AI赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价

人工智能正在改变整个人类社会,丰富人们的文化生活,促进科技创新与发展,是各行各业“新质化”的促进剂。人工智能可为哲学社会科学提供高效的研究工具和研究场景,将深刻影响哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价的方方面面。加速人工智能在哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价领域的深入应用,提升哲学社会科学研究效率,促进哲学社会科学的创新与发展,构建自主知识体系,是当下哲学社会科学工作者的重要使命。为推进AI赋能哲学社会科学(AI4SS),2024年9月28日,由西华大学、四川省社会科学学术期刊协会主办,西华大学学术期刊部、四川省社会科学重点研究基地四川学术成果分析与应用研究中心承办的“AI赋能社科研究与评价天府论坛”在西华大学举行。来自南京大学、中国人民大学、四川大学等高校与科研机构的20位专家学者,从不同学科、研究领域出发,就人工智能赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价进行了深入交流。文章为20位专家学者在论坛上所作报告的主要观点。这些报告议题包括AI赋能人文社科研究方法的变革,法学、教育学、经济学、图书情报学、新闻传播等社会学科视域下的人工智能,AI辅助社会科学研究的学术伦理,人工智能在医疗健康、大宗商品价格风险监测、大学生高阶思维能力培养等方面的应用,AI赋能学术期刊出版与传播,AI赋能哲学社会科学评价新模式、新平台、新场景,等等。这些议题共同描绘了一个由AI技术驱动的多学科融合与创新的新时代。

Catalytic performances of Ni/mesoporous SiO_2 catalysts for dry reforming of methane to hydrogen

Several mesoporous silicas with different morphologies were controllably prepared by sol-gel method with adjustable ratio of dual template, and they were further impregnated with aqueous solution of nickel nitrate, followed by calcination in air. The synthesized silica supports and supported nickel samples were characterized using N2-adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) techniques. The Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica are highly dispersed and yielded much narrower nickel particle-size than those on other mesoporous silica. The methane reforming with dioxide carbon reaction results showed that Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica carrier exhibited the better catalytic performance and catalytic stability than those of nickel catalyst supported on other silica carrier. The thermo-gravimetric analysis on used nickel catalysts uncovered that catalyst deactivation depends on the type and nature of the coke deposited. The heterogeneous nature of the deposited coke was observed on nickel nanoparticles supported on spherical and peanut-like silica. Much narrower and lower TGA derivative peak was founded on Ni catalyst supported on the shell-like silica. © 2016 Science Press

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

The Supply-Side Structural Reforms——Adapting to and Leading China's New Normal

The Central Economic Working Conference proposed supplyside structural reforms which can be regarded as major innovations and necessary measures that adapt to and lead the new normal of economic development. The 13^(th) Five Year Plan is a critical period for the transformation of economic development patterns and economic restructuring, so clarifying the theoretical values and practical significances of the supply-side structural reforms, making a clear explanation of the scientific connotations and policy implications of these reforms from a scientific standpoint, and discussing concrete measures to promote the reforms against the background of the economic new normal not only has academic values but also has important practical implications. Viewed from the practical standpoint of China' s new normal and through analyzing the basic national conditions, this article proposes a roadmap for implementing the proposed reforms and points out that only by doing well in the hybrid operation of "addition, subtraction, multiplication and division", based on the framework of the "five policy pillars", an innovative path of the supply-side structural reforms with Chinese characteristics can be paved.

中国耕地非农化对经济增长贡献的地区差异分析

现阶段中国耕地非农化对经济增长贡献存在地区差异,掌握差异的主要来源和变化趋势有利于耕地非农化指标的高效调配,促进地区经济增长的协调发展。利用1989～2001年我国东、中、西部建设用地占用耕地面积和国内生产总值的分省数据,测算了以建设用地占用耕地面积和GDP增量为对象的基尼系数、加权变异系数以及泰尔指数等指标,并对泰尔指数进行因素分解得到差异的主要来源和变化趋势。结果表明:三类地区内部省际差异是总体差异的主要来源,其中东部内部差异对总体差异贡献增大、中部减小、西部有先增大后减小趋势。鉴于此,从促进资源的高效利用和保护地区间公平发展环境的角度出发,耕地非农化指标调控的重点在于三类地区各自内部省份之间的调剂。

Nonlinear Differential Equation of Macroeconomic Dynamics for Long-Term Forecasting of Economic Development

