Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors:The importance of preoperative diagnosis

Accurate preoperative diagnosis is highly important for the treatment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors(PEComas)because PEComas are mainly benign tumors and may not require surgical intervention.By analyzing the causes,properties and clinical manifestations of PEComas,we summarize the challenges and solutions in the diagnosis of PEComas.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary hepatic lymphoma

AIM: To assess the benefi ts and limits of surgery for primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL), and probability of survival after postoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the results of surgical treatment of PHL over the past 8 years. Only nine patients underwent such treatment. The detailed data of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were carefully studied. RESULTS: All patients were mistaken as having α-fetoprotein-negative hepatic cancer before pathological diagnosis. The mean delay time between initial symptoms and final diagnosis was 26.8 d (range:14-47 d). Hepatitis B virus infection was noted in 33.3% of these patients. Most of the lesions were found to be restricted to a solitary hepatic mass. The surgical procedure performed was left hepatectomy in five cases, including left lateral segmentectomy in three. Right hepatectomy was performed in three cases and combined procedures in one. One patient died on the eighth day after surgery,secondary to hepatic insufficiency. The cumulative 6-mo, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates after hepatic surgery were, respectively, 85.7%,71.4%, and 47.6%. One patient survived for>5 years after surgery without any signs of recurrence until latest follow-up, who received routine postoperative chemotherapy every month for 2 years and then regular follow-up. By univariate analysis, postoperative chemotherapy was a significant prognostic factor that influenced survival (P=0.006). CONCLUSION: PHL is a rare entity that is often misdiagnosed, and has a potential association with chronic hepatitis B infection. The prognosis is variable, with good response to early surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy in strictly selected patients.

Tools for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection and hepatic fibrosis staging

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection represents a major public health issue.Hepatitis C can be cured bytherapy,but many infected individuals are unaware of their status.Effective HCV screening,fast diagnosis and characterization,and hepatic fibrosis staging are highly relevant for controlling transmission,treating infected patients and,consequently,avoiding end-stage liver disease.Exposure to HCV can be determined with high sensitivity and specificity with currently available third generation serology assays.Additionally,the use of point-of-care tests can increase HCV screening opportunities.However,active HCV infection must be confirmed by direct diagnosis methods.Additionally,HCV genotyping is required prior to starting any treatment.Increasingly,high-volume clinical laboratories use different types of automated platforms,which have simplified sample processing,reduced hands-on-time,minimized contamination risks and human error and ensured full traceability of results.Significant advances have also been made in the field of fibrosis stage assessment with the development of non-invasive methods,such as imaging techniques and serum-based tests.However,no single test is currently available that is able to completely replace liver biopsy.This review focuses on approved commercial tools used to diagnose HCV infection and the recommended hepatic fibrosis staging tests.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma:Update on diagnosis and therapy

