Ecological-Based Mining:A Coal-Water-Thermal Collaborative Paradigm in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Western China

A substantial reduction in groundwater level,exacerbated by coal mining activities,is intensifying water scarcity in western China’s ecologically fragile coal mining areas.China’s national strategic goal of achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality has made eco-friendly mining that prioritizes the protection and efficient use of water resources essential.Based on the resource characteristics of mine water and heat hazards,an intensive coal-water-thermal collaborative co-mining paradigm for the duration of the mining process is proposed.An integrated system for the production,supply,and storage of mining companion resources is achieved through technologies such as roof water inrush prevention and control,hydrothermal quality improvement,and deep-injection geological storage.An active preventive and control system achieved by adjusting the mining technology and a passive system centered on multiobjective drainage and grouting treatment are suggested,in accordance with the original geological characteristics and dynamic process of water inrush.By implementing advanced multi-objective drainage,specifically designed to address the“skylight-type”water inrush mode in the Yulin mining area of Shaanxi Province,a substantial reduction of 50%in water drillings and inflow was achieved,leading to stabilized water conditions that effectively ensure subsequent safe coal mining.An integrated-energy complementary model that incorporates the clean production concept of heat utilization is also proposed.The findings indicate a potential saving of 8419 t of standard coal by using water and air heat as an alternative heating source for the Xiaojihan coalmine,resulting in an impressive energy conservation of 50.2%and a notable 24.2%reduction in carbon emissions.The ultra-deep sustained water injection of 100 m^(3)·h^(-1)in a single well would not rupture the formation or cause water leakage,and 7.87×10^(5)t of mine water could be effectively stored in the Liujiagou Formation,presenting a viable method for mine-water management in the Ordos Basin and providing insights for green and low-carbon mining.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Typical Karst Ecologically Fragile Areas Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Indexes

Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-level demonstration county for comprehensive desertification control.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data from 2005,2010,2015,and 2020,remote sensing ecological indices were used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in Guanling Autonomous County from 2005 to 2020.The results show that:①the variance contribution rates of the first principal component for the four periods were 66.31%,71.59%,63.18%,and 75.24%,indicating that PC1 integrated most of the characteristics of the four indices,making the RSEI suitable for evaluating ecological quality in karst mountain areas;②the remote sensing ecological index grades have been increasing year by year,with an overall trend of improving ecological quality.The area of higher-grade ecological quality has increased spatially,while fragmented patches have gradually decreased,becoming more concentrated in the low-altitude areas in the northwest and east,and there is a trend of expansion towards higher-altitude areas;③the ecological environment quality in most areas has improved,with the improvement in RSEI spatio-temporal variation becoming more noticeable with increasing slope.Areas of higher-grade quality appeared in 2010,and the range of higher-grade quality expanded with increasing slope.

Influence of Reservoir on Groundwater Environment in the Ecologically Fragile Area, Northwest of China

As the research proposed reservoirs after impact on the surrounding ecological fragile areas of groundwater level and scope, through the proposed reservoir area and its surrounding data collecting, hydrogeology survey and related test, for Modflow system simulation platform, through to the boundary conditions, initial conditions and source sink term and related hydrogeological parameters, the model identification and verification, The model of hydrogeological parameters in the study area is constructed. The simulation results show that the groundwater depth near the reservoir area will be higher than the critical value (1.8 m) of secondary salinization of soil. At the same time, according to the investigation and experiment, if the reservoir does not do seepage treatment, the water infiltration in the reservoir will aggravate the environmental hydrogeological problems in the ecologically fragile area.

Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Northwestern Ecologically Fragile Desert Oasis——A case study of Guazhou County of Gansu Province

Guazhou County of Gansu Province is a typical ecological fragile area lying in the transition area of desert and oasis.The development of its agricultural economy is highly dependent on natural resources and environment.Contradiction of resources characterized agriculture and the fragile ecological environment has become one of the main barriers to log the impact of local agriculture to achieve sustainable development.Aiming at fragile ecological environment and limiting factors of agricultural sustainable development,thoughts and countermeasures of realizing agricultural sustainable development have been proposed.

