Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

The Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Poor Mountainous Areas in Southwest China: A Case Study of "5 + 5" Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Xundian County

Carrying out health poverty alleviation and ensuring the security of basic medical care for the poor are important contents for China to implement the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and win the battle to get rid of poverty. Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is a national poor county integrating ' nationality,poverty,mountainous area and old revolutionary base area'. In recent years,based on the actual situation,Xundian County has explored an effective way of health poverty alleviation. It has effectively prevented the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness,and effectively ensured that Xundian County has successfully achieved the goal of getting rid of poverty. Xundian County finally got rid of the shadow of ' poverty' for more than 30 years to become one of the first batch of counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. This paper makes great efforts to analyze and summarize the specific methods,main achievements,successful experience,lessons and reference about health poverty alleviation in Xundian County. At the same time,it also studies and analyzes the main problems existing in the model,and puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions,in order to provide a reference for health poverty alleviation in other poor areas.

The Model of Poverty Alleviation through Education in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Southwest China: Accurately Building "Well Education in Poor County" in Luquan County

The poverty alleviation through education is one of the important ways to get rid of poverty accurately in poor areas. Located in the high mountains and deep valleys along the Jinsha River, Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is one of the key counties in poverty alleviation and development work in China with a wide range of poverty and deep poverty. To enable children in poor areas to receive a good education is not only an important task of poverty alleviation and development, but also an important way to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Because of the complexity and difference of geography, history and culture, and the particularity and diversity of educational development appeal, it is often difficult to carry out poverty alleviation through education. Poor counties develop well education so that poor counties have new achievements. In recent years, Luquan County has adhered to the concept of "vigorously developing education" by making every effort to create a characteristic project with education to help the poor, and strived to achieve the "six solutions" so that every child can enjoy quality and fair education, and ensure that "they can get in, stay and learn well". This shows the new look of Miao and Yi mountains in the new era. This paper analyzes and summarizes the specific methods and effects, characteristics and bright spots of accurately building the model of "well education in poor county" in this county, as well as the experience gained, and the lessons, in order to provide the necessary reference for the poor counties in Yunnan Province and other similar provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) to carry out rural poverty alleviation by education.

Poverty Alleviation by Helping the Disabled in Impoverished Mountainous Areas of Western China:Taking Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province as an Example

Disabled people are the poorest in the rural poor with the biggest difficulty in getting rid of poverty and the highest rate of returning to poverty.They are one of the key groups in rural poverty alleviation work.This is the key and difficult point of winning the fight against poverty.Luquan County is a national poverty-stricken county with a large number of disabled people.Since the implementation of the fight against poverty in 2016,the county has introduced a series of policies and measures to help the disabled to get rid of poverty from housing,medical care,schooling for children of the disabled and income increase,and good results have been achieved in poverty alleviation,making important contributions to the poverty alleviation of the county.Based on field research and interviews,this paper analyzes and condenses the specific practices,main results and successful experience of the poverty alleviation model in Luquan County,Yunnan Province to provide necessary reference for the targeted poverty alleviation by helping the disabled in Yunnan Province and other provinces.

The Poverty Alleviation Model for the Solitary Elderly People in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Southwest China: Analysis of "Five Batches Project" in Xundian County

The solitary elderly people in rural areas are not only an important part of the rural population,but also an important issue that can not be ignored in the battle to get rid of poverty. In recent years,according to the working thinking of ' accurate statistics,scientific arrangement,classified implementation,and rapid progress',Xundian County has gone through joint exploration and practice at the county and township levels,and has found out the path of work of ' Five Batches Project' to solve the problem of poverty alleviation for the solitary elderly people and make them live in their own homes. This has effectively solved the problem of safe and stable housing for 4 443 solitary elderly people in the county. It has found a new way to solve the housing problem of the solitary elderly people. At the end of 2017,the incidence of poverty in the county dropped to 0. 35%,and it was successfully listed as one of the first counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. Based on field research and interviews,this paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main achievements,practical experience,lessons and reference of the poverty alleviation model of ' Five Batches Project' in Xundian County to solve the problem of housing for the elderly,in order to provide necessary reference for the poor counties in Yunnan Province and other similar provinces( cities,autonomous regions) to solve the problem of housing for ' solitary elderly people' in Yunnan Province.

