Review of Research on the Development of Tourism Resources in Ecological Economic Zone of Poyang Lake

Based on analyzing and summarizing the previous research results,the existing problems in the researches of tourism resources development in the ecological economic zone of Poyang Lake were analyzed. And then the research trend in the future was pointed out.

Succession of nine plateau lakes and regulation of ecological safety in Yunnan Province

The Nine plateau lakes are those lakes whose areas are larger than 30km2 in Yunnan province.These lakes are Dianchi Lake,Erhai Lake,Fuxian Lake,Chenghai Lake,Lugu Lake,Qilu Lake,Xingyun Lake,Yangzonghai Lake,and Yilong Lake.The nine plateau lakes are important for economic development and for ecological security.However,all lakes are facing different environmental issues such as eutrophication and water quality degradation.Different strategies should be proposed according to the various conditions of the lakes.Three types of prevention,control and treatment strategies were proposed based on the succession process,the ecology stages,the economic and social development,the eutrophication stages,the water qualities,and the dominant ecological functions.

Innovative Development of Fishery and Ecological Protection of Poyang Lake

Fishery is an essential part of economic and ecological civilization construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. Taking fishery development and ecological protection of Poyang Lake as research object,this paper elaborated the relation between fishery development and ecological protection from physiological characteristics and functions of fish species by the method of field survey and consulting related data. Finally,it came up with recommendations of increasing plagiognathops microlepis and Xenocypris davidi Bleeker and adopting and deepening healthy ecological and water body stratification. Besides,government organizations,local supervision authorities,scientific research institutions,and enterprise operating entities should jointly maintain and promote breakthrough mechanism for ecological balance of Poyang Lake water system.

Evaluation of Fragility of the Economic System in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone

From two aspects,namely the sensitivity of regional economic system to internal and external interference,and its resilience,we establish the evaluation indicator system of fragility of the economic system in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone,and evaluate the internal differences in fragility of the regional economic system,using set pair analysis method. The results show that there is a great difference in fragility of the economic system between different administrative units; the difference in resilience is the major factor responsible for difference in fragility of the economic system in various cities and counties within the region; according to the difference in fragility characteristics,we conduct classification as follows: Nanchang City is a low-sensitivity and high-resilience type; Jiujiang City is a high-sensitivity and high-resilience type; Jiujiang County,Xingzi County,Yongxiu County,Hukou County,Duchang County,Ruichang County,De'an Xian,Wuning County,Pengze County,Leping City, Dongxiang County,Fengcheng City and Gao'an City are a high-sensitivity and low-resilience type; other cities and counties are a low-sensitivity and low-resilience type.

Development of Ecological Fishery in Poyang Lake Area

Through in-depth analysis on history and current situations of fishery development in Poyang Lake area,this paper presents location,resource and environment advantages in development of ecological fishery.According to orientation of leading functions,Poyang Lake can be divided into breeding development,capture operation,enhancement protection and ecological rehabilitation functional zones.In accordance with industrial foundation and ecological advantages of cities and counties in Poyang Lake,it determines the reasonable distribution of 8 leading industries:river crabs,shrimps(Procambarus clarkia),eels,Pengze crucian carp,Siniperca chuatsi,Channa argus,Ietalurus Punetaus,and pearl.On the basis of systematically summing up exploration experience,it comes up with the development path"ecology oriented fishery and industrialization oriented ecological fishery"for ecological fishery in Poyang Lake area.It proposes a series of key technological measures,including reducing fertilizer and drugs,increasing output and benefits,low consumption and emission,high quality and safety,and standardization,to realize a benign cycle of"cost saving,benefit increasing,quality improving and low carbon"and the multi-win objective of coordination between ecology,economy and society.

Emergy Analysis of Agro-ecosystem in Poyang Lake Area

By using emergy analysis theory and methods, we conduct quantitative analysis on the input and output of emergy, and sustainable development of agro-ecological system in Poyang Lake Area. The results show that compared with the national average, the environmental loading ratio is relatively low in this area; the net emergy yield rate is high; the sustainable development ability is strong. Finally according to the results of emergy analysis, corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows: develop agriculture based on the existing rich natural resources; increase technological inputs; develop circular agriculture; promote sustainable agricultural development.