In this article we derive a general differential equation that describes long-term economic growth in terms of cyclical and trend components. Equation is based on the model of non-linear accelerator of induced investment. A scheme is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equation by splitting solution into the rapidly oscillating business cycles and slowly varying trend using Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging. Simplest modes of the economic system are described. Characteristics of the bifurcation point are found and bifurcation phenomenon is interpreted as loss of stability making the economic system available to structural change and accepting innovations. System being in a nonequilibrium state has a dynamics with self-sustained undamped oscillations. The model is verified with economic development of the US during the fifth Kondratieff cycle (1982-2010). Model adequately describes real process of economic growth in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is one of major results that the model gives a rough estimation of critical points of system stability loss and falling into a crisis recession. The model is used to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of the US during the sixth Kondratieff cycle (2018-2050). For this forecast we use fixed production capital functional dependence on a long-term Kondratieff cycle and medium-term Juglar and Kuznets cycles. More accurate estimations of the time of crisis and recession are based on the model of accelerating log-periodic oscillations. The explosive growth of the prices of highly liquid commodities such as gold and oil is taken as real predictors of the global financial crisis. The second wave of crisis is expected to come in June 2011.

A Preliminary Study on the Rural Land System Reform in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the rural land system has experienced the evolution from contracting to transfer to the current rural revitalization strategy,and has always been closely linked to the well-being of farmers and the vigorous development of the rural economy.The reform of this system is not only a key driving force for rural economic development,but also an important cornerstone for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of rural revitalization and rural land system reform,this study discusses in detail the internal dynamic mechanism of rural land system reform driving rural revitalization,and comprehensively analyzes the current implementation of rural land system reform.On this basis,this study puts forward the strategic concept of promoting the rural land system reform in the context of rural revitalization.Studies have shown that the rural land system reform has mainly played a positive role in the following four aspects in promoting rural revitalization:providing a solid material foundation for rural revitalization,optimizing the allocation of rural resources,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industrial structure,and promoting rural social harmony and stability.In the context of the current rural revitalization,the rural land system reform is undoubtedly one of the core issues of China s rural development.In order to further improve this system,we need to continue to optimize and innovate the rural land transfer system,the homestead reform system,and the rural collective construction land market entry system.

Engineering oxygen vacancies on Tb-doped ceria supported Pt catalyst for hydrogen production through steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels

Steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels for hydrogen production has received great attention for thermal management of the hypersonic vehicle and fuel-cell application.In this work,Pt catalysts supported on CeO_(2)and Tb-doped CeO_(2)were prepared by a precipitation method.The physical structure and chemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,H_(2)temperature programmed reduction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that Tb-doped CeO_(2)supported Pt possesses abundant surface oxygen vacancies,good inhibition of ceria sintering,and strong metal-support interaction compared with CeO_(2)supported Pt.The catalytic performance of hydrogen production via steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels(n-dodecane)was tested.Compared with 2Pt/CeO_(2),2Pt/Ce_(0.9)Tb_(0.1)O_(2),and 2Pt/Ce_(0.5)Tb_(0.5)O_(2),the 2Pt/Ce_(0.7)Tb_(0.3)O_(2)has higher activity and stability for hydrogen production,on which the conversion of n-dodecane was maintained at about 53.2%after 600 min reaction under 700℃at liquid space velocity of 9 ml·g^(-1)·h^(-1).2Pt/CeO_(2)rapidly deactivated,the conversion of n-dodecane was reduced to only 41.6%after 600 min.

Regional Brand and High-quality Development of Fruits in Ethnic Areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the Greater Food Approach

Establishing the Greater Food Approach and promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt s national major regional development strategy can better support and serve the agricultural power and Chinese-style modernization.This paper introduces the characteristics of fruit industry in 16 autonomous prefectures and 47 autonomous counties under the jurisdiction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It studies the intellectual property resources of brand marks from the aspects of geographical indications,collective trademarks,certification trademarks,well-known trademarks in China and national design patents,and analyzes the main problems of brand and high-quality development of fruit industry in these ethnic autonomous areas.Finally,it puts forward some strategies,such as improving the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications,using intellectual property rights of brand signs,building modern seed industry upgrading project,drawing lessons from the experience of thousand villages demonstration project,ensuring that large-scale poverty does not occur,and building a diversified food supply system.