Land Use Regionalization in Poor Counties in Mountainous Areas Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Land use regionalization is a strategic measure for the rational use,management and protection of land resources based on local conditions.Based on the needs of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy and the analysis on the natural and socioeconomic conditions,characteristics of land resources,and the current status of land use in Luquan County,corresponding regionalization indices were selected from four aspects:economic environment conditions,socioeconomic conditions,land resources and land use structure,and poverty alleviation and development level,a scientific and feasible index system for land use regionalization was constructed,and land use in Luquan County was regionalized by using systematic cluster analysis method.The results show that the 16 townships(towns)of Luquan County were divided into four land use regions,poverty alleviation region for development of new town and characteristic industries in the southwest(I),agricultural development and ecological poverty alleviation region in central mountainous area(II),poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic agriculture and tourism towns in eastern plateau mountainous area(III),and poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic industries and protection of land economy in the northern alpine valley area(IV).In addition,suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land in each region.

Poverty Alleviation in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Western China by Supporting Industry: A Case Study of Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

Poverty alleviation by supporting industry is a key measure to promote the poverty alleviation of relocated households. Taking Xundian County, the first county in Yunnan Province that has been lifted out of poverty, as an research case, this article analyzes and summarizes the industry-supporting poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of two typical relocation areas (Shanhou Village and Eyang Village) in Xundian County. Practice has shown that the key to industry-supporting poverty alleviation lies in targetedness to strengthen the participation of poor farmers in industrial development. The interests of poverty alleviation entities should be linked by market mechanism to establish a benign interaction between all parties for win-win situation, thereby effectively guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of poverty alleviation by supporting industry.

Eco-tourism: A New Approach of Ecological Rehabilitation and Out of Poverty Development in Wumeng Mountainous Area

The economic and social development status and the formation mechanism of "poverty trap" in Wumeng mountainous area were analyzed, the feasibility of developing eco-tourism to ecological restoration and rural poverty reduction was discussed, and some corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China’s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called “transforming heavenand earth” that had been practiced in Southwest China’s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agriculturaldevelopment. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.

The Long-Term Effective Mechanism of Rural Poverty Alleviation in China from the Perspective of Ecological Management

Based on the ecological environmental situation of poverty-stricken areas in China and the domestic and foreign research results,the long-term effective mechanism of sustainable poverty alleviation in China is established(the ideological premise is ecological culture,the material base is ecological economy and the basic guarantee is ecological system) from the perspective of ecological management.To be specific,ecological culture,the ideological premise of rural sustainable poverty alleviation in China,includes two aspects:the first one is upholding the Marxism,passing on the Chinese traditional ecological wisdom and fostering ecological consciousness;the second one is mirroring the thought of western modern ecological ethics,emphasizing ecological criticism and redoubling the ecological education.As for ecological economy,the material guarantee for sustainable poverty alleviation in Chinese rural poverty-stricken areas,also contents two aspects.The first one is promoting the way of "clean production" and developing ecological industry;the second one is building ecological concept of consumption and establishing the ecological lifestyle.In addition,ecological system,the basic guarantee of sustainable poverty alleviation in Chinese rural poverty-stricken areas,covers three terms.The first one is implementing the ecological policies and stipulating ecological plan;the second one is establishing perfect ecological legislation and ecological system and intensifying their implementation;the third one is enforcing ecological management in the process of sustainable poverty alleviation.Through the establishment of the above mechanism,we look forward to realizing sustainability of economic development and poverty alleviation effects in the process of poverty alleviation in Chinese rural areas,as well as ecological management of the poverty-stricken areas.

Ecological Compensation-assisted Relocation in Extreme Poverty-stricken Counties in China’s Ecologically Vulnerable Areas: Taking Dongchuan District of Yunnan Province as an Example