Geochemical Characteristic and Fluxes of Trace Metals in the Poyang Lake Water System

The heavy metal pollution caused by human activities in river system has become a topic of great concern to multidisciplinary research.Recently,as the economic booming and industrial development,more and more waste is charging into the river and lake in different ways,which would induce serious environmental problem.In this research,the Poyang Lake was selected as the research area,the content,

Ecological Environment in Terms of Human Behavior

In terms of human behavior,company and government policy,it is proposed that the ecological behavior of human being is the basis of influence on the ecological environment construction in Poyang Lake and measures to ensure the sustainable development of ecological environment in Poyang Lake.

鄱阳湖季节性氨氮水生生物生态风险评估

基于生态环境部颁布的《淡水水生生物水质基准—氨氮》提供的有限离散基准值,对鄱阳湖内6个测站在2018年的氨氮水生生物生态风险(RQ)进行量化评估,进一步讨论了水温和pH值对氨氮水生生物毒性的影响,提出了一种《淡水水生生物水质基准—氨氮》的运用思路,对鄱阳湖地区氨氮的治理提供了数据支撑和经验借鉴。结果表明:氨氮平均浓度最高出现在冬季,平均浓度最低出现在秋季;鄱阳湖夏季的短期水生生物水质基准(SWQC)和长期水生生物水质基准(LWQC)最低,春季的SWQC和LWQC最高;鄱阳湖夏季的长期水生生物生态风险LRQ>1,表明在夏季鄱阳湖的氨氮长期水生生物生态风险超过环境容许值;鄱阳湖夏季存在因水温和pH值的升高导致SWQC和LWQC降低,进而引发水生生物生态风险提高的问题。加强对鄱阳湖的pH值监控和预警应作为水资源管理的重点。

近40年鄱阳湖区“三生空间”格局转型与空间异质机制

洞察快速城市化进程下三生空间的转型规律和空间异质驱动机制,是湖域地区生产生活方式“绿色化”转变和国土空间规划高质量发展的重要基础,对于地区国土资源优化配置和生态系统韧性建设具有重要意义。以鄱阳湖区为研究对象,基于1980—2020年土地覆被遥感影像数据,从“空间结构-分布格局-空间功能”演变视角分析鄱阳湖区三生空间格局转型规律,并定量识别环湖区、近湖区和远湖区格局转型的空间异质机制。结果表明:(1)近40年鄱阳湖区三生空间格局转型具有显著的空间动态异质性,生产空间持续聚焦于湖滨及河流沿岸平原区,生活空间向各城市建成区蔓延集聚,生态空间存续于湖域及边缘山区丘陵地带。县域尺度格局转型同样呈显著的差异化演进格局,其中生态空间的收缩趋势呈现出由环湖向远湖逐渐衰减的态势;(2)尽管以生态空间为主导的结构基本面未改变,但生态空间在生产和生活空间侵占下持续减损,突出表现为大规模水域和林地生态空间被农业生产、工矿和城镇建设空间侵占;(3)功能指数转型中持续呈现出由环湖区向远湖区的梯度变化过程,证实了三生空间功能转型“湖泊效应”现象的存在;(4)城市化和工业化是环湖区和近湖区三生空间格局转型的关键驱动因子,而城市化和农业现代化主导了远湖区的三生空间格局转型,而城市人口集聚、经济增长、产业经济规模增长和农机使用水平等二级细分因素通过不同情景组合塑造了鄱阳湖区不同地域差异化的三生空间格局转型机制。研究结果为认识湖域地区独特的国土空间演进规律和因地而异的演化机制提供了新的视角,也为构建面向现代化的国土空间规划体系和“生产-生活-生态”协同的生态文明新格局提供了新的见解。

生态文明视野下鄱阳湖区水文化建设的路径

鄱阳湖区水文化是湖区生态文明的重要组成部分,主要包括渔文化、水利文化和水神信仰等,这一文化在历史上对湖区生态保护起到了积极作用。随着生产方式改变、科技发展以及教育普及,鄱阳湖区水文化发生了重大变化,与其他地区相比,鄱阳湖区水文化建设存在较大不足。应尝试进一步加大水文化遗产保护力度,重视加强湖区水文化宣传教育,建立水文化研究的专门队伍与平台,加强国际国内合作与交流等路径,解决当前湖区生态环境问题,实现湖区可持续发展,助力湖区生态文明建设。

林业病虫害发生原因及防治策略

本文结合林业病虫害发生的特点,总结分析了林业病虫害发生的主要原因,并提出了对应的防治策略。林业病虫害发生具有易发生难治理、种类多、为害大和易受环境因素影响等特点,林业病虫害发生与生态环境、树种结构、防治体系以及人为因素等有关。在防治策略方面,提出了应对环境变化、优化树种结构、加强监测预警和规范林业经营活动等综合防治方案。研究结果为林业病虫害的防治工作提供了有益参考和借鉴,对促进当地林业资源的健康发展具有重要意义。

