Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Resources and Protection of Ecological Environment in Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province

Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of

Changes of groundwater flow field of Luanhe River Delta under the human activities and its impact on the ecological environment in the past 30 years

The Luanhe River Delta is located in the center of the Circum-Bohai Sea Economic Zone.It enjoys rapid economic and social development while suffering relatively water scarcity.The overexploitation of groundwater in the Luanhe River Delta in recent years has caused the continuous drop of groundwater level and serious environmental and geological problems.This study systematically analyzes the evolution characteristics of the population,economy,and groundwater exploitation in the Luanhe River Delta and summarizes the change patterns of the groundwater flow regime in different aquifers in the Luanhe River Delta according to previous water resource assessment data as well as the latest groundwater survey results.Through comparison of major source/sink terms and groundwater resources,the study reveals the impacts of human activities on the groundwater resources and ecological environment in the study area over the past 30 years from 1990 to 2020.The results are as follows.The average annual drop rate of shallow groundwater and the deep groundwater in the centers of depression cones is 0.4 m and 1.64 m,respectively in the Luanhe River Delta in the past 30 years.The depression cones of shallow and deep groundwater in the study area cover an area of 545.32 km^(2)and 548.79 km^(2),respectively,accounting for more than 10%of the total area of the Luanhe River Delta.Overexploitation of groundwater has further aggravated land subsidence.As a result,two large-scale subsidence centers have formed,with a maximum subsidence rate of up to 120 mm/a.The drop of groundwater level has induced some ecological problems in the Luanhe River Delta area,such as the zero flow and water quality deterioration of rivers and continuous shrinkage of natural wetlands and water.Meanwhile,the proportion of natural wetland area to the total wetland area has been decreased from 99%to 8%and the water area from 1776 km^(2)to 263 km^(2).These results will provide data for groundwater overexploitation control,land subsidence prevention,and ecological restoration in plains and provide services for water resources management and national land space planning.

Importance of Comprehensive Ecological Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmland,Lakes and Grass:A Case Study of the Shichuan River

With China's economic development and population growth,China's ecological environment continues to deteriorate.The comprehensive ecosystem restoration of the Shichuan River aims to build an ecosystem containing"mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes and grass"by determining scientific and reasonable thickness of foreign soil,pollution restoration,ecological reconstruction,safeguard measures,etc.It brings new vitality to local ecological environment remodeling and economic development.

Thoughts and Practice of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it was necessary to establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,treat the ecological environment as life,and coordinate the management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.In recent years,China has organized a series of pilot projects for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,breaking the boundary between administrative divisions,departmental management and ecological elements,and implementing conservation and restoration oriented towards the improvement of ecosystem services,so as to solve the problem of the lack of overall planning for ecological protection and restoration projects and the separated management of ecological elements.This study systematically elaborated the theoretical basis and connotation characteristics of ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.It proposed the implementation path of ecological protection and restoration project of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands by taking the water source conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case,so as to provide reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in various regions.

Determining the groundwater basin and surface watershed boundary of Dalinuoer Lake in the middle of Inner Mongolian Plateau,China and its impacts on the ecological environment

The surface watershed and groundwater basin have fixed recharge scale,which are not only the basic unit for hydrologic cycle research but also control the water resources formation and evolution and its corresponding eco-geological environment pattern.To accurately identify the boundary of the surface watershed and groundwater basin is the basis for properly understanding hydrologic cycle and conducting the water balance analysis at watershed scale in complicated geologic structure area,especially when the boundary are inconsistent.In this study,the Dalinuoer Lake located in the middle of the Inner Mongolian Plateau which has complicated geologic structure was selected as the representative case.Based on the multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis of topography,tectonics,hydrogeology,groundwater dynamics and stable isotopes,the results suggest the following:(1)The surface watershed ridge and groundwater basin divide of Dalinuoer Lake are inconsistent.The surface watershed was divided into two separate groundwater systems almost having no groundwater exchange by the SW-NE Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault which has obvious water-blocking effect.The surface drainage area of Dalinuoer Lake is 6139 km^(2).The northern regional A is the Dalinuoer Lake groundwater system with an area of 4838 km^(2),and the southern regional B is the Xilamulun Riverhead groundwater system with an area of 1301 km^(2).(2)The groundwater in the southern of regional A and the spring-feeding river are the important recharge sources for the Dalinuoer Lake,and it has greater recharge effects than the northern Gonggeer River system.(3)It is speculated that the trend of Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault is the boundary of the westerlies and the East Asian summer Monsoon(EASM)climate systems,which further pinpoints the predecessor’s understanding of this boundary line.At present,the Dalinuoer Lake watershed is proved to have gone through a prominent warming-drying trend periods,which leads to the precipitation reduction,temperature rise,human activities water usage increasement.So the hydrological cycle and lake eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change,which may pose the potential deterioration risk on the suitability of fish habitat.The results can provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution and lake area shrinkage cause as well as the ecological protection and restoration implementation of Dalinuoer Lake watershed.