Ecology-oriented poverty alleviation is not only a livelihood project that affects the vast majority of rural people but also a major project to win the fight against poverty. It is also an indispensable income component for the relocation of poor farmers. Dongchuan District,located at the intersection of Jinsha River and Xiaojiang River,is one of the key counties for poverty alleviation and development in China with a wide range of poverty and extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty reached 24. 36%. The ecology is fragile,and earthquake outbreaks frequently. Dongchuan District is a national key monitoring and defense area for earthquakes. A large number of goafs,subsidence areas and geological hazard areas have been formed in the mining area. The number of dangerous houses is large,and ' it has no way of supporting its own inhabitants' is the key point,difficulty and focus of the county’s poverty alleviation. Relocation is a must-have measure to move away from poverty. It is also complex system engineering,which is policy-oriented and difficult. Since 2017,Dongchuan District has regarded relocation has the top priority for poverty alleviation. It has strictly implemented national,provincial and municipal policies,focused on the overall goal of ' moving,securing and getting rich',and strongly promoted the relocation work for poverty alleviation. Obvious social,economic and ecological benefits have been achieved. Successful relocation,combined with ecology-oriented poverty alleviation and other targeted poverty alleviation measures,Dongchuan District’s fight against poverty has achieved a decisive victory. At the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the region fell to 1. 09%,and 129 poor villages( including 86 extremely poor villages) had been successfully lifted out of poverty. This paper analyzes and condenses the specific practices,main achievements,benefits,successful experiences and implications of the region’s relocation combined with ecology-oriented poverty alleviation model,so as to provide necessary reference for the innovation of relocation in poverty-stricken counties of Yunnan Province and similar provinces( cities,districts).

How to Quickly Cast off Poverty in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas Relying on the "Whole Village Advancement" Model?

We carry out a field survey on the implementation of the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model in Lisizhuang Village,Shunping County,Hebei Province.Based on the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model,we put forth the following recommendations:(i)Oriented by the market,fostering the function of"blood-refreshing";(ii)Strengthening the new ideas of using projects to attract investment;(iii)Implementing the new strategy of"driven by the able person";(iv)Improving the farmers'quality;(v)Adhering to the diversification of financing channels.

Patterns of Poverty Alleviation in Mountain Areas

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ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC REHABILITATION IN THE KARST OF SOUTHWEST CHINA

The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society should be rehabilitated, and hence to strengthen the self-development capacity building of the localities. Two considerations are stressed in this article: (1) Poverty alleviation is a system project with great complexities. Any single approach is difficult to success and integrated measures should be taken. (2) Some typical and feasible areas should be selected to demonstrate the project of poverty alleviation and ecological, socio-economic reconstruction. Then, they can be used as a model to promote the sustainable development of the whole region. Based upon these ideals, a project entitled “Reversal of Impoverishment-Degradation Spiral in the Karst of Southwest China' was proposed and has been listed in 《Priority Programme for China's Agenda 21》.

Study on Biogas Development in the Qinba Mountain Area in the Background of Developing Ecological Civilization

Biogas is a clean energy source with high value for the comprehensive development and utilization of the Qinba Mountain area.Promoting biogas in the Qinba Mountain area can effectively solve the energy dilemma in the construction of a new socialist countryside.However, the promotion and usage of biogas are faced with economic, technical, and policy obstacles.The government and farmers of the five provinces and one municipality in the Qinba Mountain area have invested time and resources to build household biogas pools and related supporting facilities.Whether these facilities can continue to play a role or not has become the most important issue faced by these farmers.Based on the inputs and outputs of biogas processes in the Qinba Mountain area, we present an analysis of the factors affecting the construction, maintenance, operations, and utilization of biogas in this area, and put forward relevant suggestions for the healthy and sustainable development of household biogas in the Qinba Mountain area.

连片特困地区县域交通扶贫效率测度及影响因素——以滇西边境山区为例

交通扶贫效率测度可为乡村振兴阶段区域交通规划方案制定提供重要的理论依据。以滇西边境山区56个县域四年间交通与经济发展面板数据为样本,构建交通扶贫效率投入产出指标体系,运用DEA模型、Malmquist指数测度滇西边境山区各县交通扶贫效率,并分析其时空分布特征。同时,构建Tobit回归模型,探究县域交通扶贫效率的影响因素。研究表明:滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率整体呈逐步增长态势,在乡村振兴阶段仍然有较大提升空间,且交通扶贫综合效率主要受到规模效率的影响;滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率大幅提升;依据交通扶贫综合效率的平均值和Malmquist指数值两个维度,滇西边境山区56个县可划分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型及巩固型4种类型,而发展型和成熟型是滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率的主要形态;县域规模、产业结构对交通扶贫效率的提升具有反向抑制作用,就业支持、消费水平、区位优势、投资规模均在不同程度上对滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率产生正向促进作用;各影响因素对不同发展阶段的县域交通扶贫效率在影响强度和作用路径上存在差异。因此,应进一步优化县城交通基础设施空间布局,强化劳动力就业等因素与交通运输发展的“联动效应”,针对不同交通扶贫发展阶段及影响因素短板,采取差异化、合理化发展策略。

