UAV and Satellite-Based Sensing to Map Ecological States at the Landscape Scale

Mapping ecological states in semi-arid rangelands is crucial for effective land management and conservation efforts because it identifies difference in the ecological conditions across a landscape. This study presents an innovative approach for mapping two ecological states, Large Shrub Grass (LSG) and Large Shrub Eroded (LSE), within the Sandy Loam Upland and Deep (SLUD) ecological sites using a combination of drone and satellite data. The methodology leverages the Largest Patch Index (LPI) as a proxy metric to estimate eroded areas and classify ecological states. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data with satellite-based remote sensing provides a scalable approach that can benefit various stakeholders involved in rangeland management. The study demonstrates the potential of this methodology by generating spatial layers at the landscape scale to inform on the state of rangeland ecosystems. The workflow showcases the power of remote sensing technology to map ecological states and addresses limitations in spatial coverage by integrating UAV and satellite data. By utilizing the bare ground LPI metric, which indicates the connectedness of bare ground, the methodology enables the classification of ecological states at a regional scale. This cost-effective approach potentially offers a standardized and reproducible method applicable across different sites and regions. The accuracy of the classification process is evaluated by comparing the results to ground-based polygons, dirt roads, and water locations. While the model performs well in identifying eroded areas, misclassifications occur in regions with mixed vegetation cover or low biomass. Future research should focus on incorporating temporal information from historical remote sensing archives to improve understanding of ecological state dynamics. Additionally, validation efforts can be enhanced by incorporating more ground-truth data and testing the methodology in diverse rangeland areas. The workflow serves as a blueprint for scaling up ecological states mapping in similar semi-arid rangelands. Further work should involve refining the approach through additional validation and exploring new remote sensing datasets. The methodology can be replicated in other regions to inform land management decisions, promote sustainable resource use, and advance the field of ecological states mapping.

Soil Genesis of Four Alfisols Established in Oak Hickory Forests along Drainages into the Mississippi River in Southeastern Missouri, USA

Alfisols in USA taxonomy are “deciduous forest” soils having an argillic horizon with a base saturation in the control section greater than 35%. Alfisols are geographically extensive and support productive agriculture and deciduous forest ecosystems. Understanding Alfisol genesis, including the presence and intensity of the dominant soil processes, facilitates best management practices that provide stewardship for these soil resources and improves forest and agriculture productivity. Four Alfisols, presently having mature forest settings and located in the central United States along the Mississippi River, were selected for soil and landscape description, classification, and delineation of the dominant soil forming processes. Excavated soils were described and routinely sampled for subsequent physical, chemical, and mineralogical analysis. An aqua regia digestion protocol provided elemental analysis for identifying and inferring the intensity of soil forming processes. The dominant soil forming factors include 1) organic matter accumulation, 2) clay eluviation-illuviation, 3) acidification, 4) base cation accumulation in the A horizons by the forest vegetation, 5) Fe-oxyhydroxide formation, and 6) clay mineral synthesis. Two soils were developed entirely in Peoria loess and two soils were developed in Peoria Loess overlying Ordovician limestone residuum. Ecological site descriptions provide land managers information for evaluating land suitability and the capability to implement different management activities without ecosystem disturbance. Best management practices for the described landforms and based on their Ecological Site Descriptions are presented.