The Study on Protection and Construction Mode of Urban Ecologically Sensitive Areas

The paper had analyzed the necessity and feasibility for the protection and utilization of urban ecologically sensitive areas, proposed planning urban ecologically sensitive areas reasonably and combining ecological protection with development construction. Guiding the healthy and ordered development of urban spaces was the key part and important approach to realize ecological cities. The guiding thought for development construction of ecological cities had been discussed, which was conducting laddered development according to the location and coverage of urban ecologically sensitive areas and protection grades of these sensitive areas. Then, it had proposed four kinds of protection and construction modes, which were tourism leisure green lands, relevant expositions, industrial areas and new city groups, and which had been analyzed by combining with successful cases, so as to provide feasible win-win development strategies of ecology and economy for the planning of urban ecologically sensitive areas in the future.

Landscape Design for Ecologically Livable Residential Environment

From the perspective of adaption to local conditions, the paper had analyzed that it had emphasized visual perception, plane design and grade while functionality, vertical space and applicability of residential environmental landscapes were neglected. Landscapes in ecologically livable environment were characterized by pretty natural environment, safe and spacious activity place, gentle and harmonious communication space, heavy cultural characteristic, and distinctive landscape feature. It had put forward design ideas for ecologically livable environment covering humanity, integrity, diversity and culture. The design thoughts were adjusting to local conditions, respecting the site, inheriting the spirit of place, conducting reasonable layout, rationally utilizing water, constructing harmonious plants community, creating comfortable activity place, highlighting theme, and manifesting culture. Ecological and livable concept should be integrated into landscape design. It was regarded that green and ecological landscape design was the key for urban environment reconstruction and the responsibility of each designer.

Driving factors and the implications of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China

Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,households,and land endowments.The findings reveal large differences between males and females,and between non-farm employment and part-time farming engagement Land scarcity is still an important driving factor in non-farming participation of rural laborers in the study area;and in the current case of land productivity and the total amount of land,there are still surplus rural labor forces in the study area.Diversification of livelihood reduces the pressure on land,thus facilitating ecosystem conservation.So,the paper concludes with the argument that establishing coordination mechanisms among non-farm employment of rural laborers,agricultural production,and restoration of ecosystems are essential for mitigating the conflicts of ecological security,agricultural production,and rural development in mis area.

An Ecologically Oriented Operation Strategy for a Multi-Reservoir System： A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Han River Basin, China

Constructing and operating a multi-reservoir system changes the natural flow regime of rivers, and thus imposes adverse impacts on riverine ecosystems. To balance human needs with ecosystem needs, this study proposes an ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that integrates environmental flow requirements into the joint operation of a multi-reservoir system in order to main- tain different ecological functions throughout the river. This strategy is a combination of a regular opti-mal operation scheme and a series of real-time ecological operation schemes. During time periods when the incompatibilities between human water needs and ecosystem needs for environmental flows are rel- atively small, the regular optimal operation scheme is implemented in order to maximize multiple human water-use benefits under the constraints of a minimum water-release policy. During time periods when reservoir-induced hydrological alteration imposes significant negative impacts on the river＇s key ecological functions, real-time ecological operation schemes are implemented in order to modify the out- flow from reservoirs to meet the environmental flow requirements of these functions. The practical use of this strategy is demonstrated for the simulation operation of a large-scale multi-reservoir system which located in the middle and lower Han River Basin in China. The results indicate that the real-time ecological operation schemes ensure the environmental flow requirements of the river＇s key ecological functions, and that adverse impacts on human water-use benefits can be compensated for by the regular optimal operation scheme. The ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that is proposed in this study enriches the theoretical application of the multi-reservoir system joint operation which considers environmental flow requirements.

