pronounced inhibitory effect in the laboratory as compared to the greenhouse studies. These results suggest that rice leaf extracts may be a source of natural herbicide.

Effects of Spores and Crude Toxins of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f.sp.echinochloae on the Activity of Defensive Enzymes in Barnyardgrass

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of spores and crude toxins of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f. sp. echinochloae（HGE） on the ac- tivity of defensive enzymes of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli （L.） Beauv.]. [Method] The effects of spores and crude toxins of HGE, as well as the mixture of spores and crude toxins on the activity of defensive enzymes in barnyardgrass were determined under laboratory conditions. [Result] Spores and crude toxins of HGE had varying degrees of effects on PAL and POD activity, and no obvious effect on SOD activity in barnyardgrass. In addition, spores and toxins had some similar im- pacts on the defensive enzymes in barnyardgrass. [Conclusion] Since toxins have similar effects on the hosts as spores of fungal pathogen do, they can be a substi- tute for the fungal pathogen in studying the partial pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen due to its complexity in pathogenic process.

水稻田稗属(Echinochloa spp.)杂草对稻田常用除草剂的敏感性

[目的]明确我国稻田发生较多的稗(Echinochloa crus-galli var.crus-galli)、硬稃稗(E.glabrescens)和无芒稗(E.crus-galli var.mitia)3种稗属(Echinochloa spp.)杂草对稻田常用除草剂的敏感水平,以及光头稗(E.colonum)、西来稗(E.crus-galli var.zelayensis)、长芒稗(E.caudata)、水稗(E.phyllopogon)和水田稗(E.oryzoides)5种发生较少的稗属杂草对稻田主要除稗剂五氟磺草胺的敏感水平。[方法]采用整株生物测定法测定供试杂草对除草剂的敏感性。[结果]采自安徽省宣城市宣州区稗种群对五氟磺草胺、氰氟草酯、丁草胺、口恶嗪草酮和二甲戊灵产生了明显的抗药性,其ED50值大于推荐高剂量;对双草醚、精口恶唑禾草灵和口恶唑酰草胺敏感。采自安徽省宣城市宣州区硬稃稗种群对口恶嗪草酮和丁草胺则产生了抗药性,对口恶嗪草酮ED50值高于推荐高剂量,丁草胺处理剂量为推荐高剂量的1.5倍时对硬稃稗的鲜质量抑制率达62.10%,对五氟磺草胺、嘧啶肟草醚、口恶草酮、乙氧氟草醚和双草醚敏感。采自江苏省丹阳市珥陵镇无芒稗种群对二氯喹啉酸和口恶嗪草酮产生了明显的抗药性,其ED50值高于推荐高剂量,对丁草胺和乙氧氟草醚敏感。发生较少的光头稗、西来稗、长芒稗、水稗和水田稗对五氟磺草胺都较为敏感。[结论]不同种类的稗属杂草对除草剂的敏感性有着明显差异,3种发生较多的稗属杂草分别对两种或两种以上不同的除草剂产生了抗药性。

稗类(Echinochloa spp.)植物的开花生物学特性

对稗属 (EchinochloaDeauv .)常见种类〔稗Echinochloacrusgalli (L .)Beauv .;无芒稗E .crusgallivar.mitis(Pursh)Peterm .;西来稗E .crusgallivar.zelayensis (H .B .K .)Hitchc .;细叶旱稗E .crusgallivar.praticolaOhwi;旱稗E .hispidula (Retz.)Nees和光头稗E .colonum (L .)Link〕的开花过程和节律 ,温度、光周期、晴天和阴雨天对其中部分稗类植物开花的影响以及套袋条件下无芒稗和旱稗的结实率进行了研究。结果表明 ,不同稗类植物的开花的过程基本相似 ,从颖壳微微张口到闭合大约需 2 0～ 30min ,但花药伸出颖壳后 ,散落花粉的过程很快 ,颖壳闭合后柱头外露率达 10 0 %。稗类植物每穗开花持续时间较长 ,一般为 2 0～ 2 5d ,随种类的不同略有变化 ;稗类植物每穗每天开花数量的变化趋势基本呈抛物线状 ,每天的开花比例变化较平缓 ,即使在开花高峰期 ,开花数也只占总数的10 %～ 15 %,开花高峰期因稗草种类的不同略有变化 ,但都在始花后 11～ 15d左右。每日的开花节律为 70 %～80 %的颖花在 7:0 0之前开 ,15 %～ 2 0 %在 7:0 0 - 8:30开 ,8:30之后零星开花 ,10 :30尚未见开花。温度、光周期、晴天和阴雨天对开花都有一定的影响。不同条件下的结实率没有明显差异。

