Objective: To evaluate the in vivo antischistosomal activities of the crude extracts of Echinops kebericho Mesfin(E. kebericho) root and Hagenia abyssinica(Bruce) J.F. Gmel(H. abyssinica) flower. Methods: Mice were in...Objective: To evaluate the in vivo antischistosomal activities of the crude extracts of Echinops kebericho Mesfin(E. kebericho) root and Hagenia abyssinica(Bruce) J.F. Gmel(H. abyssinica) flower. Methods: Mice were infected with(150 ± 10) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae by paddling technique. Crude extracts were administered orally for five consecutive days at doses of 300, 600 and 1 200 mg/kg/day along with 200 mg/kg/day praziquantel and 3% tween 80 given as a control. Results: E. kebericho root extract showed a statistically significant(P < 0.05) reduction in fecal egg count of 64.44%, 42.96% & 26.82% and worm burden of 65.71%, 47.86% & 31.43% at treatment doses of 1 200 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. Similarly, H. abyssinica flower extracts showed a significant(P < 0.05) reduction in fecal egg count up to 84.57%, 77.06% & 63.89% and worm burden of 91.43%, 81.43% & 70.71% at a respective dose levels. In addition, a significant(P < 0.05) reduction in liver granuloma score was observed in all H. abyssinica administered dose groups and E. kebericho at 1 200 mg/kg/day dose group as compared to infected untreated control group. Conclusions: H. abyssinica and E. kebericho crude extracts show a promising antischistosomal activity.展开更多
Background: E. persicus which is well-known as Shakarook in local Persian botany and is extensively utilized in different parts of in Iran. Materials and methods: Essential oils from the aerial parts of Echinops persi...Background: E. persicus which is well-known as Shakarook in local Persian botany and is extensively utilized in different parts of in Iran. Materials and methods: Essential oils from the aerial parts of Echinops persicus were isolated using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods and the respective chemical profiles were analyzed by means of GC-MS technique. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of E. persicus were investigated via using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay as well as agar well-diffusion methods. The minimun inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the methanol extracts of E. persicus against the test microorganisms were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results: GC-MS essential oils analysis shows 29 and 36 compounds constituting 91.9% and 98.2% of the total oils using HD and MAHD methods, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol extracts of E. persicus exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than vitamin C with an IC50 value of 0.42 ± 0.16 μg/mL. Moreover, the prepared methanol extracts preliminarily showed promising antimicrobial activities against S. aureus with the MIC value of 6.2 mg/mL. Conclusion: This study confirms that the methanol extract of E. persicus plant exhibits considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro.展开更多
Background： TB （Tuberculosis） is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV （human immunodeficiency virus）. Its incidence is worsened by development of multi-drag resistant and extensive drug resistan...Background： TB （Tuberculosis） is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV （human immunodeficiency virus）. Its incidence is worsened by development of multi-drag resistant and extensive drug resistant TB stxains. Available treatment regimens are expensive, toxic and lengtjy resulting to problems of non-adherence and inadequate response. Medicinal plants on the other hand may offer hope for developing alternative medicine for treatment of TB. This study evaluated the anti-tuberculosis activity of Echinops amplexicaulis. Materials and methods： Total crude extracts ofE. amplexicaulis were tested for activity against a wild strain resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid （MDR）, a fully susceptible laboratory strain （H37Rv） and Mycobacwrium boris （BCG strain） using disk diffusion method. MIC （minimum inhibitory concentration） was determined using Middlebrook 7H9 broil1. The strains were sub-cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and MBC （minimum bactericidal concentration） determined. Susceptibility was evaluated by measuring zones of inhibition; MIC was obtained as the lowest concentration with no significant growth as shown by clog formation ofMTB （Mycobacwria tuberculosis） cells on the walls of the macro broth tube and MBC was obtained as the lowest concentration that inhibited growth of MTB colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Results： The extract showed a significant effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL against all the three test strains F （2, 18） = 437.7, p = 0.00. It exhibited a MIC of 0.0488 mg/mL against MDR-TB and M. boris. Its MBC was the same at 0.0977 mg/mL against both MDR TB and M. boris. The MIC was much lower （0.0122 mg/mL） for the H37Rv strain. Terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins were present in large amount in the extract while saponins were present in small amounts. Flavonoids were not detected in the extract. Conclusion： E. amplexicaulis has the potential to be developed into new anti-TB drug and outcome of tile study supports the folkloric claims of anti-tuberculosis activity of tile plant.展开更多
