Clean Production and Ecological Industry:A Key to Eco-city Development

Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.

Lubei Ecological Industry Project:A Case Study in China

Lubei General Company of Enterprise Group, Shangdong Province, set up joint enterprises industrial ecosystem by sharing resources, symbiosis industry and compact structure. As an ecological industry park, the industrial ecosystem has been operated successfully with rich experiment and has become one of ecological industry examples in the world. Based on the case study of Lubei ecological industry project, components of industrial chains, matter recycle and conversion, energy cycle and multilevel utilization, systematic structure and impact factor identification are analyzed and summarized in this paper. The possible extension and development of Lubei ecological industry project in future is brought forward as well.

Exploring the Goal Synergy between the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Miyun District and the Development of the Ecological Home-stay Industry in Beijing

Green construction in culture and environmental protection will be the development trend in a long run,the urban and suburban area will be ecologically developed as well.Rural revitalization must adhere to the position of historical progress theory and modern concepts,innovate spatial layout,optimize ecological resources,and appropriately determine its historical significance and sustainable development responsibility with reasonable value orientation and environmental ecological carrying capacity for local ecological construction.In order to achieve this responsibility,the authors must expand the dimensions to consider more relevant factors.The guarantee of ecological carrying capacity is an important means to ensure the promotion of ecological civilization.This paper aims to integrate and regulate the goal synergy of the cultural development of the home-stay industry in Miyun District of Beijing by means of the innovative model of sustainable economic development of cultural ecology,ecological people,ecological health preservation and rich home-stay ecological elements.Assuming that the role of the former in promoting the latter can be expanded,then in the range of ecological and cultural towns(conceptual model)that maintain a certain tolerance of ecological carrying capacity,as a characteristic home-stay industry in Miyun,there will be some effective growth,so the integration and development of multiple cultural genes and elements must be the ecological and cultural town model under the enhanced multi-factor aggregation effect,(See the ecological environment carrying capacity development goal A:A=B12345+C1234567 later).This article will explain that the development goals of Miyun's ecological culture and the ecological homestay industry are coordinated,and the two are mutually raised in the same direction.

Construction of industrial ecological chain for characteristic small town:A case study of VR Town at Gui-An New District

As the rapid development of the national small characteristic town,some problems began to show through.For example,the spatial structure is not reasonable,the industrial is not harmonious,and the industrial cluster is not obvious and so on.In order to solve these uncoordinated problems and arrange industrial structure properly,to build the industrial ecologic chain construction according to local conditions appears to be critical.Therefore,constructing industrial ecological chain is of importance in academic aspect and practical significance to sustainable development.According to the theory of industrial ecology,this article researches on industrial ecological chain construction of Gui-An New District's VR town.Otherwise,with the principles of vertical supply-demand chain,horizontal collaboration chain,energy utilization chain,material circulation chain and water cycle chain,on the basis of five elements including public environment,service bake up,demand-supply collaboration,management system in a cloud and resource reuse,this paper put forward the industrial ecological chain model of VR town in Gui-An New District and analyze each links detailedly.The purpose is to explore and analyze the industrial ecological chain construction of VR town in Gui-An New District to abundant domestic related theory about small town and play a certain reference significance on other new-type of characteristic urbanization in mountainous region.

An approach to the influence of industrial structure on urban ecological environment

dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on environment. So the assessment to the rationality of industrial structure is of great importance. Inpresent paper, the research theories and ways on relationship between industrial structure and ecological en-vironmental systems were put forward. Environmental carrying capacity (ECC) was adopted to describequantitatively the relationship between man's social economic activity and environmental resources. At theend of this paper. analysis was made with Benxi City as an example.

A Review of Research on Ecological Economics Based on Bibliometrics

The development of ecological economics is a major strategy for development in the 21st century.Although scholars have been rising more and more interesting for ecological economic over the past 10 years,it is still unclear what is the change will be facing in the future.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy,our article analyzes the current research progress of ecological economy on the basis of a bibliometric analysis.The results show that(1)sustainable development of an ecological economy is a hot research topic;(2)there is little cooperation and exchange between institutions and among scholars regarding ecological economics;(3)the number of publications on ecological economics is increasing,with a relatively large number being published in China.Therefore,we must strengthen the cooperation between institutions and among scholars and improve the research content,vision,and methods in this field.This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy.