Ecological Compensation-assisted Relocation in Extreme Poverty-stricken Counties in China’s Ecologically Vulnerable Areas: Taking Dongchuan District of Yunnan Province as an Example

Ecology-oriented poverty alleviation is not only a livelihood project that affects the vast majority of rural people but also a major project to win the fight against poverty. It is also an indispensable income component for the relocation of poor farmers. Dongchuan District,located at the intersection of Jinsha River and Xiaojiang River,is one of the key counties for poverty alleviation and development in China with a wide range of poverty and extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty reached 24. 36%. The ecology is fragile,and earthquake outbreaks frequently. Dongchuan District is a national key monitoring and defense area for earthquakes. A large number of goafs,subsidence areas and geological hazard areas have been formed in the mining area. The number of dangerous houses is large,and ' it has no way of supporting its own inhabitants' is the key point,difficulty and focus of the county’s poverty alleviation. Relocation is a must-have measure to move away from poverty. It is also complex system engineering,which is policy-oriented and difficult. Since 2017,Dongchuan District has regarded relocation has the top priority for poverty alleviation. It has strictly implemented national,provincial and municipal policies,focused on the overall goal of ' moving,securing and getting rich',and strongly promoted the relocation work for poverty alleviation. Obvious social,economic and ecological benefits have been achieved. Successful relocation,combined with ecology-oriented poverty alleviation and other targeted poverty alleviation measures,Dongchuan District’s fight against poverty has achieved a decisive victory. At the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the region fell to 1. 09%,and 129 poor villages( including 86 extremely poor villages) had been successfully lifted out of poverty. This paper analyzes and condenses the specific practices,main achievements,benefits,successful experiences and implications of the region’s relocation combined with ecology-oriented poverty alleviation model,so as to provide necessary reference for the innovation of relocation in poverty-stricken counties of Yunnan Province and similar provinces( cities,districts).

Study on Rural Poverty in Ecologically Fragile Areas——A Case Study of the Tibetan Areas in Sichuan Province

This article offers an overview of natural environment, economic development, and social development in the Tibetan areas in Sichuan Province. The major manifestations of the status quo of poverty in the Tibetan areas are as follows: there is a wide range of poverty and a large poor population; the poverty degree is high and it is difficult to alleviate poverty; the natural disasters are frequent and the phenomenon of poverty arising from disasters is serious. We analyze the factors responsible for poverty of farmers and herdsmen in Sichuan Province as follows: first, the natural conditions are inclement and the ecological environment is fragile; second, the social attitudes are stale and the religious influence is deep; third, the development of education lags behind, the human capital inputs are short and the self-development capacity is weak; fourth, the state poverty alleviation and development policy is weakly directed at region; fifth, the Tibetan areas are facing the dilemma of choosing resources endowments or ecological protection. Following proposals are put forward to resolve the poverty issue in the Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province: strengthen infrastructure construction, and underpin self-development capacity of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan Province; reinforce organic connection of social security and poverty alleviation and development, and promote self-development capacity of impoverished farmers and herdsmen in the Tibetan areas; strengthen policy support, and improve self-development policy and mechanism of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan Province; drive the popularization of technology and culture in the Tibetan areas, and update the development concept of farmers and herdsmen in the Tibetan areas; accelerate the development of competitive industries in Tibetan areas, and promote economic development capacity of the Tibetan areas.

Fostering Ecologically Sustainable Growth

IN July,2,400 guests from 35 countries and regions attended the Eco Forum Global Annual Conference Guiyang 2018 in Guiyang,a national forest city in southwest China.The theme of the conference was"Embracing a New Era of

Infrastructure for China＇s Ecologically Balanced Civilization

China＇s green investment needs up to 2020 are ￥1.7 trillion-2.9 trillion CNY （$274 billion-468 billion USD） per year. Estimates of financing requirements are provided for multiple sectors, including susainable energy, infrastructure （including for environmental protection）, environmental remediation, industrial pollution control, energy and water efficiency, and green products. The context to China＇s green financing is discussed, covering urbanization, climate change, interactions between infrastructure sectors, and the transformation of industry. Much of the infrastructure financing will occur in cities, with a focus on equity, environmental protection, and quality of life under the National New-Type Urbanization Plan （2014-2020）. China has implemented many successful policies in the building sector, but there is still considerable scope for improvement in the energy efficiency of Chinese buildings. China is currently pursuing low-carbon growth strategies that are consistent with its overall environmental and quality-of-life objectives. Beyond 2020, China＇s future as an ecologically balanced civilization will rest on the implementation of a central infrastructure policy： China 2050 High Renewable Energy Penetration Scenario and Roadmap Study. As exemplified by the Circular Economy Development Strategy and Near-Term Action Plan, an essential part of China＇s green industrial transformation involves engineering systems that conserve materials, thereby reducing or even eliminating wastes. To better understand changes to China＇s economy under its green transformation and to unlock large potential sources of finance, it is necessary to undertake a fuller examination of all of China＇s infrastructure sectors, particularly freight rail infrastructure and ports. Large investments are required to clean up a legacy of environmental contamination of soil and groundwater and to reduce industrial pollution. Transformation of the power sector away from coal will avoid some industrial treatment costs. The contribution of engineers in planning, designing, and constructing China＇s new green infrastructure will be furthered by understanding the broad policy context and the interactions between land use, infrastructure, and environmental performance.

