Spatiotemporal Pattern of Cultivated Land Pressure and Its Influencing Factors in the Huaihai Economic Zone, China

Cultivated land pressure represents a direct reflection of grain security. Existing relevant studies rarely approached the spatiotemporal pattern of cultivated land pressure or the spatial heterogeneity of its influencing factors from the level of economic zones.Taking the Huaihai Economic Zone(HEZ), China for case analysis, this study investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of cultivated land pressure in diverse periods from 2000 to 2018 based on a modified cultivated land pressure index and spatial correlation models. On this basis, it explored the influencing factors of the spatial differentiation of cultivated land pressure in the late stage of the study using geographical detector as well as multi-scale geographically weighted regression model. The results indicated that: 1) in the study period, the global cultivated land pressure index of the study area decreased gradually, but cultivated land pressure increased locally in a significant way, especially in the central and southern Shandong Province;2) the spatial pattern of cultivated land pressure manifested global clustering features. Hot and secondary-hot spots presented a narrowing and clustering trend, whereas cold and secondary-cold spots manifested a spreading and clustering trend;3) average slope, the proportion of non-grain crops, population urbanization rate, and multiple cropping index have significant effects on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land pressure. The former three factors were positively correlated with cultivated land pressure, and the last factor was negatively correlated with cultivated land pressure;and 4) the amount of cultivated land has increased in the central and southern Shandong Province through land consolidation which, nonetheless, failed to improve the grain production. In regards to major grain producing areas similar to the HEZ in China, the authors suggest that great importance should be given to the balance of the quality and quantity of cultivated land, the optimization of agricultural production factors and the rational control of non-grain crops, thus providing a powerful guarantee for grain security in China.

Research of Informatization Demands of New Countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and Related Countermeasures

[Objective] The aim was to survey and analyze informatization demand in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and to propose counter- measures, [Method] A questionnaire was made among farmers on informatization de- mands in different regions in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the re- sults were analyzed to propose countermeasures promoting informatization. [Result] With strengthening of information awareness, information demands in rural areas in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone change as follows： Information demand car- rier changes from traditional media to modern media; demand on information content changes from one-way to diversified one; demand of information service changes from one-way transmission to interaction and exchange. However, some problems still exist in informatization process, such as poor infrastructure, dispersed information resources, higher information expense and shortage of information-based talents. Hence, the countermeasures were proposed, as follows： Rational security systems should be established; financing should be as diversified as possible; informatization infrastructure should be reinforced; agricultural economic information and informatiza- tion service system should be established. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for construction of informatization in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF FREE ECONOMIC ZONES——Different Generations and Structural Features

Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy.

Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Soils of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

In this research, soil samples were collected from Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone to investigate heavy metal pollutions in this region and to evaluate the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollutants based on Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Indexes. According to the results, Hg was the primary heavy metal pollutant in Blue Economic Zone, followed by Cd, Cu, and Pb as prevalent pollutants. Heavy metals ranked in order of their pollution degrees are: Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;the potential ecological risks of heavy metals follow the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. Heavy metal pollutions did exist in this region to a certain extent, and the percentage of potential ecological risk in “strong” and “severe” degree reached up to 13.75%. This composite risk characteristic was subject to the restriction of Hg and Cd mainly distributed in Laizhou-Zhaoyuan- Yantai, Muping-Rushan Goldmine, and other densely-populated regions, threatening the safety production of crops. The combined effects of geological background and human activities, e.g. gold mining and domestic pollutants, were the main causes of high potential ecological risks of heavy metals in local environment.

Implementation Effect of Farmland Protection in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone,China

A multi-level evaluation index system is established with farmland protection as the target layer,farmland quantity,farmland quality andfarmland sustainable development as the criterion layer.And the index layer includes the quantity change of farmland,per capita farmland area,multiple cropping index,total grain yield,unit grain yield,per capita grain security coefficient,and unit machinery dynamical input.Both expert eval-uation method and factor analysis method are used to determine the weight of index.According to the data in farmland area,grain yield and eco-nomic development in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone in the years 1996-2007,a comprehensive evaluation model of intensive farmland use inUrumqi-Changji Economic Zone is established after data standardization.The overall implementation effect of farmland protection policy is ana-lyzed by integrating the farmland quantity,farmland quality and sustainable development.Result shows that implementation effect of farmland pro-tection shows an upward trend in general in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone in the years 1996-2007,with a fluctuation in the years 2000-2003and a stable rising phase from 2004 till now.The maximum value is 0.779 in the year 2007;the minimum value is 0.242 in the year 1996;and themean value in the years 1996-2007 is 0.454.Farmland protection at first strictly controls the farmland quantity,then pays attention to farmlandquality,and finally focuses on the sustainable use of farmland.