The Ecological Environment Problems and Countermeasures of Resources Development and Economy Development in Tibet "One River and Two Streams" Agricultural Ecological Basin during the New Period

The integrated development of Tibet "one river and two streams" agricultural ecological basin should control the generated environmental problems and prevent new environmental problems,thereby promoting coordinated development of agricultural economy in the region. It is very necessary and urgent to explore main environmental problems of Tibet " one river and two streams" agricultural ecological basin and effective countermeasures. When developing resources and economy,the principle of combining prevention with control,dominated by prevention and integrated control should be followed; regional advantages,characteristics and environmental self restoring ability should be sufficiently played and used; the policy of integrated prevention and utilization should be used; compensation method,prevention control measures and planning assumption for main environmental problems should be proposed,which could prevent that systemic development of Tibet " one river and two streams" agricultural ecological basin takes the old path of " firstly destroying and then controlling".

Evaluation of Coordinated Development of Urbanization and Ecological Environment in the Efficient Ecological Economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta

Based on the statistical data of urbanization development level and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta during 2009-2014,a comprehensive index system for the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment was established to evaluate the coordinated development level. The results showed that the coordinated development level of urbanization and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta was generally high during 2009-2014. The development level of urbanization was higher than that of ecological environment on the whole,that is,the development of ecological environment lagged behind. The development of urbanization in the region was relatively slow during 2009-2011 but rapid during 2012-2014. The development level of ecological environment was relatively stable and always increased.

Formation and water environmental evolution of the Nansihu Lake

Through high-resolution research of sedimental chronology and the sediment environmental indexes, such as graininess, minerals, magnetic parameters, pigment content, organic carbon and chronology in Ds-core and Ws-core in Nansihu Lake, the authors analyze the formation cause of the Nansihu Lake and its water environmental changes. Historical documents are also analyzed here in order to reach the conclusion. Researches indicate that the Nansihu Lake came into being about 2500 aBP and its evolution succession can be divided into four stages. In this evolution process, several scattered lakes merge into one large lake in the east of China. This process is distinctively affected by the overflow of the Yellow River, the excavation of the Grand Canal and other human activities.

Evaluation on Current Situation of the Water Ecology of the Main Rivers and Lakes in the Liaohe River Basin

In this paper,15 rivers and 10 lake reservoirs in the Liaohe River basin were taken as research objects. Based on six indexes: satisfaction situation of ecological water demand,standard-reaching rate of water quality in water function area,eutrophication index of lakes and reservoirs,longitudinal connectivity of rivers,reserve rate of important wetlands and status of important aquatic habitat,water ecological conditions of main rivers and lakes in the basin were evaluated. The results showed that the rivers with better ecology were mainly distributed in east mountainous area of Liaoning,such as the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Taizi River;the problems of water pollution,ecological water shortage and habitat shrinkage were widespread in the Liaohe River basin,and the situation of water ecological security in the Liaohe River basin still faced great pressure.

A PREDICTION ABOUT THE EFFECT OF THE BUILDING OF SHUIKOU HYDROPOWER STATION ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDDLE-LOWER REACHES OF THE MINJIANG RIVER

The building of Shuikou Hydropower Station in the Minjiang River is the largest one in the region of east China. Its install capacity is 1.4 million kw., and its generated energy of planning is 4.95 billion kwh each year. In accordance with a comprehensive survey of the valley of the middle-lower reaches of the Minjiang River and the characteristic of hydrography and in association with the specific type of the hydrography station, we can be sure that no harm will be done to the ecological environment when a hydropower station is built at Shuikou. Not only the deposition of silt within the reservoir must not be very serious, it is also more favorable than before for the irrigation of farmland on plains in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River and inland navigation.In addition, after the completion of the power station, the ecological environment will be the same as before both at the Minjiang River estuary and beyond it.

ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF TARIM RIVER AND ITS PROTECTIVE PROGRAMME

Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia,the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions. Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas,it is a comparatively big ecosystem.Due to the human effect during the recent 30 years,especially the lack of overall planning of exploitation and utilization of water resources and poor awareness of ecologic protection, resources of the whole reaches and its ecologic environment is deteriorating, which rouses the attention from home and abroad.The programme being carried out is based on protecting the ecologic environment of the reaches of the Tarim River. The task is to protect ecologic environment,improve and restore the existing natural vegetation in order to prevent land desertification.