Background:Medicinal herbs have always been closely associated with human beings,and no one deny their medicinal effects and uses.There are over 7,500 plant species in the rich flora of Iran.This study,intends to inve...Background:Medicinal herbs have always been closely associated with human beings,and no one deny their medicinal effects and uses.There are over 7,500 plant species in the rich flora of Iran.This study,intends to investigate the anti-bacterial properties of three different plant species from Iranian flora,including Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss.Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was performed after confirmation and identification of collected plants.The plants were dried in the shade for extraction.Then the methanol extract of these plants was extracted by the classical extraction method.The plants’antimicrobial effects of the plants were evaluated by agar disk diffusion,minimum inhibitory concentration,and minimum bactericidal concentration.The mentioned plants’anti-bacterial activity was compared with the antibiotic discs of gentamicin(10 mg)and vancomycin(30 mg).SPSS software v20 was used for data analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests(P<0.05).Results:The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained from the methanol extract of Cardamine uliginosa on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 15.62 mg/mL for methanol extracts of Echinops persicus and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss on S.aureus and E.coli at 31.25 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL,respectively.The highest diameter of inhibition zone caused by methanol extract of Cardamine uiliginosa was against S.aureus and E.coli with an inhibition zone of 23.9±0.29 mm and 20.4±0.43 mm,respectively.Compared with the antibiotics gentamicin and vancomycin,the Cardamine uliginosa showed a stronger inhibitory effect(P<0.05).Conclusion:Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss have anti-bacterial properties.The anti-bacterial property of Cardamine uilignosa is higher than the other two herbal medicine.展开更多
Echinops latifolius Tausch(ELT)is the traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis,and the ambiguous composition of active ingredients is an important factor in restricting the modernization and gl...Echinops latifolius Tausch(ELT)is the traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis,and the ambiguous composition of active ingredients is an important factor in restricting the modernization and globalization of this herb.Considering the traditional activity screening strategy is time-consuming and labor intensive,online HPLC active ingredient detection coupled with ESI-IT-TOF-MS^(n) strategy was employed in this study to isolate,identify and screen active compounds from the herbal medicines at the same time.The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was elucidated as well.Owing to the association of osteoporosis progression and oxidative stress,the antioxidants screening from ELT could be a good interpretive of the active substance in this herb.Meanwhile,DPPH equivalent method was an indicative of the most powerful antioxidant in ELT.Consequently,the screening and identification of the antioxidants in ELT was performed by using on-line HPLC-radical scavenging detection coupled with ESI-IT-TOF-MS^(n) strategy,and the structure-activity relationship was investigated based on DPPH equivalent method.Finally,20 constituents(including apigenin glucosides,caffeic acid,biscaffeoylquinic acids,biscaffeoylquinic acid methyl esters,ect.)were characterized in ELT extracts,and 18 components showed appreciable radical scavenging capacity.In addition,the structure-activity relationship study was carried out based on 14 compounds isolated from our laboratory,and the structural requirements of the compounds on antioxidant activity were obtained:(1)compounds with phenolic hydroxyl groups could have antioxidant activity;(2)the antioxidant activity could not be facilitated by the number of hydroxyl groups,but affected by the number of caffeoyl groups;(3)the substitution position of caffeoyl on quinic acid had a greater influence on DPPH activity;(4)methoxy groups could reduce the antioxidant activity.Collectively,this work provided the biochemical perspective to link active compounds and anti-osteoporosis action of ELT,and further explained how ELT worked in osteoporosis patients with bone loss.展开更多
Melanin A, a new pentacyclic triterpene of ursane series isolated from the aerial parts of Echinops Gemini, is elucidated structurally as 1 on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies.