8种稗草(Echinochloa)对扫茀特耐药性的比较

20 0 1年 10月采集南京地区 8种稗草 (Echinochloa)种子 ,分别用 0、0 .0 1、0 .10、1.0 0、10 .0 0mg/L扫特浸稗草种子 ,萌发后测定其形态、结构及α 淀粉酶活性。结果表明 ,无芒稗的株高、叶片及叶鞘细胞的长度、α 淀粉酶活性受扫特抑制的程度最低 ,旱稗、稗、西来稗次之 ,光头稗最高。说明不同稗草的种及变种间存在耐药性的差异 ,其中无芒稗的耐药性最强 。

稗草生防潜力菌Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae的原生质体制备和再生

禾长蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae,HGE)是稗草生防潜力菌,为建立HGE的遗传转化体系,研究了菌龄、胞壁降解酶、稳渗剂等对其原生质体制备和再生的影响。结果表明,HGE菌原生质体制备的适宜条件为:26℃下采用1.0%崩溃酶处理菌龄为6h的HGE菌丝体2h,0.7mol/LNaCl为稳渗剂。原生质体再生的适宜条件为:32℃下采用0.5%崩溃酶处理菌龄为16h的HGE菌丝体4h,0.7mol/LNaCl为稳渗剂,R1为高渗再生培养基。

稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)根型ppc基因对水稻的遗传转化及其对光合速率的调节效应

稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)是稻田中的C4光合型杂草,为了探索稗草ppc基因(Eppc)对水稻遗传转化的可行性及其对光合速率的调节效应,首次将含有稗草根型磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)基因ppc c DNA的2个植物表达载体p Ubi-Eppc、p Rbc S-Eppc通过农杆菌介导法对水稻进行了遗传转化。对分化植株进行的PCR、RT-PCR、克隆测序和Western杂交等结果均表明稗草ppc基因已经整合到了水稻基因组中,并且在转录和翻译水平都得到了表达。转基因水稻PEPC活性和气体交换参数测定结果表明T0代多数植株的PEPC活性高于对照,最高达到了对照的5.85倍;T0代大多数转基因植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)比对照提高了20.00%,最大地提高了47.16%,同时叶片水分利用效率(WUE)也得到增强;T6代大部分转化植株的PEPC活性及Pn仍保持高于对照,本研究表明C3根型ppc基因过量表达也可以提高水稻的Pn,且证明稗草PEPC对光合作用具有较强的调节作用。

Resistance Level and Metabolism of Barnyard-Grass (Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.) Populations to Quizalofop-p-ethyl in Heilongjiang Province,China

Eleven barnyardgrass populations were assayed. The highest resistant population was Geqiushan R with RI 125.45 resulted from the seed assay and 87.29 resulted from the whole plant bioassay followed by 853 R with RI 2.79 resulted from the seed assay and 6.04 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The resistance level of other nine populations was low with RI 1.13-2.61 resulted from the seed assay and 1.48-3.63 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The activity of an important metabolic enzyme glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） and three protective enzymes （SOD, POD, and CAT） were determined in vivo for Geqiushan R, 853 R, and Wudalianchi R. Compared with the S controls, the activities of POD in Geqiushan R, GSTs in 853 R, and Wudalianchi R were increased.

Identification of massive molecular markers in Echinochloa phyllopogon using a restriction-site associated DNA approach

Echinochloa phyUopogon proliferation seriously threatens rice production worldwide. We combined a restriction-site associated DNA （RAD） approach with Illumina DNA sequencing for rapid and mass discovery of simple sequence repeat （SSR） and single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） markers for E. phyllopogon. RAD tags were generated from the genomic DNA of two E. phyUopogon plants, and sequenced to produce 5197.7 Mb and 5242.9 Mb high quality sequences, respectively. The GC content of E. phyllopogon was 45.8%, which is high for monocots. In total, 4710 putative SSRs were identified in 4132 contigs, which permitted the design of PCR primers for E. phyllopogon. Most repeat motifs among the SSRs identified were dinucleotide （〉82%）, and most of these SSRs were four motif-repeats （〉75%）. The most frequent motif was AT, accounting for 36.3%-37.2%, followed by AG and AC. In total, 78 putative polymorphic SSR loci were found. A total of 49,179 SNPs were discovered between the two samples of E. phyllopogon, 67.1% of which were transversions and 32.9% were transitions. We used eight SSRs to study the genetic diversity of four E. phyllopogon populations collected from rice fields in China and all eight loci tested were polymorphic.