Study on Beautiful Countryside Construction in Xihu Lijia Village, Qianfang Town, Jinxian County

By reviewing the beautiful countryside construction in Xihu Lijia Village, Qianfang Town, Jinxian County, this paper further explored the concept of building happy and harmonious countryside, provided theoretical and technical instruction for the construction of "ecological settlement", "ecological environment", "ecological economy", "ecological culture", in order to instruct the construction of beautiful countryside.

Identification method and empirical study of urban industrial spatial relationship based on POI big data: a case of Shenyang City, China

The industrial spatial relationship is a cross-cutting subject of economic geography and geographical information science which has considerable significance to promote a sustainable planning and development of regional economic system.Taking Shenyang City as our study area and using the location information of manufacturing units and automobile sales outlets extracted from points of interest(POI),we investigated the spatial relationship between the two industries from integration,correlation and coordination perspective.Based on spatial statistical analyses,the equipment manufacturing industry and the automobile sales industry in Shenyang City showed a spatial complementary integration,weak spatial correlation,and coordination with scale dependence and spatial heterogeneity in 2018.This distribution characteristic is attributed to:1)local policy factors(i.e.,that industrial land should be located in the periphery of the city or outside the Second Ring Road),and 2)the economic factors(i.e.,that the degree of dependence of the equipment manufacturing industry and automobile sales industry were also influenced by external factors such as costs).These results improved the current industrial spatial relationship analysis by developing a new framework based on POI big data in order to accelerate a coordinated development between manufacturing and service industries and to promote the construction of industrial ecosystem.

Material dependence of cities and implications for regional sustainability

Cities rely on massive amounts of physical,chemical,and biological resources to support their growth and metabolism.These‘metabolic inputs’are accumulated in cities to form material stocks in buildings,infrastructures,transportation facilities,and household appliances.This study takes China’s urbanization as an example to illustrate the characteristics of material stock changes in developing countries and compare them with those in developed countries.Results show that(1)material stocks have been growing in China,but have saturated in developed countries,and(2)the major components of urban metabolism are construction and industrial materials(e.g.,steel)in developing countries but biomass(e.g.,food)in developed countries.The changes in the magnitude and types of material stocks can not only measure urban development but also directly link city and its residents,offering advantages in representing urbanization over the existing indices such as population,land use,or gross domestic product(GDP).Given the new insights provided by material stock,we recommend to embrace it as a critical index of urbanization for guiding urban planning and policy-making.

Spatio-temporal Differentiation and Driving Factors of Industrial Ecology of Restricted Development Zone from Adaptive Perspective:A Case Study of Shandong,China

Based on the adaptive analysis paradigm,this paper constructs an evaluation index system and an evaluation model of the level of industrial ecology of a restricted development zone from the perspective of the industrial system and of the environmental system,and studies the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and the driving factors of the level of industrial ecology of the restricted development zone of the Shandong Province,China,by using a variety of measurement methods.The results show that:1)In the temporal dimension,the level of industrial ecology of the research area increased from 2005 to 2017,while in the regional dimension,it was higher in the eastern coastal areas,followed by the northwestern area and the southwestern area;2)In the spatial dimension,from 2005 to 2017 the level of industrial ecology of the research area had a clear spatial dependence,and the regional spatial agglomeration of the restricted development zones with similar industrial ecology levels become increasingly evident;3)On the whole,the industrial ecology level in the study area had a clear spatial differentiation pattern,as it was higher in the north and in the east and lower in the south and in the west.Moreover,its evolution model changed from a‘three-core driven model’to a‘spatial scattered mosaic distribution model’,and then to a‘single-core driven model’;4)Industrial ecology was positively correlated with economic development,foreign investment,science and technology,and negatively correlated with the government role,while industrial structure and environmental regulation failed to pass the statistical significance test.