Research and Practice of Course Reform in English Majors of Colleges and Universities from the Ideological and Political Perspective

There is an urgent need for high-quality talents with ideological and moral character for the development of higher education and the cultivation of English majors who meet the requirements of the times.The course reform in English majors from the ideological and political perspective is an important way to improve the comprehensive quality and moral values of students,which helps to cultivate English talents with social responsibility and innovative abilities.This paper analyzes the problems in the current courses through literature review and field research,such as the lack of ideological and political perspective and low interest of students in ideological and political content.Based on these issues,taking the course“Comprehensive English”as an example,various teaching stages were practiced from the aspects of learning objectives,learning content,learning situation,implementation ideas,implementation effects,and teaching evaluation.Additionally,some suggestions are proposed,such as integrating ideological and political content into the entire process of teaching.The teaching staff needs to possess high-level English teaching ability and ideological and political perspective,standardize the evaluation system,and integrate epistemology into the evaluation process of ideological and political education,in order to promote in-depth research and exploration of ideological and political education of English majors.

公用事业民营化的行政法思考

公用事业民营化改革对我国行政法治建设和宪政制度建设具有良性推动作用。公用事业民营化改革的关键是处理好政府角色、功能的合理定位问题,同时要处理好政府、公用事业企业、消费者三方的关系。具体途径是设立独立的管制机构,实现政府从公用事业的垄断经营者向竞争性经营的组织者的角色转变;积极落实政府信息公开和听证制度,实现政府管制程序的法治化;要从完善公共财政制度建设着手,进一步规范政府对公用事业领域的财政支出;要积极打造诚信政府,强化和完善政府责任的落实和追究。

The Impact of Health Care Reform Initiatives on Ethical Conflict and Opportunities for Nurses to Improve Quality of Care While Enhancing Their Work Environments

Background: After more than a decade of the nursing profession contending that healthcare reform based almost exclusively on cost cutting was creating an array of serious ethical issues for nurses, healthcare organizations and other providers are now facing increasing demands primarily from payers to demonstrate improvement in both quality of care and patient experience along with continued cost reduction. Research Question: Have efforts by healthcare organizations to comply with these recently imposed requirements influenced the ethical environment faced by nurses and nurse leaders and if so, how? Materials and Methods: Data for assessing the current ethical environment was gathered with a close-ended survey mailed in October 2012 to a random sample of 3000 members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of the data and comparison with the findings of a similar study conducted in 2000 indicated that along with five highly rated issues in the earlier study attributed largely to economic constraints imposed by healthcare organizations, the top-10 key ethical issues today included five issues primarily attributable to interprofessional conflict. Conclusion: Given the success of many ongoing efforts aimed at weakening these key sources of ethical conflict that have blocked many proposals to improve the quality of care, opportunities should arise for the nursing profession to more fully achieve its goals of improving the quality of care, safety and patient satisfaction and enhancing nurses’ work environments essential to that effort.

区域物流能力与区域经济发展的典型相关分析——基于全国面板数据

从物流基础设施、物流经济产出、物流产业规模等方面的指标体系入手,构建包含区域经济产出、社会物资需求、基础设施投资等方面的区域经济指标体系。基于2003～2008年中国31个省市的面板数据,利用典型相关分析方法对区域物流能力与区域经济发展进行实证分析。结果表明区域物流能力与区域经济发展高度相关,并结合其他统计分析结果数据提出了促进区域物流能力发展的建议。

中国区域物流业与经济发展协调度研究--基于复合系统模型与30个省区面板数据

采用复合系统模型计算了全国30个省(区)物流业子系统与经济子系统的有序度,在此基础上得出了全国与东、中、西3个地区各子系统有序度和复合系统协调度,并进一步分析了经济最发达的4个区域的协调度在研究时段内的变化情况。结果显示对物流业子系统贡献最大的序参量是周转量,受各个地方政府2005年加大物流业投入影响,物流业固定资产投资对物流业子系统贡献也明显上升。对经济子系统而言,城镇与农村居民恩格尔系数与人均工资先后对经济子系统贡献最大。总体上,东、中、西3个地区协调度呈上升趋势。

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

几种生态种植模式的环境生态经济效应研究

在三峡库区典型紫色土坡耕地,设置了四种生态种植模式,进行经济和生态环境效应的研究。结果表明:投入产出比,梨×连翘/花生>桃×连翘/花生>桃/花生>梨/花生>CK,其中梨×连翘/花生与桃×连翘/花生模式分别比对照提高69.9%和65.5%,;影响果树冠幅的主要因子是土层厚度、坡位与种植模式;套种连翘的二种模式须根量明显比其它模式高,树种根系分布特征、种植密度和土层厚度是影响须根量的主要因素;种植模式和坡位均显著影响土壤孔隙度的发育,各种植模式的土壤孔隙度顺序:梨×连翘/花生>桃×连翘/花生>桃/花生>梨/花生>CK,随坡位的升高土壤孔隙度呈降低的趋势;各生态种植模式土壤肥力均比对照有所提高,乔、灌、草结合是一种较好的维持土壤肥力模式。结合生态、经济指标,三峡库区紫色土丘陵区可推广梨×连翘/花生模式与桃×连翘/花生两种模式。