With an estimated incidence of only 1-2 cases in every 1 million people,hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE)is a rare vascular endothelial cell tumor occurring in the liver and consisting of epithelioid and histiocyte-like vascular endothelial cells in mucus or a fibrotic matrix.HEHE is characterized as a low-to-moderate grade malignant tumor and is classified into three types:solitary,multiple,and diffuse.Both the etiology and characteristic clinical manifestations of HEHE are unclear.However,HEHE has a characteristic appearance on imaging including ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography/computerized tomography.Still,its diagnosis depends mainly on pathological findings,with immunohistochemical detection of endothelial markers cluster of differentiation 31(CD31),CD34,CD10,vimentin,and factor VIII antigen as the basis of diagnosis.Hepatectomy and/or liver transplantation are the first choice for treatment,but various chemotherapeutic drugs are reportedly effective,providing a promising treatment option.In this review,we summarize the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment of HEHE,which provides future perspectives for the clinical management of HEHE.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be diagnosed early with the progress in diagnostic imaging, and thus the rate of resection of the tumor has increased markedly. To assess the effectiveness of resection, we reviewed 185 cases of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed and treated at our hospital. METHODS: The clinical data of 185 patients with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma who had been treated surgically from 1972 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The records of the 185 patients were divided into first stage (1972-1986) or second stage (1987-2006) according to the incidence of the tumor and its resection rate. Primary symptoms included upper abdominal discomfort or pain, anorexia, tiredness, weight loss and progressive jaundice. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were first line methods for atraumatic diagnosis. If the patients displayed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation or were diagnosed as suffering from extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), MRCP or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be used. In this series, 87 patients underwent resection of the tumor (47.0%). Of the 87 patients, 43 received radical resection and 44 palliative resection. Fifteen patients underwent resection in the first stage and 72 in the second stage. A total of 74 patients were followed up after the resection. The median survival time of the radical resection group was 37 months and that of the palliative resection group was 17 months (P<0.001). The other 62 patients receiving no resection died within 1.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Once patients are diagnosed with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, they should undergo exploratory laparotomy. Resection is the most effective method for the treatment of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma:Clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE)is a rare hepatic vascular tumor with unpredictable malignant potential.The etiology,characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of HEHE are not well-understood,and largescale retrospective studies are required to understand better this disease.AIM To determine the characteristics of HEHE and identify its optimal treatments and prognostic factors.METHODS The clinical data of two patients diagnosed with HEHE at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and 258 previously reported cases retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases between 1996 and 2021 were combined and summarized.All cases were pathologically identified as HEHE.Information such as clinical features,laboratory examination findings,imaging findings,pathological characteristics,treatment,and survival periods was reviewed.Kaplan-Meir curves were used for survival analysis.Prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analysis.RESULTS HEHE primarily affected middle-aged women.The typical manifestations included epigastric pain,hepatosplenomegaly,inappetence,distension,weight loss,and fatigue.Tumor markers were expressed normally.The incidence of extrahepatic metastasis was 34.5% at the time of diagnosis.The most common sites of extrahepatic involvement were the lungs(22.3%),lymph nodes(5.6%),peritoneum(3.6%),bones(6.6%),and spleen(5.1%).Furthermore,“capsular retraction”,“target sign”,and“lollipop sign”were the characteristic features of HEHE on imaging.The immunohistochemical profile for HEHE(expression of vascular markers,such as factor VIII-related antigen,CD31,and CD34;expression levels of D2-40)can facilitate and ensure an accurate diagnosis.The management options for patients with HEHE include liver resection(29.7%),liver transplantation(16.1%),palliative treatments(12.7%),transhepatic arterial chemotherapy and embolization(TACE,10.2%),chemotherapy(11.0%),antiangiogenic therapy(15.3%),and other treatments(5.1%);the mean survival time was 158.6,147.3,4.2,90.8,71.4,83.1,and 55.0 mo,respectively.The survival time of patients who underwent surgical treatment was longer than that of patients who did not.TACE and antiangiogenic therapy tended to prolong survival compared with other nonsurgical treatments.The 1-,5-,and 10-year survival rates were 82%,71%,and 64%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that liver function(P=0.045),intrahepatic metastasis(P=0.029),and treatment(P=0.045)were independent prognostic factors.The presence of extrahepatic metastases was not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis(P=0.558).CONCLUSION The clinical course of HEHE is rare and variable,and patients with intrahepatic metastases and liver dysfunction may have a poorer prognosis than those without.Surgical intervention,whether liver resection or transplantation,might be warranted regardless of extrahepatic metastasis.For patients without the option for surgery,clinicians should consider the use of TACE with antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of HEHE.

Doppler Ultrasound of Hepatic Vessels in the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis of the Liver in Togo

The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of Ultrasound-Doppler in the hemodynamic study of hepatic vessels during the liver cirrhosis in Togo. Method: This was an analytic cross-sectional study that measured the velocimetric parameters of hepatic vessels in cirrhotic patients and in non-cirrhotic patients. Results: The velocimetric parameters of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the hepatic veins were measured in 50 cirrhotic patients and 50 non-cirrhotic The caliber of the portal vein was significantly increased in cirrhotic patients compared to non-cirrhotic patients with 13.11 ± 2.16 mm versus 11.45 ± 1.02 (p Conclusion: The hemodynamic study of the hepatic vessels can and must rightly be a diagnostic argument for liver cirrhosis.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: Dilemma and challenges in the preoperative diagnosis