A Three-Stage, Completely Sustainable Process Addressing Industrial Water Waste Treatment Management: The Case of the Sorption of Methylene Blue in Column Experiments

A detailed study regarding the optimization of a complete system for the purification of water waste is presented.Three main concerns are addressed:the nature of the absorbing material,the efficiency dependence on scale and the management of the final waste of the assembly.These three points have to be optimized in the best acceptable way from an environmental point of view.Subsequently,the wet filling material,comprised of the absorbent and the absorbed dye,was buried in dry soil,promoting soil bacterial and fungal growth.The absorbance of CO2 was determined.The use of natural vegetative material as absorbents of chemical dyes in industrial water waste is an environmentally friendly solution.Combination with the utilization of the final solid waste as fertilizer is an optimum solution,promoting sustainability within an industrial ecology framework.The adsorption column scale-up studied herein,for the removal of basic dyes from wastewaters,using methylene blue as a representative adsorbate and barley straw as a representative waste biomass adsorbent,was successful,as regards consistency and reliability(judged by low absolute and relative standard deviation)of results.

Analyzing and forecasting CO2 emission reduction in China＇s steel industry

Recent measures of carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry of China have indicated a high rate of total CO2 emissions from the industry, even compared to the rest of the world. So, CO2 emission reduction in China＇s steel industry was analyzed, coupling the whole process and scenarios analysis. First, assuming that all available advanced technologies are almost adopted, this study puts forward some key potential-sectors and explores an optimal technical route for reducing CO2 emissions from the Chinese steel industry based on whole process analysis. The results show that in the stages of coking, sintering, and iron making, greater potential for reducing emissions would be fulfilled by taking some technological measures. If only would above well-developed technolo- gies be fulfill, the CO2 emissions from 5 industry production stages would be reduced substantially, and CO2 emissions per ton of steel could be decreased to 1.24 （ton/ton-steel） by 2020. At the same time, the scenarios analysis indicates that if mature carbon-reducing technol- ogies are adopted, and if the difference between steel output growth rate and the GDP growth rate could be controlled below 3%, CO2 emissions from China＇s steel industry would approach the goal of reducing CO2 emissions per GDP unit by 40%-45% of the 2005 level by 2020. This indicates that the focus of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in China lies in policy adjustments in order to enhance technological application, and lies in reasonably controlling the pace of growth of GDP and steel output.

Evaluation of global niobium flow modeling and its market forecasting

Metal,as the indispensable material,is functioning the society from technology to the environment.Niobium(Nb)is considered a unique earth metal as it is related to many emerging technologies.The increasing economic growth exerts an increasing pressure on supply,which leads to its significance in the economic sector.However,few papers have addressed Nb sustainability,which forms the scope of this paper in order to start the process of Nb market forecasting based on some previous data and some assumptions.Therefore,this paper will discuss different thoughts in material substitution and the substance flow of Nb throughout a static flow using Nb global data to have a better understanding of the process of Nb from production to end of life.This shall lead to the identification of the market needs to determine its growth which is around 2.5% to 3.0%.Moreover,due to China’s huge Nb consumption which comes from the continuous development that is happening over the years,it will also briefly mention the Nb situation as well as its growth which according to statistics will grow steadily till 2030 by a rate of 4.0% to 6.0%.The results show that there should be some enhancement to Nb recycling potentials out of steel scrap.In addition,there should be more involvement of Nb in different industries as this would lead to less-used materials which can be translated to less environmental impact.

Social network analysis and network connectedness analysis for industrial symbiotic systems： model development and case study

An important and practical pattern of industrial symbiosis is rapidly developing： eco-industrial parks. In this study, we used social network analysis to study the network connectedness （i.e., the proportion of the theoretical number of connections that had been achieved） and related attributes of these hybrid ecological and industrial symbiotic systems. This approach provided insights into details of the network＇s interior and analyzed the overall degree of connectedness and the relationships among the nodes within the network. We then characterized the structural attributes of the network and subnetwork nodes at two levels （core and periphery）, thereby providing insights into the operational problems within each eco-industrial park. We chose ten typical eco-industrial parks in China and around the world and compared the degree of network connectedness of these systems that resulted from exchanges of products, byproducts, and wastes. By analyzing the density and nodal degree, we determined the relative power and status of the nodes in these networks, as well as other structural attributes such as the core-periphery structure and the degree of sub-network connectedness. The results reveal the operational problems created by the structure of the industrial networks and provide a basis for improving the degree of completeness, thereby increasing their potential for sustainable development and enriching the methods available for the study of industrial symbiosis.