LAND USE STRATEGIES IN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OF CHINA:THE CASE STUDY OF HAINAN PROVINCE

Special economic zones are important bridges between Chinaand intemational market. Their economic structure is being transformed andnew land use strategies should be taken correspondingly. HainanProvince, as the biggest special economic zone, has great superiorities andpotentialities for the development of land use. In order to realize the goal,the present land use decision should be mainly guided by market, moreattention should be paid to tropical agriculture and aquatic productindustry, the principle of sustainable development should be strengthened,and the area of farmland for grain production should be stabilized.

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region,this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water,earth,transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator,evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.

Evaluation on Emergency Ability of Agricultural Envrironmental Pollution Incident in Central Plains Economic Zone

Abstract The level of emergency ability directly reflects response effect of an area to emergency. Taking Central Plains Economic Zone as re- search object, by documents retrieval, field survey, mechanism analysis and logical reasoning, evaluation index system for emergency ability of ag- ricultural environmental pollution incident was established, which included 5 first grade indexes, 19 second grade indexes and 53 third grade inde- xes. By mechanism analysis and mathematical derivation, evaluation model for emergency ability of agricultural environmental pollution incident： I =m∑i=1∑j=1Pij, On this basis, four prefecture-level cities （A, B, C and D） of Central Plains Economic Zone were evaluated by using the index system and the evaluated model. The research could provide important theoretical reference for emergency ability construction of agricultural environmental pol- lution incident in Central Plains Economic Zone.

Review of Research on the Development of Tourism Resources in Ecological Economic Zone of Poyang Lake

Based on analyzing and summarizing the previous research results,the existing problems in the researches of tourism resources development in the ecological economic zone of Poyang Lake were analyzed. And then the research trend in the future was pointed out.

Bidding Scheme Design of Central Recreational Area for Xiaogan Linkong Economic Zone

This paper elaborated the bidding scheme design of the Central Recreational Area in Linkong Economic Zone from the perspectives of site analysis, determination of properties, design theme and principle, scheme layout and conception, in order to explore the potential enlightenments of the scheme design process, and disclose significance of site analysis and its close relationship with the scheme design.

Strategies to Promote Sustainable Development of Industrial Parks in Vietnam＇s Northern Key Economic Zone

Industrial Parks （IPs） in the Northern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam （NKEZ） have been making significant contributions to the development of the zone since the first two industrial parks--Noi Bai in Hanoi and Nomura in Hal Phong--were established 15 years ago. So far, there have been 51 IPs in the zone, covering a total area of 13,000 ha. Such IPs play a crucial role in mobilizing capital from domestic and international investors for investments in infrastructure enhancement, trade and production aimed at promoting the economic structure transition. However, besides the above benefits, there are a number of unstable factors preventing further development of the IPs. Thus, the objectives of this study are two-fold. The first is to analyze the unstable factors, and the second is to map out strategies to enhance sustainable development of industrial parks in Vietnam＇s northern key economic zone.

Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

1. Name of development areas and industrial sections: Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area Location: Tonggu Area (state class) Planned area (sq.km): 33 Developed Area: 19 Key industries to be developed: Electronics, machinery and electrical, light industry, refined chemical, foodstuffs, new type building materials, new technology development Add: No. 1, First Avenue, Tianjin Economic and technological Development

A Study on the Determinants of Location Choice in Inward Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）： Focusing on the Incheon Free Economic Zone

Inward foreign direct investment （FDI） is expected to grow further by virtue of economic globalization. A thorough understanding of the locational determinants of inward FDI will be conducive to enhanced efficiency in attracting direct and SOC-related investments from foreign entities. This study analyzes 51 cases of inward direct foreign investment made in the Incheon free economic zone （IFEZ） from 2002 to 2009 to determine the factors influencing FDI volume, the relevance of locations and the correlation between investment size and location. First, the relationship between the loeational determinants of FDI and the total investment size （total expected project cost） is analyzed. Second, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the FDI is analyzed. Third, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the location choice is analyzed. The results indicate the determinants that influence locations and investment size of FDI entities; whether these factors exercise influence in the zone; and the factors that have relatively significant effects. Ultimately, based on the analytical findings, a few implications for policy and practice are derived.