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE) is a rare category of vascular tumor with uncertain malignant potential. It commonly presents nonspecific and variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to hepatic failure. In addition, laboratory measurements and imaging features also lack specificity in the diagnosis of HEHE. The aim of the present study is to highlight the dilemma and challenges in the preoperative diagnosis of HEHE, and to enhance awareness of the range of hepatobiliary surgery available in patients with multiple hepatic nodular lesions on imaging. In these patients, HEHE should at least be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Dysregulated microRNAs as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development.Early detection of HBV-associated HCC(HBV-HCC)can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.Biomarkers are extremely helpful,not only for early diagnosis,but also for the development of therapeutics.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,have increasingly attracted scientists’attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy.HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC.From a molecular standpoint,we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC.In the near future,miRNA-based diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.

Visual electrophysiological examination in diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy

Clinical observation of the neuropsychiatric condition, psychometric tests, and EEG recordings has been used to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy. However, no standardization for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been achieved. According to the study in normal subjects, visual electrophysiology testing is a method of simple, objective record for the medical examination, which includes visual evoked potentials (VEP), electroretinograms (ERG), etc. 23 hepatic encephalopathy patients prospectively underwent visual electrophysiology testing and laboratory serum analysis, and it was found that 22 visual electrophysiology abnormalities which showed that the amplitudes were decreased and the implicit times were prolonged compared with the normal. The relationship between biochemical parameters and visual electrophysiology parameters showed that visual recording was related to the damage of the liver. On the basis of this preliminary study, we could conclude that this method can be as a way to predict for hepatic encephalopathy and it appears to be a method in the recognition of the MHE.

Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis parameter model and elastic modulus of liver and spleen for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis b

Objective Toinvestigate the diagnostic value of hepatic fibrosis parameter model and elastic modulus of liver and spleen in hepatic fibrosis of chronic hepatitis b.Methods 77 patients with hepatic fibrosis of chronic hepatitis in the infection clinic were recruited from July 2016 to December 2018.According to the classification of hepatic fibrosis,23 patients were classified as S1,20 as S2,18 as S3 and 16 as S4.The serum indexes of liver function in all patients were tested,FIB-4,APRI and GPR model indexes were calculated.SWE values of liver and spleen were evaluated,and the correlation between FIB-4,APRI,GPR and SWE was analyzed.Results The SWE values of liver and spleen in the study group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(P<0.01),and the differences in serum GGT,PLT,AST and portal vein velocity between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.01).GGT and PLT were correlated with SWE values of liver and spleen,which were statistically significant(P<0.01).The model indexes of fib-4,APRI and GPR in the study group were all higher than those in the normal group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that liver SWE value and spleen SWE value were positively correlated with fib-4,APRI and GPR,and the differences were significant(P<0.01),with a higher correlation with GPR.Conclusion GGT,PLT and GPR are positively correlated with SWE of liver and spleen,and combined detection can improve the early diagnosis accuracy of liver fibrosis.

Efficient Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Hepatic Tumors Using Computed Tomography Scans

One of the leading causes of mortality worldwide is liver cancer.The earlier the detection of hepatic tumors,the lower the mortality rate.This paper introduces a computer-aided diagnosis system to extract hepatic tumors from computed tomography scans and classify them into malignant or benign tumors.Segmenting hepatic tumors from computed tomography scans is considered a challenging task due to the fuzziness in the liver pixel range,intensity values overlap between the liver and neighboring organs,high noise from computed tomography scanner,and large variance in tumors shapes.The proposed method consists of three main stages;liver segmentation using Fast Generalized Fuzzy C-Means,tumor segmentation using dynamic thresholding,and the tumor’s classification into malignant/benign using support vector machines classifier.The performance of the proposed system was evaluated using three liver benchmark datasets,which are MICCAI-Sliver07,LiTS17,and 3Dircadb.The proposed computer adided diagnosis system achieved an average accuracy of 96.75%,sensetivity of 96.38%,specificity of 95.20%and Dice similarity coefficient of 95.13%.