鄱阳湖生态流量适宜性评估

近年来,鄱阳湖呈现出枯水期提前且持续时间延长的趋势,研究鄱阳湖生态流量需求是否得到满足至关重要。以鄱阳湖为研究对象,基于湖口水文站1950~2020年的资料数据,采用频率曲线法计算鄱阳湖年内生态流量,并从流量变化、持续时间和发生时间等方面构建了月流量偏差率、月生态流量满足度和月均生态流量适宜度3个生态流量适宜性评价指标,将这3个指标转换为一个综合指标对典型丰水年(2016年)、平水年(1997年)和枯水年(2004年)鄱阳湖的生态流量适宜性进行了评估。结果表明:①鄱阳湖生态流量呈单峰型季节变化趋势,谷值出现在12月份,为621.61 m^(3)/s,峰值出现在6月份,为4559.36 m^(3)/s,是谷值生态流量的7倍多。②在典型丰水年(2016年),鄱阳湖的生态流量适宜性综合指标为0.92~0.97,共有12个月的健康等级为“极佳”,实际径流量能够较好地满足生态流量的需求。③在典型平水年(1997年),适宜性综合指标最高为0.99,最低为0.73,共有11个月的健康等级为“极佳”,健康状态较为可观。④在典型枯水年(2004年),综合指标为0.39~0.99,鄱阳湖有2个月的健康等级达到“中等”或“差”,处于较差的健康状态。研究深入分析了鄱阳湖在不同典型年下的湖泊健康水平,突出了气候变化对湖区生态流量安全的潜在威胁,进而强调生态流量调控的紧迫性,为鄱阳湖生态系统管理和可持续发展提供了参考。

江西省鄱阳湖流域综合管理问题及建议

流域综合管理是生态文明建设的一项重要内容。根据江西省鄱阳湖流域综合管理机构设置、水资源管理、河湖长制、生态补偿制度、生态综合执法、法律法规等方面的现状,系统梳理了江西省鄱阳湖流域综合管理存在的问题,并提出推进流域机构设置,建立协调机制、统一规划、协同治理,健全流域法治体系等方面建议,可为江西省鄱阳湖流域综合管理提供参考。

环鄱阳湖城市群生态安全对产业结构升级的效应研究

生态安全是产业发展的重要基底因素,且在湖域城市群表现得尤为明显。基于2000—2019年环鄱阳湖城市群42个县(市、区)的面板数据,采用固定效应模型和中介模型分析生态安全对产业结构升级的直接效应和间接效应,并利用门限模型考察生态安全对产业结构升级影响的门槛特征。研究表明:(1)生态安全对产业结构合理化与高级化具有显著的促进作用,且这种作用受湖泊分区影响,呈现出由环湖核心区—边缘区—外围区逐渐递减的特征。(2)受生态安全的约束,FDI对产业结构合理化呈现出显著的负向完全中介效应,而对产业结构高级化呈现出显著的负向部分中介效应,表明生态安全和外部投资具有替代效应。(3)生态安全对产业结构升级存在以FDI为门槛的非线性效应。具体来说,生态安全对产业结构合理化存在单门限效应,而对产业结构高级化存在双门限效应,随着地区FDI水平的提高,生态安全对产业结构升级的促进作用逐渐增大。因此,湖域城市群可以借助生态优势汇聚外来资本,进而达到区域产业结构升级的目的。

2000-2019年鄱阳湖平原耕地利用生态风险评价及分区调控研究

[目的]以鄱阳湖平原为研究对象,评价其耕地利用生态风险特征进而划分生态风险区并提出针对性的调控对策,以期为促进耕地合理、高效、可持续利用进而保障粮食安全提供参考。[方法]基于PSR(风险源-受体状态-风险响应)模型选取指标,利用改进CRITIC法确定权重,借助状态空间模型评价耕地利用生态风险水平,根据评价结果划分6类生态风险调控区。[结果](1)2000-2019年鄱阳湖平原耕地利用生态风险水平呈先下降后上升的趋势,总体略有降低,大部分县区处于中风险区,较高风险和较低风险区次之,无高风险和低风险区。(2)风险源、受体状态和风险响应3个子系统呈现出不同的变化趋势,风险源指数先上升后下降,受体状态指数持续下降,风险响应指数先下降后上升,2019年3个子系统对耕地利用生态风险的贡献由高到低分别为风险响应、受体状态、风险源。(3)根据子系统评价结果划分风险源调控区、受体状态调控区和风险响应调控区,针对不同区域耕地利用的短板指标提出加强农用地污染监测、建设高标准农田等风险调控措施。[结论]鄱阳湖平原耕地利用生态风险有待进一步降低,未来应针对不同区域的生态风险差异精准施策。研究结果可为地方政府对鄱阳湖平原耕地管理提供思路和方法借鉴,同时也为其他相似地区耕地生态保护提供参考。