Carbon neutrality needs a circular metal-energy nexus

Carbon neutrality requires systematic transformations of both energy and metal systems.These transformations are not isolated but rather interlinked and interdependent,such that trade-offs between different strategies exist.Herein,we explore the critical interlinkages between energy and metal systems and further propose a circular metal-energy nexus to advance global coordinated actions towards a carbon-neutral future.

A review of industrial symbiosis research： theory and methodology

The theory, methodologies, and case studies in the field of industrial symbiosis have been developing for nearly 30 years. In this paper, we trace the development history of industrial symbiosis, and review its current theoretical and methodological bases, as well as trends in current research. Based on the research gaps that we identify, we provide suggestions to guide the future development of this approach to permit more comprehensive analyses. Our theoretical review includes key definitions, a classification system, and a description of the formation and development mechanisms. We discuss methodological studies from the perspective of individual industrial metabolic processes and network analysis. Analyzing specific metabolic processes can help to characterize the exchanges of materials and energy, and to reveal the ecological performance and economic benefits of the symbiosis. Network analysis methods are increasingly being used to analyze both the structural and functional characteristics of a system. Our suggestions for future research focus on three aspects： how to quantitatively classify industrial symbiosis systems, monitor the dynamics of a developing industrial symbiosis system, and analyze its internal attributes more deeply.

In-use product and steel stocks sustaining the urbanization of Xiamen, China

Introduction:In-use product and material stocks are the amount of concerned manufactured products and materials in active use,and are essential components of urban ecosystem.Methods:This study estimates the dynamic in-use stocks of steel-containing products and steel in the city of Xiamen,China,during 1980–2015 by applying a bottom-up accounting approach.We incorporate 55 categories of steel-containing products that are classified into five end-use sectors(i.e.,buildings,infrastructure,transportation equipment,machinery,and domestic appliances).Outcomes and Discussion:In-use stocks of 51%of the studied products kept increasing during 1980–2015,especially after 2000.Steel stocks have grown up to 4.9±1.4 tons per capita(t/cap)in 2015,from 0.5±0.2 t/cap in 1980.Buildings are the largest reservoirs,although its share decreased from 89%in 1980 to 68%in 2015.The dynamic spatial distribution indicates that steel stocks gradually expanded from urban core to suburban areas.Conclusion:Theresults help to explore how a city’s urbanization is sustained by the in-use stocks growth.In-use steel stocks,of which the growth is highly correlated to and probably driven by the population growth,GDP increase,and urban built-up area expansion,may serve as a supplementary indicator for urbanization.

Network analysis of eight industrial symbiosis systems

Industrial symbiosis is the quintessential characteristic of an eco-industrial park. To divide parks into different types, previous studies mostly focused on qualitative judgments, and failed to use metrics to conduct quantitative research on the intemal structural or functional characteristics of a park. To analyze a park＇s structural attributes, a range of metrics from network analysis have been applied, but few researchers have compared two or more symbioses using multiple metrics. In this study, we used two metrics （density and network degree centraliza- tion） to compare the degrees of completeness and dependence of eight diverse but representative industrial symbiosis networks. Through the combination of the two metrics, we divided the networks into three types： weak completeness, and two forms of strong completeness, namely ＂anchor tenant＂ mutualism and ＂equality-oriented＂ mutualism. The results showed that the networks with a weak degree of completeness were sparse and had few connections among nodes; for ＂anchor tenant＂ mutualism, the degree of completeness was relatively high, but the affiliated members were too dependent on core members; and the members in ＂equality-oriented＂ mutualism had equal roles, with diverse and flexible symbiotic paths. These results revealed some of the systems＇ internal structure and how different structures influenced the exchanges of materials, energy, and knowledge among members of a system, thereby providing insights into threats that may destabilize the network. Based on this analysis, we provide examples of the advantages and effectiveness of recent improvement projects in a typical Chinese eco-industrial park （Shandong Lubei）.

New Industrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Serious environmental problems have appeared in China since the rapid economic growth 30 years ago, which affect human’s health and become a limiting factor for further development. It has brought about the rethinking of traditional ways for economy development and environmental protection, and realized that the change in the model of development and environment protection is of significance. A new industrial revolution is needed for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This paper discusses the characteristics of the new industrial revolution for sustainable development including cleaner production, circular economy, and industrial ecology. Lessons from China and abroad will be introduced to prove that new strategies for environment protection and economic development are needed.