Game Analysis and Mechanism Design of Ecological Protection Red Line for Ecologically Vulnerable Areas in Western China

Drawing the ecological protection red line is to maintain the integrity and benign operation of the ecosystem within the area,and to ensure that the ecological environment is within the boundary of controllable ecological security.Taking the ecologically vulnerable areas in western China as the research object and using the game theory and literature analysis,this paper studied the game behavior of ecological protection red line in these areas.In addition,this paper also analyzed the stakeholders such as government,enterprises and the masses in the drawing of the ecological protection red line,and comprehensively analyzed the game strategies between the government and the masses,the government and enterprises,and the central and local governments and enterprises.On the basis of the analysis,it came up with a safeguard mechanism for the coordination of the interests of the ecological protection red line.

Phytosociology with Other Characteristic Biologically and Ecologically of Plant in Palestine

Idna, Hebron area, Palestine was subject to phytosociological study through the period from March to May 2013;this area has a characteristic dry, arid, semi-arid and very little of sub-humid and locates between Mediterranean, Negev and Sinai regions. We took 237 samples of different species plants from Idna village;the absence of phytosociological studies on the area led us to run a statistical treatment on the 237 woody plant inventories. Moreover, the inventories were made following Braun-Blanquet 1979;we transformed the Braun-Blanquet species abundance-dominance values into those of Van der Maarel 1979. In the statistical treatment we obtained two large groups in the cluster: group (A), representing forests, copses and high shrublands influenced by climate (climatophilous);and group (B), representing Tamarix copses which are influenced by edaphohygrophilic. Working a great interest for Palestine. Due to the lack of phytosociological studies in this country. For the first time gets to sample and characterize the phytosociological methodology woody plant communities. The objective of this study is to obtain bioclimatic indicators to trigger sustainable agricultural development. We propose eight association plant communities such as ASL1 = association of woody plants (association one)—Pistacio palaestinae-Quercetum lokii;ASL2—Capparido sinaicae-Ceratonietum siliquae;ASL3—Cerasus microcarpae-Quercetum ithaburensis;ASL4—Pyro siriacae-Abietetum cilicicae;ASL5—Abio ciliciae-Ceratonietum siliquae;ASL6—Periploco aphylli-Pinetum halepensis;ASL7—Cytisopsis pseudocytiso-Tamaricetum tetragynae;ASL8—Crataego sinaicae-Tamaricetum jordanii.

Vernacular Wisdom as a Path Toward Low-energy Ecologically Sustainable Housing and Settlements: Participatory Design and Building to Rehabilitate Local Adobe Bricks in El Salvador

Globalized cultures,imaginaries,and economies are often matched to the standardization of building approaches.However,solutions that are not tailored for a specific context tend to entail environmental,economic,and social issues.Throughout human history,vernacular wisdom has produced interesting low-energy and climate-responsive architectures all around the globe:These can be seen as interesting examples in an era of global warming and overall uncertainty;at the same time,they represent accessible sustainable solutions in deprived areas of the world as well as in wealthier areas.The experience of participatory design and building process is here presented,carried on in a rural area of El Salvador,Central America.A sanitary facility for a school is designed and realized after the collectively desired recovery and improvement of one of the fruits of local vernacular wisdom in building design,i.e.,the adobe earth brick.Some potentials and limits of such experience as well as of the used technology are reviewed in the perspective of affordable and ecologically sustainable housing and settlements in the area.