鄱阳湖典型底栖生物中微塑料的污染特征及生态风险评价

采集了鄱阳湖两种底栖动物(铜锈环棱螺、圆顶珠蚌)样品,通过消解组织、密度浮选法分离、滤膜过滤和体视显微镜筛检出微塑料。分析了微塑料的污染特征,初步评价了微塑料生态风险。结果表明:所有样品中均能检出微塑料。铜锈环棱螺与圆顶珠蚌中微塑料平均值分别为1793.0个/kg、1563.0个/kg,二者均以白色、纤维及2000~5000μm为主。内梅罗指数法评价铜锈环棱螺中微塑料属于中污染,圆顶珠蚌中属于轻污染。污染负荷指数法评价为铜锈环棱螺与圆顶珠蚌中微塑料均属于轻微污染。

鄱阳湖拟建水利枢纽工程对洪泛区地下水动力的影响及其生态意义

洪泛湿地是位于水生系统和陆生系统之间的过渡带,在河流和陆地之间的水文生态方面起着纽带作用,受气候变化和人类活动的叠加影响,其水文过程改变很大程度上影响了湿地生态系统循环、结构和功能的稳定。本文以鄱阳湖洪泛区湿地为研究区,应用湖泊水动力和洪泛区地下水数值模型,评估鄱阳湖拟建水利枢纽工程对洪泛区地下水系统的影响。模拟结果表明,拟建水利枢纽工程将会遵循调度方案使得湖泊水位明显提高,但同时导致洪泛区地下水位的整体抬升,且东部主湖区附近的地下水位受到的影响(约1~3 m)要明显强于洪泛区其它区域(约小于1 m)。地下水位的变化同时导致不同典型时期洪泛区地下水流速的减小及地下水流向的改变,表现为枢纽建设后地下水流向的逆转和流速基本小于0.1 m/d。鄱阳湖涨水-丰水期总体为湖水补给洪泛区地下水模式,枯水-退水期主要为地下水补给湖水模式,但水利枢纽可能导致洪泛区地下水系统水均衡状态发生转变,影响了地下水系统的补给和排泄状态,最终形成了长期稳定的湖泊补给地下水的作用模式。从地下水-生态系统响应变化的角度分析,拟建水利枢纽建设引起的地下水位上升,可能会给湿地生物地球化学元素的迁移转化、植被群落的演变与退化等带来潜在风险。本文研究结果可为枢纽建设背景下的湿地水资源评价、生态系统修复与保护等提供科学依据。

鄱阳湖流域典型新烟碱类杀虫剂的污染特征和风险评估

新烟碱类杀虫剂(NEOs)因用量较大和具有水溶性,是目前人们密切关注的新环境污染物之一。NEOs易通过地表径流迁移到水环境中,对水生态系统和人体健康构成威胁。本研究利用固相萃取超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)对鄱阳湖主要入湖河流和湖体中NEOs进行分析,旨在揭示鄱阳湖流域NEOs的空间分布特征,并分析其污染来源和生态风险。结果表明,在鄱阳湖流域9种NEOs均有不同程度检出,其中呋虫胺(DIN)、噻虫啉(THI)、吡虫啉(IMI)及噻虫嗪(THIA)的检出率为100%。9种NEOs总浓度范围为8.8~88.9 ng/L,残留最高、分布最广的农药是IMI(浓度范围2.1~42.7 ng/L)和THIA(浓度范围0.7~18.3 ng/L),流域内NEOs的主要来源为农业活动的非点源输入。基于物种敏感度分布法和联合概率分布曲线法评估了鄱阳湖流域中新烟碱类杀虫剂对淡水水生生物的生态风险。结果显示几种NEOs杀虫剂生态风险大小顺序为IMI>噻虫胺(CLO)>THI>THIA>啶虫脒(ACE),昆虫对NEOs最为敏感。联合概率分布曲线显示,对水生态系统产生不利影响最大的IMI对5%和10%物种的不利影响概率分别为28.55%和0.3%,鄱阳湖NEOs对水生生物的急性风险较小,但长久施用的慢性生态风险仍需进一步关注。