黄河应急调水经济补偿制度初探

由于水资源日益紧张,实施应急水量调度已成为解决缺水地区水资源危机的常见手段。本文以黄河流域的应急调水为研究对象,分析了在产生正面效益的同时,应急调水也给上游造成发电、灌溉、生态等方面的损失。应急调水改变了正常的水资源分配秩序,使黄河水权制度处于不稳定的状态,从而影响水资源配置的公平性和高效性。需要建立合理的应急调水经济补偿制度来解决各方的矛盾冲突,消除调水的不利影响。本文建立了调水补偿制度的制度框架,对补偿制度的关键问题—补偿量的核算方式进行了研究,建立了水电站发电损失核算模型和灌区灌溉损失核算模型,进行了实例计算。目的是通过制度创新的方式推动黄河水资源的优化配置,为我国其他流域以及跨流域的水资源配置提供借鉴。

Upcycling municipal solid waste to sustainable hydrogen via two-stage gasification-reforming

As global municipal solid waste(MSW)quantities continue to escalate,serious socio-environmental challenges arise,necessitating innovative solutions.Waste-to-hydrogen(WTH)via two-stage gasification-reforming(TSGR)presents an emergent technology for MSW upcycling,offering to ease waste management burdens and bolster the burgeoning hydrogen economy.Despite early initiatives to advance TSGR technology,a cohesive and critical analysis of cutting-edge knowledge and strategies to enhance hydrogen production remains lacking.This review aggregates literature on MSW upcycling to hydrogen via TSGR,with a focus on optimizing process control and catalytic efficiency.It underscores technological avenues to augment hydrogen output,curtail catalyst costs,and refine system performance.Particularly,the review illuminates the potential for integrating chemical and calcium looping into TSGR processes,identifying opportunities,and pinpointing challenges.The review concludes with a summary of the current state of techno-economic analysis for this technology,presenting outstanding challenges and future research directions,with the ultimate goal of transitioning WTH from theoretical to practical application.

Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production driven by an atomically precise Cu catalyst

Plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer from metal nanostructures is being intensely pursed in current photocatalytic research,however it remains elusive whether molecular-like metal clusters with excitonic behavior can be used as light-harvesting materials in solar energy utilization such as photocatalytic methanol steam reforming.In this work,we report an atomically precise Cu_(13)cluster protected by dual ligands of thiolate and phosphine that can be viewed as the assembly of one top Cu atom and three Cu_(4)tetrahedra.The Cu_(13)H_(10)(SR)_(3)(PR’_(3))_(7)(SR=2,4-dichlorobenzenethiol,PR’_(3)=P(4-FC_(6)H_(4))_(3))cluster can give rise to highly efficient light-driven activity for methanol steam reforming toward H_(2)production.

Chemical looping reforming of the micromolecular component from biomass pyrolysis via Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-16

To solve the problems of low gasification efficiency and high tar content caused by solid–solid contact between biomass and oxygen carrier in traditional biomass chemical looping gasification process.The decoupling strategy was adopted to decouple the biomass gasification process,and the composite oxygen carrier was prepared by embedding Fe_(2)O_(3) in molecular sieve SBA-16 for the chemical looping reforming process of pyrolysis micromolecular model compound methane,which was expected to realize the directional reforming of pyrolysis volatiles to prepare hydrogen-rich syngas.Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction system was carried out based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method,and the reforming performance was evaluated by a fixed bed reactor,and the kinetic parameters were solved based on the gas–solid reaction model.Thermodynamic analysis verified the feasibility of the reaction and provided theoretical guidance for experimental design.The experimental results showed that the reaction performance of Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-16 was compared with that of pure Fe_(2)O_(3) and Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-15,and the syngas yield was increased by 55.3%and 20.7%respectively,and it had good cycle stability.Kinetic analysis showed that the kinetic model changed from three-dimensional diffusion to first-order reaction with the increase of temperature.The activation energy was 192.79 kJ/mol by fitting.This paper provides basic data for the directional preparation of hydrogen-rich syngas from biomass and the design of oxygen carriers for pyrolysis of all-component chemical looping reforming.