Echinops kebericho, endemic to Ethiopia, is a critically endangered medicinal plant. It is among the most important medicinal plants of the country, valued primarily for its root parts. The commercial harvesting and s...Echinops kebericho, endemic to Ethiopia, is a critically endangered medicinal plant. It is among the most important medicinal plants of the country, valued primarily for its root parts. The commercial harvesting and sale of roots of E. kebericho have threatened local populations. This study aimed to develop micropropagation protocol for E. kebericho using shoot tip explants. The study started with seed germination test using seeds stored for different months. Shoot tips from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on shoot initiation MS media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l BAP or KN alone. Explants were cultured on shoot proliferation media fortified with Kinetin, BAP, and TDZ each at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l either alone or in combination with 0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l NAA. For rooting, full, half and 1/3 strength MS media supplemented with IBA and NAA alone each at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/l were used. Growth regulator free MS medium was used as control. Study results showed that 100% germination was recorded in fresh seeds and dropped as low as 65.18% and 22.3% for 3 and 5 months seeds respectively. 1.0 mg/l KN and 0.5 mg/l KN + 0.1 mg/l NAA showed maximum shoot proliferation on shoot induction media and shoot multiplication media respectively. Best rooting was obtained on 1/3 MS containing 1.5 mg/l NAA with 8.23 roots and 4.82 cm root length and established under greenhouse with 83% survival.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the in vivo antischistosomal activities of the crude extracts of Echinops kebericho Mesfin(E. kebericho) root and Hagenia abyssinica(Bruce) J.F. Gmel(H. abyssinica) flower. Methods: Mice were infected with(150 ± 10) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae by paddling technique. Crude extracts were administered orally for five consecutive days at doses of 300, 600 and 1 200 mg/kg/day along with 200 mg/kg/day praziquantel and 3% tween 80 given as a control. Results: E. kebericho root extract showed a statistically significant(P < 0.05) reduction in fecal egg count of 64.44%, 42.96% & 26.82% and worm burden of 65.71%, 47.86% & 31.43% at treatment doses of 1 200 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. Similarly, H. abyssinica flower extracts showed a significant(P < 0.05) reduction in fecal egg count up to 84.57%, 77.06% & 63.89% and worm burden of 91.43%, 81.43% & 70.71% at a respective dose levels. In addition, a significant(P < 0.05) reduction in liver granuloma score was observed in all H. abyssinica administered dose groups and E. kebericho at 1 200 mg/kg/day dose group as compared to infected untreated control group. Conclusions: H. abyssinica and E. kebericho crude extracts show a promising antischistosomal activity.
文摘Background: E. persicus which is well-known as Shakarook in local Persian botany and is extensively utilized in different parts of in Iran. Materials and methods: Essential oils from the aerial parts of Echinops persicus were isolated using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods and the respective chemical profiles were analyzed by means of GC-MS technique. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of E. persicus were investigated via using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay as well as agar well-diffusion methods. The minimun inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the methanol extracts of E. persicus against the test microorganisms were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results: GC-MS essential oils analysis shows 29 and 36 compounds constituting 91.9% and 98.2% of the total oils using HD and MAHD methods, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol extracts of E. persicus exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than vitamin C with an IC50 value of 0.42 ± 0.16 μg/mL. Moreover, the prepared methanol extracts preliminarily showed promising antimicrobial activities against S. aureus with the MIC value of 6.2 mg/mL. Conclusion: This study confirms that the methanol extract of E. persicus plant exhibits considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro.
文摘Background： TB （Tuberculosis） is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV （human immunodeficiency virus）. Its incidence is worsened by development of multi-drag resistant and extensive drug resistant TB stxains. Available treatment regimens are expensive, toxic and lengtjy resulting to problems of non-adherence and inadequate response. Medicinal plants on the other hand may offer hope for developing alternative medicine for treatment of TB. This study evaluated the anti-tuberculosis activity of Echinops amplexicaulis. Materials and methods： Total crude extracts ofE. amplexicaulis were tested for activity against a wild strain resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid （MDR）, a fully susceptible laboratory strain （H37Rv） and Mycobacwrium boris （BCG strain） using disk diffusion method. MIC （minimum inhibitory concentration） was determined using Middlebrook 7H9 broil1. The strains were sub-cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and MBC （minimum bactericidal concentration） determined. Susceptibility was evaluated by measuring zones of inhibition; MIC was obtained as the lowest concentration with no significant growth as shown by clog formation ofMTB （Mycobacwria tuberculosis） cells on the walls of the macro broth tube and MBC was obtained as the lowest concentration that inhibited growth of MTB colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Results： The extract showed a significant effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL against all the three test strains F （2, 18） = 437.7, p = 0.00. It exhibited a MIC of 0.0488 mg/mL against MDR-TB and M. boris. Its MBC was the same at 0.0977 mg/mL against both MDR TB and M. boris. The MIC was much lower （0.0122 mg/mL） for the H37Rv strain. Terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins were present in large amount in the extract while saponins were present in small amounts. Flavonoids were not detected in the extract. Conclusion： E. amplexicaulis has the potential to be developed into new anti-TB drug and outcome of tile study supports the folkloric claims of anti-tuberculosis activity of tile plant.