Ecologically Based Strategies for Pest Control in Grassland Ecosystems

The researches were carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Cluj-Napoca （Romania）, in laboratory and field conditions （grassland ecosystems）, in four experiments. Our purpose was to study and use some ecological pest control methods based on indirect and direct strategies： （1） the harmful fauna monitoring in grassland ecosystems and useful fauna identification （by visual control, manually collecting, striking method on a tarpaulin）; （2） the use of some physico-mechanical and biotechnical methods （use of barriers-vessels, repellents, attractant traps-alimentary, visual） to control the pests. The researches concerning the indirect strategies, carried out from Mars 2007 to September 2009. There were identified 28 pest species and 29 useful ones. The direct strategies to control the pests consisted of 3 experiments. The use of colored traps with water （August 2008） on a meadow with ryegrass and clover, in 6 variants （white, silver, orange, green, blue and red） ＋ control （yellow）, recorded a very good efficacy at all variants excepting the red trap （variant 6）. The use of repellents （August 2008）, absinth decoction （against aphids and ants）, bracken extract （against aphids and snails）, common tansy decoction （against ants and soil pests） and kaolinite （against a large amount of pests）, recorded good results removing the pests. The attractant traps with alimentary baits （beer）, meant the use of 10 vessels on a 1000 m2 area, which captured 200 slugs （August 2009）. All three methods recorded a good efficacy against the pests.

Synergetic pathways of water-energy-carbon in ecologically vulnerable regions aiming for carbon neutrality:a case study of Shaanxi,China

Synergetic energy-water-carbon pathways are key issues to be tackled under carbon-neutral target and high-quality development worldwide,especially in ecologically vulnerable regions(EVRs).In this study,to explore the synergistic pathways in an EVR,a water-energy-carbon assessment(WECA)model was built,and the synergistic effects of water-energy-carbon were comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed under various scenarios of regional transition.Shaanxi Province was chosen as the representative EVR,and Lower challenge(LEC)and Greater challenge(GER)scenarios of zerocarbon transition were set considering the technological maturity and regional energy characteristics.The results showed that there were limited effects under the zero-carbon transition of the entire region on reducing water withdrawals and improving the water quality.In the LEC scenario,the energy demand and CO_(2) emissions of Shaanxi in 2060 will decrease by 70.9%and 99.4%,respectively,whereas the water withdrawal and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential(FAETP)will only decrease by 8.9%and 1.6%,respectively.This could be attributed to the stronger demand for electricity in the energy demand sector caused by industrial transition measures.The GER scenario showed significant growth in water withdrawals(16.0%)and FAETP(36.0%)because of additional biomass demand.To promote the synergetic development of regional transition,EVRs should urgently promote zero-carbon technologies(especially solar and wind power technologies)between 2020 and 2060 and dry cooling technology for power generation before 2030.In particular,a cautious attitude toward the biomass energy with carbon capture and storage technology in EVRs is strongly recommended.

A novel framework of ecological risk management for urban development in ecologically fragile regions: A case study of Turpan City, China

Assessing and managing ecological risks in ecologically fragile areas remain challenging at present.To get to know the ecological risk situation in Turpan City,China,this study constructed an ecological risk evaluation system to obtain the ecological risk level(ERL)and ecological risk index(ERI)based on the multi-objective linear programming-patch generation land use simulation(MOP-PLUS)model,analyzed the changes in land use and ecological risk in Turpan City from 2000 to 2020,and predicted the land use and ecological risk in 2030 under four different scenarios(business as usual(BAU),rapid economic development(RED),ecological protection priority(EPP),and eco-economic equilibrium,(EEB)).The results showed that the conversion of land use from 2000 to 2030 was mainly between unused land and the other land use types.The ERL of unused land was the highest among all the land use types.The ecological risk increased sharply from 2000 to 2010 and then decreased from 2010 to 2020.According to the value of ERI,we divided the ecological risk into seven levels by natural breakpoint method;the higher the level,the higher the ecological risk.For the four scenarios in 2030,under the EPP scenario,the area at VII level was zero,while the area at VII level reached the largest under the RED scenario.Comparing with 2020,the areas at I and II levels increased under the BAU,EPP,and EEB scenarios,while decreased under the RED scenario.The spatial distributions of ecological risk of BAU and EEB scenarios were similar,but the areas at I and II levels were larger and the areas at V and VI levels were smaller under the EEB scenario than under the BAU scenario.Therefore,the EEB scenario was the optimal development route for Turpan City.In addition,the results of spatial autocorrelation showed that the large area of unused land was the main reason affecting the spatial pattern of ecological risk under different scenarios.According to Geodetector,the dominant driving factors of ecological risk were gross domestic product rating(GDPR),soil type,population,temperature,and distance from riverbed(DFRD).The interaction between driving factor pairs amplified their influence on ecological risk.This research would help explore the low ecological risk development path for urban construction in the future.