Novel computerized psychometric tests as primary screening tools for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)is a critical neurocognitive complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis and portosystemic shunting,which results in a wide range of cognitive deficits including impairments in working attention,psychomotor speed,and executive function.Current guidelines have recommended paper-and-pencil psychometric tests for the diagnosis of MHE.Most high-risk cirrhotic patients are required to be examined;however,paperand-pencil psychometric tests are neither convenient nor rapid to perform in the clinic.Recently,novel computerized psychometric tests,including the inhibitory control test,EncephalApp Stroop App,and critical flicker frequency,have been proven to be rapid,effective,and convenient methods for screening MHE in clinical practice and for identifying high-risk cirrhotic patients for further validation using rigid neuropsychometric examinations.However,diagnostic accuracy of these tests is influenced by educational background,age,and cultural differences.This review summarizes clinical evidence of the application of novel computerized psychometric tests for screening MHE.

A complementary comment on primary hepatic angiosarcoma:A case report

BACKGROUND This article examines primary hepatic angiosarcoma(PHA)and fat-poor angiomyolipoma(AML),two uncommon vascular cancers.Clinical decisions in these situations are frequently aided by pathology reports and imaging techniques.Uncommon malignant tumors of the vascular endothelium include PHA.Another diagnosis that should not be overlooked when employing contrastenhanced MR and contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)imaging techniques is fat-poor AML,one of the uncommon vascular tumors of the liver.In both conditions,biopsy is the primary means of diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY In our article,besides the diagnosis of PHA,fat-poor AML,one of the other rare vascular tumors of the liver,is mentioned.In the case,a 50-year-old female patient with VHL Syndrome was admitted to our hospital with nonspecific lesions such as right upper quadrant pain,weight loss,and nausea.Abdominal ultrasonography(US)revealed a hypoechoic heterogeneous lesion with occasional faint contours.In computed tomography,it was observed as a hyperdense nodular lesion in segment 4.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed that the lesion did not contain fat.In connection with the known history of VHL Syndrome,we first evaluated the possibility of AML.Thereupon,a histopathological sample was taken and the diagnosis was made as fat-poor AML with 5%fat content.CONCLUSION In conclusion,PHA in our case report and fat-poor AML in our clinic are two uncommon liver vascular malignancies with comparable incidences.Important imaging techniques like contrast-enhanced US(CEUS),CECT,and CEMRI give us substantial advantages in both cases.However,a biopsy is used to provide the final diagnosis.

Diagnosis and treatment of trauma of hepatic portal bile duct

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of trauma of hepatic portal bile duct. Methods Eight cases of trauma of the hepatic portal bile duct were reviewed. All short-term splits were treated with repair plus drainage with supporting tube. In 7 cases, there were combined injuries of 2 or more than 2 organs. The combined injuries were respectively treated. Long-term complication of bile duct stenosis was managed with internal drainage. Results Five cases were found during operation. Of these 5 patients, 3 were with the traumatic split less than 50% diameter and 2 with that more than 50% diameter. After repair,1 of the former 3 died and 2 remained in good condition. However, 1 of the latter 2 died and 1 was reoperated on due to bile duct stricture after the repair. Other 3 cases were found due to postoperative bile leakage. They were treated with internal drainage and good results achieved. Conclusion It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis of traumatic injury of hepatic protal bile

Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive diagnosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and significant liver fibrosis