共同富裕视阈下旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率研究——以陕西秦巴山片区为例

紧密契合新发展阶段推进共同富裕的战略目标,以陕西秦巴山片区为例,运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数模型、地理探测器等方法对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率进行测度,明确其演变特征,识别影响因素及其交互作用。结果表明:(1)陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的综合效率总体处于中等水平,各县域效率存在明显的区域异质性;(2)2016—2021年陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率整体呈波动上升趋势,通过旅游发展来带动县域脱贫振兴还存在较大的提升空间;(3)交通、人均财政支出、人均地区生产总值等因素及其交互作用对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率存在显著影响。最后,从合理配置旅游投入产出要素、构建旅游共享发展新格局、改善基础设施及旅游产业经济基础等方面提出了策略建议。

生态脆弱区农户返贫脆弱性评估及其影响因素--以陇南山区为例

生态脆弱区既是生态环境最敏感区域,也是返贫问题较为集中的区域,返贫脆弱性作为评价农户返贫状况的重要指标,可为生态脆弱区农户的防返贫提供有效借鉴。以地处西秦岭的陇南山区为例,构建农户的返贫脆弱性评价指标体系,并利用微观调查数据,测度农户的返贫脆弱性水平,并利用分位数回归模型揭示其影响因素。结果发现:(1)陇南山区农户返贫脆弱性指数均值为0.103,整体处于中度脆弱水平,等级分布呈“两头小中间大”的橄榄形态势。(2)不同类型农户的返贫脆弱性水平存在分化特征,高山区、农业收入占比高、抚养比高的农户返贫脆弱性较高,且农业收入占比高、抚养比高农户的高脆弱群体占比也高。(3)不同抚养比农户的暴露度与适应能力差异最为显著,敏感性水平则在不同生计方式和抚养比农户中差异最大。(4)家庭规模的扩大可显著增强农户的返贫脆弱性,而交通便利度、网络覆盖率、未来生活预期、帮扶措施多样化和政策帮扶强度的提高可有效减缓农户的返贫脆弱性;政策帮扶强度削弱了高度脆弱农户因交通便利度低所致的返贫脆弱性,帮扶措施多样化则减弱了户主受教育水平高所发挥的降脆效果。

新时代安徽大别山革命老区脱贫成效评价与经验分析

认真总结脱贫攻坚实践成效和经验,对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、做好乡村振兴有效衔接具有重要意义。以安徽大别山革命老区为研究区,从人民生活、教育医疗、综合经济实力三个维度构建脱贫成效综合评价指标体系,实证分析19个县(市、区)脱贫攻坚综合成效及其障碍因素。研究表明:2012—2020年期间,安徽大别山革命老区脱贫攻坚取得显著成效,综合发展指数年均增幅8.73%;增幅最大的3个县区是六安市叶集区、金寨县和安庆市太湖县;当前制约安徽大别山革命老区进一步发展的因素更多体现在教育医疗、综合经济实力两方面。在脱贫攻坚实践中,革命老区坚持规划引领、坚持党的领导、坚持精准方略、坚持群众主体、坚持社会动员,为做好当前和今后一个时期巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴工作提供了参考借鉴。

精准扶贫期湖南武陵山片区陆路交通网络时空变化分析

湖南武陵山片区是我国精准扶贫政策的发源地,区内交通基础设施相对落后。为准确分析评价精准扶贫期间片区道路网的时空变化特征和交通基础设施建设的成效,支撑当前片区乡村振兴战略推进和交通网络空间规划,以2015—2020年地理国情普查与监测成果为基础,运用地理空间分析技术,采用线密度模型、核密度模型、欧氏最短距离模型等方法,从陆路交通网整体格局、铁路网密度、公路网密度、高速公路便捷度、等级公路技术结构、农村公路通达性等多个角度分析精准扶贫期间湖南武陵山片区陆路交通网时空演变特征。研究表明:在精准扶贫政策的支持下,湖南武陵山片区陆路交通基础设施得到较大改观,公路技术等级结构持续升级,农村道路覆盖度进一步提升,路网结构更加合理,但铁路网和高速公路网在纵向上联通还不够,网络结构性不强,各县城之间的通达性还有待提升,铁路网密度、公路网密度、高等级公路网密度等方面仍然低于全省平均水平,远低于全省东部地区水平。研究分析方法能够为当前国内外正探索推进的国土空间可持续发展综合分析评价工作提供参考。