Chasing the mechanisms of ecologically adaptive salinity tolerance

Plants adapted to challenging environments offer fascinating models of evolutionary change. Importantly,they also give information to meet our pressing need to develop resilient, low-input crops.With mounting environmental fluctuation—including temperature, rainfall, and soil salinity and degradation—this is more urgent than ever. Happily, solutions are hiding in plain sight: the adaptive mechanismsfrom natural adapted populations, once understood, can then be leveraged. Much recent insighthas come from the study of salinity, a widespread factor limiting productivity, with estimates of 20% ofall cultivated lands affected. This is an expanding problem, given increasing climate volatility, rising sealevels, and poor irrigation practices. We therefore highlight recent benchmark studies of ecologicallyadaptive salt tolerance in plants, assessing macro- and microevolutionary mechanisms, and therecently recognized role of ploidy and the microbiome on salinity adaptation. We synthesize insightspecifically on naturally evolved adaptive salt-tolerance mechanisms, as these works move substantiallybeyond traditional mutant or knockout studies, to show how evolution can nimbly ‘‘tweak’’ plantphysiology to optimize function. We then point to future directions to advance this field that intersectevolutionary biology, abiotic-stress tolerance, breeding, and molecular plant physiology.

Ecological problems and ecological restoration zoning of the Aral Sea

The Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world but it has shrunk dramatically as a result of irrational human activities, triggering the "Aral Sea ecological crisis". The ecological problems of the Aral Sea have attracted widespread attention, and the alleviation of the Aral Sea ecological crisis has reached a consensus among the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan). In the past decades, many ecological management measures have been implemented for the ecological restoration of the Aral Sea. However, due to the lack of regional planning and zoning, the results are not ideal. In this study, we mapped the ecological zoning of the Aral Sea from the perspective of ecological restoration based on soil type, soil salinity, surface water, groundwater table, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), land cover, and aerosol optical depth(AOD) data. Soil salinization and salt dust are the most prominent ecological problems in the Aral Sea. We divided the Aral Sea into 7 first-level ecological restoration subregions(North Aral Sea catchment area in the downstream of the Syr Darya River(Subregion Ⅰ);artificial flood overflow area in the downstream of the Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅱ);physical/chemical remediation area of the salt dust source area in the eastern part of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅲ);physical/chemical remediation area of severe salinization in the central part of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅳ);existing water surface and potential restoration area of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅴ);Aral Sea vegetation natural recovery area(Subregion Ⅵ);and vegetation planting area with slight salinization in the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅶ)) and 14 second-level ecological restoration subregions according to the ecological zoning principles. Implementable measures are proposed for each ecological restoration subregion. For Subregion Ⅰ and Subregion Ⅱ with lower elevations, artificial flooding should be carried out to restore the surface of the Aral Sea. Subregion Ⅲ and Subregion Ⅳ have severe salinization, making it difficult for vegetation to grow. In these subregions, it is recommended to cover and pave the areas with green biomatrix coverings and environmentally sustainable bonding materials. In Subregion Ⅴ located in the central and western parts of the South Aral Sea, surface water recharge should be increased to ensure that this subregion can maintain normal water levels. In Subregion Ⅵ and Subregion Ⅶ where natural conditions are suitable for vegetation growth, measures such as afforestation and buffer zones should be implemented to protect vegetation. This study could provide a reference basis for future comprehensive ecological management and restoration of the Aral Sea.