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of chronic viral hepatitis B(CHB)with significant liver fibrosis(S2)in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by using noninvasive diagnosis and their combined models,and to explore their clinical features.Methods:A total of 104 inpatients with CHB diagnosed and complicated with NAFLD(hepatic steatosis suggested by liver biopsy)were retrospectively collected from January 2018 to January 2023 in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University.Liver biopsy was performed in all patients.General data,laboratory test results,liver hardness(LSM),FIB-4,APRI,GGT/PLT,AST/PLT and other results of patients were collected and grouped according to different fibrosis stages(S)to explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with<S2 and S2 stages.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of LSM,FIB-4,APRI,GGT/PLT,AST/PLT and their combined models in patients with significant liver fibrosis in CHB patients with NAFLD.Results:Among the 104 patients,there were 55 patients had S1 fibrosis,32 patients had S2 fibrosis,11 patients had S3 fibrosis and 6 patients had S4 fibrosis.Patients had<S2 fibrosis,ALT 33.75±17.15 U/L,AST 24.00(19.77,29.00)U/L,inflammation above G2 stage accounted for 92.72%,GGT/PLT 0.07(0.10,0.15),AST/PLT 0.09(0.10,0.15),LSM 8.70(6.80,10.10)kPa,FIB-41.07±0.51,APRI 0.26(0.22,0.28).In patients S2 fibrosis,ALT 42.14±21.39 U/L,AST 29.04(24.00,40.32)U/L,inflammation above G2 stage accounted for 97.95%,GGT/PLT 0.15(0.10,0.28),AST/PLT 0.14(0.10,0.26),GGT/PLT 0.15(0.10,0.28),AST/PLT 0.14(0.10,0.26).LSM 11.80(8.50,16.65)kPa,FIB-41.39±0.72,APRI 0.35(0.26,0.66),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves of the subjects of LSM,FIB-4,APRI,GGT/PLT and AST/PLT were 0.716,0.623,0.669,0.644 and 0.669(P<0.05),respectively.In the combined model,the area under the receiver operator characteristic curves of LSM combined with FIB-4,LSM combined with APRI,LSM combined with GGT/PLT and LSM combined with AST/PLT were 0.712,0.719,0.715 and 0.719,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion:Although the currently commonly used Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis has certain diagnostic efficacy for significant liver fibrosis in CHB complicated with NAFLD,it cannot replace liver biopsy.Noninvasive Diagnosis can be used as an auxiliary method for regular clinical evaluation of liver biopsy.

“消除”背景下的丙型肝炎病毒感染现状及筛查、诊断对策

2015年,丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染的全球流行率为0.9%,但随着病毒性肝炎清除工作的全面铺开,至2020年,HCV在全球的流行率已降至0.7%,但全球仍有约5800万HCV感染者和1500万新发感染者,每年的HCV相关死亡病例达30万。2019年,我国HCV新发感染病例数达62.5万,经年龄校正后的发病率为[55(47.5~63.2)]/106。2006年,我国血清样本检测的流行病学调查显示,我国HCV感染的流行率约为0.43%。2016年的数据提示,我国的HCV相关死亡为45300例,为全球高死亡率的地区。2022年,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)提出了新的HCV消除结局指标,为HCV新发感染病例数<350000例/年并在总人群中发病率<2/100000/年,静脉药瘾者(people who inject drugs,PWID)<2/100人年。我国HCV基因型分布亦呈现一定的特殊性,基因型以1b型为主,约占62.7%,其次为2a型(17.4%),西南地区3型(5%)呈现较高流行率。近年来,基因3b型占比除在我国北部地区有所下降,在其他地区均呈上升趋势。我国基因型及亚型的分布和演变增加了我国丙型肝炎(丙肝)消除的难度。WHO建议筛查高风险人群(PWID和囚犯等),并根据医疗记录调整高风险人群的筛查模式;政府应组织高流行区(抗HCV血清流行率≥2%或≥5%)的大规模筛查。HCV感染风险持续人群的再感染率约为4.13/100人年,PWID为2.84/100人年,男男性行为者为7.37/100人年,囚犯人群则为7.23/100人年。因此,WHO建议应对HCV感染风险持续人群在HCV治愈后进行重复HCV检测。2022年,WHO HCV指南和2022年WHO HCV简化医疗服务和诊断流程文件均建议简化HCV诊断路径。我国的HCV疾病负担沉重,目前我国的HCV感染和诊治现状距离2030年实现“消除病毒性肝炎的公共卫生危害的目标”尚有一定差距。

自身免疫性肝炎的病理学诊断

自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)是免疫介导的肝实质炎症性疾病,以高丙种球蛋白血症、自身抗体阳性和典型的肝组织学异常为特征。然而,AIH临床表现多样,缺乏特异性的血清学标志物,因此AIH的诊断困难,具有挑战性。虽然汇管区淋巴浆细胞浸润、界面性肝炎、淋巴细胞穿入现象和肝细胞玫瑰花结为AIH典型的组织学特征,但在AIH中尚可观察到其他的一些形态学改变,包括小叶中心性坏死、Kupffer细胞内透明小球等。所以没有一个单一的组织学特征可直接诊断AIH,需结合临床和实验室检查,并排除其他原因引起的肝脏疾病,方可做出正确的诊断。本文总结了AIH的组织学特征、不同的病理组织学谱、常见的临床问题、主要的鉴别诊断和最新进展。