文摘Background:Medicinal herbs have always been closely associated with human beings,and no one deny their medicinal effects and uses.There are over 7,500 plant species in the rich flora of Iran.This study,intends to investigate the anti-bacterial properties of three different plant species from Iranian flora,including Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss.Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was performed after confirmation and identification of collected plants.The plants were dried in the shade for extraction.Then the methanol extract of these plants was extracted by the classical extraction method.The plants’antimicrobial effects of the plants were evaluated by agar disk diffusion,minimum inhibitory concentration,and minimum bactericidal concentration.The mentioned plants’anti-bacterial activity was compared with the antibiotic discs of gentamicin(10 mg)and vancomycin(30 mg).SPSS software v20 was used for data analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests(P<0.05).Results:The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained from the methanol extract of Cardamine uliginosa on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 15.62 mg/mL for methanol extracts of Echinops persicus and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss on S.aureus and E.coli at 31.25 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL,respectively.The highest diameter of inhibition zone caused by methanol extract of Cardamine uiliginosa was against S.aureus and E.coli with an inhibition zone of 23.9±0.29 mm and 20.4±0.43 mm,respectively.Compared with the antibiotics gentamicin and vancomycin,the Cardamine uliginosa showed a stronger inhibitory effect(P<0.05).Conclusion:Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss have anti-bacterial properties.The anti-bacterial property of Cardamine uilignosa is higher than the other two herbal medicine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81860756,81960758)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2017MS08122,2019MS08111 and 2019MS08119)+2 种基金Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Innovation Guide Project(Grant No.02039001)Rolling Support Plan for Grassland Talents Project in Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionInner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education Science Research Project(Grant No.NJZY19099)。
文摘Echinops latifolius Tausch(ELT)is the traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis,and the ambiguous composition of active ingredients is an important factor in restricting the modernization and globalization of this herb.Considering the traditional activity screening strategy is time-consuming and labor intensive,online HPLC active ingredient detection coupled with ESI-IT-TOF-MS^(n) strategy was employed in this study to isolate,identify and screen active compounds from the herbal medicines at the same time.The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was elucidated as well.Owing to the association of osteoporosis progression and oxidative stress,the antioxidants screening from ELT could be a good interpretive of the active substance in this herb.Meanwhile,DPPH equivalent method was an indicative of the most powerful antioxidant in ELT.Consequently,the screening and identification of the antioxidants in ELT was performed by using on-line HPLC-radical scavenging detection coupled with ESI-IT-TOF-MS^(n) strategy,and the structure-activity relationship was investigated based on DPPH equivalent method.Finally,20 constituents(including apigenin glucosides,caffeic acid,biscaffeoylquinic acids,biscaffeoylquinic acid methyl esters,ect.)were characterized in ELT extracts,and 18 components showed appreciable radical scavenging capacity.In addition,the structure-activity relationship study was carried out based on 14 compounds isolated from our laboratory,and the structural requirements of the compounds on antioxidant activity were obtained:(1)compounds with phenolic hydroxyl groups could have antioxidant activity;(2)the antioxidant activity could not be facilitated by the number of hydroxyl groups,but affected by the number of caffeoyl groups;(3)the substitution position of caffeoyl on quinic acid had a greater influence on DPPH activity;(4)methoxy groups could reduce the antioxidant activity.Collectively,this work provided the biochemical perspective to link active compounds and anti-osteoporosis action of ELT,and further explained how ELT worked in osteoporosis patients with bone loss.
文摘Melanin A, a new pentacyclic triterpene of ursane series isolated from the aerial parts of Echinops Gemini, is elucidated structurally as 1 on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies.
文摘Echinops kebericho, endemic to Ethiopia, is a critically endangered medicinal plant. It is among the most important medicinal plants of the country, valued primarily for its root parts. The commercial harvesting and sale of roots of E. kebericho have threatened local populations. This study aimed to develop micropropagation protocol for E. kebericho using shoot tip explants. The study started with seed germination test using seeds stored for different months. Shoot tips from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on shoot initiation MS media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l BAP or KN alone. Explants were cultured on shoot proliferation media fortified with Kinetin, BAP, and TDZ each at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l either alone or in combination with 0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l NAA. For rooting, full, half and 1/3 strength MS media supplemented with IBA and NAA alone each at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/l were used. Growth regulator free MS medium was used as control. Study results showed that 100% germination was recorded in fresh seeds and dropped as low as 65.18% and 22.3% for 3 and 5 months seeds respectively. 1.0 mg/l KN and 0.5 mg/l KN + 0.1 mg/l NAA showed maximum shoot proliferation on shoot induction media and shoot multiplication media respectively. Best rooting was obtained on 1/3 MS containing 1.5 mg/l NAA with 8.23 roots and 4.82 cm root length and established under greenhouse with 83% survival.