The best way of bilateral special economic zone to Sino-Vietnam economic cooperation

The Bilateral Special Economic Zones is a new idea about economic co-operation ways. It is going to be set by both countries with a common boundary for promoting the economic co-operation between two sides. It can be firstly set along the boundary between China and Vietnam. It will promote the economic co-operation between them, but China and ASEAN. It can be set along the Chinese boundary with the neighboring countries and will promote the economic co-operation between the both sides for setting up a better environment around China.

Special Economic Zones——New growth points in China's economy

It was approved by the State Council in1984 to establish economic andtechnological development zones in 14coastal port cities to function as windows forthose cities to attract foreign investment,introduce advanced technology andmanagement methods and expand the export-oriented economy. Since 1992, 18 otherdevelopment zones have been approved bythe Council, increasing the number of suchzones to 32.

Research on the Tourism talents training mechanism of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone

In order to promote the tourism development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, to attract more customers, to build an effective personnel training mechanism, training professionals is very necessary. The advantages of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone tourism development are introduced in this paper, and pointed out that the tourism talent training needs analysis of talent training status and improvement measures are proposed, including the integration of the region education resources, pay attention to the skilled personnel training, improve the teaching curriculum setting, improve the quality of Teachers, strengthen the construction of training base.

Optimization and competition promotion of industrial structure in Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone

Blue economic zone is a typical regional economic mode,which is specially characterized by marine economy and has multiple economic types coexisting and interacting through integrating marine and land resources.With the continuous progress of science and technology,marine economy as a strategy to promote economic development is approved in many countries.The Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone(BSPEZ) reflects the local demands of economic development,and its upgrading and enhancing competitiveness of the industrial structure is also of obvious significance for enhancement of the development of eastern China and the national marine economy.This paper thinks that the BSPEZ has many advantages,such as unique marine economy,growing high-tech industries,more and more mature industrial system,advancing technological innovation,and outstanding big enterprises,large projects and regional bright brands,but it is also facing problems of low industry cluster,similar industrial structure with each other,still weak technological innovation.So we put forwards the basic approaches to upgrade and enhance the industrial structure:transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industries with advantages,accelerating the development of new marine industries and high-tech industries,integrating marine and land industry,and promoting the rational system arrangements.

Experiences and Prospects of China＇s Free Economic Zones after over 20 Years

Chinese FEZs are used as the tool for opening-up policy and the structural reform as well as the growth pole for the regional economic development. It is true that no Free Economic Zones （FEZs） in the world like in China have made so strong impact on national economic development and structural reform. Due to the change of their existing condition since the middle of 1990s, Chinese FEZs have to face the new challenges and problems. This study discusses and prospects the transformation and further development of Chinese FEZs in the 21^st century as well as their significance for the transformation of FEZs in other countries based on the analysis of the indicators such as the role, policy, industrial sectors, administration, development model, spatial structure and location.

Develop an Air Emission Inventory for Potential Point Sources in Northern Key Economic Zone and Simulate Its Impacts on Air Quality in Hanoi City,Vietnam

The Northern Key Economic region of Vietnam is a dynamic economic center that is an important economic locomotive of the North and the whole of Vietnam.In this area,large industrial parks are concentrated,attracting many large FDI projects.Key industries:cement production,cars-motorcycles,electronics,...Economic development entails environmental problems.The industrial sector has been identified as the number one driving force driving the growth of Hanoi city and neighboring provinces.Therefore,industrial development is one of the main causes of environmental pollution.In addition,the growth rate of industry in neighboring provinces significantly affects the air quality in Hanoi city.Some factories in Vinh Phuc,Hung Yen,Bac Ninh and Hai Duong provinces have large sources of gas emissions,potentially affecting air quality around Hanoi city.Monitoring results show that air pollution in Hanoi city is mainly caused by dust pollution,especially PM2.5 superfine dust.This is a very harmful dust to health;it is necessary to determine the cause and control solution.Therefore,the objectives of this study are:(1)inventory of potential emissions sources for industrial activities in the northern key economic region around Hanoi;(2)Simulate air spread by AERMOD model to get an overall picture of the industrial impact of surrounding provinces in Hanoi city;(3)Propose solutions to manage air quality for the city in the coming time.Simulation results for pollutants with the highest concentration of NOx for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 7.94;1.02;0.222(μg/m3);of CO for 1 hour and 8 hours are 27.616;8.89(μg/m3);of SO2 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 4.005;0.288;0.038(μg/m3);of PM2.5 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 0.32;0.023;0.003(μg/m3);of PM10 in 1 hour,24 hours and year average are 1.03;0.074;0.098(μg/m3).