超声瞬时弹性成像检测受控衰减参数评估非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脂肪变程度价值研究

目的分析应用超声瞬时弹性成像检测的受控衰减参数(CAP)评估非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝脂肪变程度的价值。方法2020年5月~2022年5月我院诊治的NAFLD患者78例,均接受肝脏超声检查和超声瞬时弹性成像检查,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的效能。结果肝脏超声检查结果显示,78例NAFLD患者中包括轻度肝脂肪变41例、中度肝脂肪变23例和重度肝脂肪变14例;重度肝脂肪变患者血清ALT和AST水平分别为(77.2±14.9)U/L和(59.1±11.7)U/L,显著高于中度肝脂肪变患者【分别为(40.1±8.3)U/L和(35.9±6.2)U/L,P<0.05】或轻度肝脂肪变患者【分别为(26.7±5.5)U/L和(23.3±4.8)U/L,P<0.05】;重度肝脂肪变患者血清TG水平和CAP分别为(3.5±0.7)mmol/L和(317.7±27.6)dB/m,显著高于轻度肝脂肪变患者【分别为(1.6±0.6)mmol/L和(259.9±27.5)dB/m,P<0.05】或中度肝脂肪变患者【分别为(2.7±0.6)mmol/L和(292.1±30.7)dB/m,P<0.05】,而血清HDL-C水平为(0.8±0.4)mmol/L,显著低于轻度肝脂肪变患者【(1.3±0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05】或中度肝脂肪变患者【(1.1±0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05】;以CAP>285.4dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者中度肝脂肪变,以CAP>309.1dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者重度肝脂肪变,结果发现轻度肝脂肪变39例,中度肝脂肪变22例,重度肝脂肪变17例,其AUC、敏感度和特异度分别为0.783(95%CI:0.669~0.896)、78.3%和75.6%,和0.696(95%CI:0.515~0.876)、78.6%和69.6%(P<0.05)。结论应用CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度可能比超声检查更准确,有很大的临床应用价值。

HBV感染孕妇早期胆汁酸谱检测在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症诊断中的应用

目的探讨HBV感染孕妇早期胆汁酸谱检测在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年12月无锡市妇幼保健院收治的186例HBV感染孕妇,根据ICP诊断标准将其分为单纯HBV组(124例)和HBV并发ICP组(62例),收集两组孕妇一般资料及妊娠早期围保肝生化指标和胆汁酸谱检测结果,采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归分析HBV感染孕妇并发ICP的主要影响因素,ROC曲线分析预测诊断效能。结果与HBV组比,HBV并发ICP组AST[(46.60±38.98)U/L比(30.97±31.49)U/L,P=0.004]、ALT[(50.80±36.81)U/L比(40.32±29.45)U/L,P=0.037]、DBil[(6.07±2.34)μmol/L比(4.73±1.83)μmol/L,P<0.001]、TBA[(16.98±2.48)μmol/L比(6.01±2.34)μmol/L,P=0.010]明显升高,CA[(0.59±0.49)μmol/L比(0.40±0.34)μmol/L,P=0.007]、GCA[(2.41±1.04)μmol/L比(1.52±0.70)μmol/L,P<0.001]、GDCA[(0.92±0.35)μmol/L比(0.67±0.37)μmol/L,P<0.001]、GCDCA[(2.14±0.89)μmol/L比(1.67±0.56)μmol/L,P<0.001]也升高,且AST、DBil、GCA、GDCA、GCDCA为HBV并发ICP的主要危险因素(P<0.05);AST、DBil、GCA对HBV并发ICP诊断价值较高(分别AUC 0.747、0.725、0.761);GCDCA、GDCA的诊断价值一般(AUC 0.667、0.688)。结论胆汁酸谱GCA、GCDCA、GDCA亚型升高及AST、DBil升高均是HBV感染孕妇并发ICP发生的主要危险因素,且GCA的预测诊断价值最高,临床应结合肝功能指标综合诊断。