Assessment of Gene Flow Through Detection of SexualCompatibility Between Transgenic Rice with barand Echinochloa crusgalli var.mitis

The possibility of gene flow between two varieties of transgenic rice with bar gene (Y0003 and 99-t) (male) and barnyard grass(Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis ) (female) was studied by means of reproductive biology. The germination and growth of rice pollen grains on barnyard grass stigmas at 30 min, and 1-4 h after crossing by hand were observed with an optical microscope. The results were compared with the germination and growth of barnyard grass pollen grains at the corresponding time after self-pollination. The results showed that germination and growth of the pollen grains of the two varieties were similar on barnyard grass stigmas, but differed significantly from self-pollination of barnyard grass. Pollen grains germinated and pollen tubes penetrated stigmas normally, and the number of pollen grains being condensing or releasing their inclusions or having released them increased with the time after self-pollination. Pollen grains of transgenic rice on the stigmas of barnyard grass couldn't germinate or grow normally after crossing, neither could they penetrate the stigmas of barnyard grass. Therefore, it could be concluded that the sexual incompatibility between transgenic rice with bar gene and barnyard grass is due to the rice pollen being unable to penetrate the stigma of barnyard grass. Further proof of incompatibility lies in the fact that the emasculated barnyard grass pollinated with the rice pollen grains could not seed.

Effects of Nitrogen on the Competitiveness of Echinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis with Direct-seeded Rice

Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen （N） is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. Rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. Both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.

Study on the Resistance Levels of Different Echinochloa crusgalli Populations to Penoxsulam and Bispyribac-sodium

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen the resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli in some paddy fields in Changde City,Yiyang City and Yueyang City in Hunan Province to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Methods]The resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was screened in 11 E.crusgalli populations collected from rice production areas in Changde,Yiyang and Yueyang Cities,Hunan Province,and the resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was determined.[Results]HU-1 to HU-6 and HU-8 A,a total of seven populations showed high levels of resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.The resistance level of population HU-2 to penoxsulam was extremely high;population HU-7 showed low-level resistance to both drugs;HU-11 population showed low-level resistance to penoxsulam and was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium;and populations HU-8 and HU-9 were susceptible to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium and the selection of control chemicals for E.crusgalli in paddy fields.

盐碱胁迫下湖南稷子苗期根系分泌物代谢组学

盐碱胁迫下植物根系分泌物包含丰富生化信息并具有重要生态作用。为了探讨耐盐碱牧草湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)在盐碱胁迫下根系分泌物组成,揭示其在盐碱胁迫下的生理及生态作用,以湖南稷子为试验对象,在人工气候室开展水培试验,并在苗期分别进行中性盐(NaCl+Na_(2)SO_(4)100 mmol/L)、碱性盐(NaCl+NaHCO_(3)100 mmol/L)和碱(Na_(2)CO_(3)+NaHCO_(3)50 mmol/L)处理。在处理3 d后,利用液质联用仪(LC⁃MS/MS)检测对照组和处理组根系分泌物的化合物成分。结果表明,盐碱胁迫下湖南稷子根系分泌物共有334种化合物。依据正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS、|DA),重要值(VIP)得分及t检验的P值,发现对照比SaSo100(碱性盐处理100 mmol/L),对照比Soda50(碱处理50 mmol/L)和对照比Salt100(中性盐处理100 mmol/L)分别有22、15和21个差异根系分泌物。其中碱性盐和碱处理下根系分泌物组成相近,包括脂质、酚酸,生物碱,苯酞类,氨基糖,萜类,醌类,氨基酸及其衍生物;中性盐处理下有脂质、酚酸,生物碱,苯酞类,萜类。京都基因与基因组百科全书注释及富集发现,盐碱胁迫下根系分泌物不仅含有三羧酸循环代谢产生的碳水化合物、核苷酸,氨基酸,脂肪酸,类脂和维生素等物质,而且与瓦博格效应、膜运输,信号传导以及遗传信息处理等途径有关。研究表明,湖南稷子通过根系分泌物渗出,调节自身代谢物浓度,加强或改变碳同化、呼吸作用、信号传导等提高对盐碱胁迫的适应性。

溪黄草浸提液对2种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为研究溪黄草(Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara)浸提液对杂草种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感作用,本试验以稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli L.)和马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis L.)为受体材料,采用培养皿滤纸法测定了稗草与马唐的种子萌发、幼苗形态和生理指标。结果表明:(1)溪黄草鲜样浸提液在80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐与稗草种子的萌发和根长起到显著的抑制作用(P<0.05);(2)随着溪黄草干样和鲜样浸提液浓度的升高,稗草的过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性显著升高,而马唐的POD和CAT活性则显著降低(P<0.05);(3)当溪黄草干样和鲜样浸提液浓度为20,40,80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐的化感综合效应表现为抑制作用,且浸提液浓度越高抑制作用越强。综上所述,溪黄草浸提液在浓度为80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05)。