The Effects of Pen Fish Culture on the Ecological Environments of Taihu Lake

Effects of pen fish culture in Taihu lake were studied and summarized. During 1984 to 2001, pen fish culture of Taihu lake developed from extensive models to intensive and high-returned ones, the cultured species were shifted from fishes to crabs. Pen fish culture has caused eutrophication and detrimental effect to the ecological environment and fishery. The measures of sustainable development for pen fish culture and ecological environment protection were suggested.

Changes in Ecological Environment of the Tarim River Confirmed by Tree Rings

The tree ring is an important carrier of the evolution of climate in the study of global change.It enjoys advantages of accurate dating,strong continuity,high resolution ratio and high reconstruction precision.This paper tested the changes of Populus euphratica tree ring and the runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River through the monotonic trend and analyzed the response of the tree ring in the lower reaches of the Tarim River to the water supply through the combined tree ring data and the historical literature,so as to confirm the accuracy of the response of Populus euphratica tree ring to river diversion.The results were included as follows.(1)From 1957 to 2010,the radial growth of Populus euphratica in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River decreased gradually in the time series,which was the same as the runoff.The downtrend was significant,and|Zc|was more than 0.96.(2)From1913 to 2000,the radial growth of Populus euphratica as a whole in the lower reaches of the Tarim River decreased.The downtrend was significant between 1973 and 2001,reaching the lowest level in the past 100years.The formation and diversion of the Layi River was as described in the historical literature.(3)The development of the ecological water delivery project has improved the ecological environment of the lower reaches,which has been verified from the Populus euphratica tree ring in the lower reaches.However,despite the ecological water delivery project in recent years,the growth of Populus euphratica tree ring has not reached to the level before 1920,indicating that the existing ecological water delivery is of limited value in recovering desert riparian forest.(4)In the analysis of the response of the Populus euphratica to the water resources,the wavelet analysis method and the historical literature review method have drawn the same conclusion.

Sea level change and environmental evolution of coastal lakes in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica

Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorphology and physic chemistry, as well as features of biological community structures in different lakes were analyzed. Marine macro and micro fossils collected from the terraces and beaches surrounding these lakes and determined in 14 C radiocarbon ages to be the Late Pleistocene, were used as evidences to show the evolutionary processes of the lakes after sea level changes and transgressions since 18000 a B.P.. Basic modals of evolution for the lakes given in the paper could be regarded as not only explaining the history of environmental and ecological changes in VH lakes, and also reflecting of local environmental evolution in Antarctic region and global climate changes from past to present time.

Three Gorges Project:a project for ecological improvement and environmental protection in Yangtze River Basin

Seeking water and earning their livelihoods is the natural selection of human beings.Like other rivers on the earth,the Yangtze River is the birthplace of human civilization and survival.As an ecosystem,the Yangtze River Basin is evolving under the influences of natural factors and human activities.Because of soil erosion,pollution and human activities,the imbalance of secondary environment is exacerbated and the ecological environment has become more vulnerable,so it is urgent to mitigate and prevent the ecological crisis.The practice has proved that implementation of engineering measures is an effective way to improve the ecological environment.The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion m 3,effectively storing the flood water upstream of Yichang,and protects 15 million people and 1.5 million hm 2 farmland.Furthermore,the project can prevent or slow down the sedimentation and shrinkage of the lakes in the middle Yangtze River such as Dongting Lake;with an average annual power generation of about 90 billion kW· h,it can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful gas like CO 2.In general,the construction of TGP is conducive to the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin and China,even the world.

On the Regional Ecological Planning of the Ancient Yellow River Course in Shangqiu City

This paper analyzed the problems of eco-environment along the ancient Yellow River course and, by combining with the planning scheme of ecological projects of the ancient Yellow River course in Shangqiu City, discussed its ecological planning ways in terms of the principles, objectives, methods and contents of the ecological planning and design to promote the regional eco-environment construction of the ancient Yellow River course.

Analysis on Strategic Future of Application of Agricultural Ecological Source in Control on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution in Xi River Area in Guangxi

Non-point source pollution has become a hot issue on aquatic ecological environment at home and abroad. The research analyzed the challenges confronted by Xi River and proposed to construct agricultural ecological source in middle and upper reaches of the Xi River from the perspectives of scientific layout, legal construction, routine monitoring, technology integration, and coordination system in order to promote sustainable development of eco-environment in Xi River.