Seemingly maladaptive refraining from infanticidal probing at the third parasitism attack by the semi-solitary parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）

We assessed the adaptiveness of refraining from infanticidal probing at the third attack under triple parasitism in the parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii Perkins, by comparing fitness returns from the third attack with and without probing. Fitness returns were assessed in terms of the survival rate, mean developmental time, and mean adult head width of the progenies. Not probing was maladaptive under triple parasitism with oviposition intervals of 1/24 and 24/24 hours （where the numbers before and after the slash refer to the first-to-second and second-to-third oviposition intervals, respectively）, although no significant difference was detected in fitness returns for oviposition intervals of 24/1 hours. We suggest that the cost of probing （especially the decrease in the chance of future ovipositions） is a reason for the seemingly maladaptive absence of probing.

三种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用

【目的】探明两色食虱螯蜂Echthrodelphax fairchildii、黄腿双距螯蜂Gonatopus flavifemur和稻虱红单节螯蜂Haplogonatopus apicalis 3种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用。【方法】在非选择条件下,分别以褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus、黑尾叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps和伪褐飞虱Nilaparvata muiri为寄主,观察两色食虱螯蜂、黄腿双距螯蜂和稻虱红单节螯蜂的取食、寄生以及子代生长发育情况;并在选择条件下观察3种螯蜂对稻飞虱的寄主选择性,评价螯蜂的寄主偏好性。根据以上试验,评出3种螯蜂各自的适宜寄主;并选择适宜寄主测定3种螯蜂的寿命、取食量和寄生量,评价其控害作用。【结果】两色食虱螯蜂可取食和寄生褐飞虱、灰飞虱、白背飞虱和伪褐飞虱,以前3种为两色食虱螯蜂的适宜寄主,伪褐飞虱次之;黑尾叶蝉为其非取食、寄生寄主。黄腿双距螯蜂可取食和寄生4种飞虱:褐飞虱和灰飞虱适合性较高,白背飞虱次之,伪褐飞虱最差。黑尾叶蝉可为黄腿双距螯蜂的取食寄主,但非寄生寄主。稻虱红单节螯蜂以白背飞虱为最适寄主,灰飞虱次之;其他3种寄主仅能被稻虱红单节螯蜂取食,不能被成功寄生。在适宜寄主上,稻虱红单节螯蜂雌虫的寿命、总取食和寄生合计量均最高,两色食虱螯蜂的最低,黄腿双距螯蜂的居中;3种螯蜂日均取食量和寄生量的消长动态波动幅度不大。【结论】两色食虱螯蜂偏好寄生褐飞虱、灰飞虱和白背飞虱,控害作用相对最弱;黄腿双距螯蜂偏好寄生褐飞虱和灰飞虱,控害作用居中;稻虱红单节螯蜂偏好寄生白背飞虱,控害作用最强。