Economic Structure Transformation and Land Use Change of the Changjiang River Basin

Land, as a key factor of production, is an appropriate indicator of national and regional economic structure transformation. Land use in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Basin （CRB） since the 1950s has experienced these changes. Industrialization has been the most powerful force of the change in the regional development of the CRB. Virtually all regional resources were put into this effort to modernize the industrial production and urban construction systems of the CRB whose industrialization and urbanization has been a success story, with impressive structural change in both production and land use. These changes are evident ih modem urban areas, but even more in traditionally rural areas. The regression analysis of regional development in the CRB over an extended period shows that the dominant factor in regional land use change is widespread industrialization in rural areas rather than the expansion of urban area. Thus, urbanization has had a limited influence on land use change in the CRB. A major task in realizing more sustainable land use in the future development of CRB is to relocate industrial activities from rural to urban areas.

Explore economic restructuring Institutional Analysis based on the urban-rural dual economic structure

China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.

Present situation and countermeasure research of economic structure of Shaanxi Province

Economic structure is a significant factor impacting economic growth and economic growth quality. In this paper, the present status of economic structure of Shaanxi Province is analyzed, and available primal problem is indicated. There have been a lot of problems in economic structure of Shaanxi Province, mainly including slow tertiary industry development, comparatively grave unbalance of light and heavy industries proportion, lagged development in high and new technology industries, high industry convergence degree, low scale effect, slow agriculture expanding and so on. Meanwhile, homologous countermeasure is given in this text： we should develop tertiary industry with tourism as the leading role energetically to promote industrial hierarchy, impulse structural rationalization of foreign trade through international cooperation and competition, accelerate the industrialization, promote industrial structure upgrade, develop the high and new technology industries quickly, accelerate the promotion of industry scale effect and expedite expansion of industry colony. We should also develop superior industry, reduce industry convergence degree, and develop the agriculture energetically to promote the industrialization and modernization of agriculture. These points are given in the interest of supplying gist and reference to government in industrial structure adjusting and policy making.

China's Economic Structure:Changes and Challenges

This paper elaborates the changes in key aspects of China's economic structure including industrial structure, demand structure, regional structure, income distribution and foreign trade, discusses the challenges confronting China's economic structure, and proposes policy recommendations on addressing these challenges.

日元汇率波动新态势

Concurrent with the interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve(Fed) at the beginning of 2022, the Japanese yen entered a fast track to depreciation. Since November 2022, however, as the Fed slowed its tightening pace and as the Bank of Japan(BoJ)tweaked its monetary policy, the yen has regained some of the ground it lost. Overall, the yen has been characterized by strong volatility. The primary factor driving the fluctuations of the yen in the short term is the widening United States–Japan interest rate differential. From a mid-to-long-term perspective, the underlying reason behind the exchange rate movements of the yen is the BoJ’s monetary policy and the Japanese economy’s structural changes.The fluctuations of the yen are a mixed blessing for the Japanese economy;in the long run, however, they will do more harm than good. As for the world economy, turbulent yen fluctuations may trigger a fresh round of currency competition and disrupt the financial markets. Looking ahead, for long-term healthy economic development, Japan needs to cut down on its exchange rate dependence and restructure and upgrade its economy.

A Review and Outlook of the Centennial of China’s Industrialization:The CPC’s Industrialization Strategy

Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.

A SIMULTANEOUS APPROACH TO WATER - RESOURCE PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT—A Case Study of Guanzhong Region in the Huanghe River Basin, China

A regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis. Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development, water resource utilization, wastewater and pollutant discharge, and investment in wastewater treatment. The model, which consists of production structure and industrial structure optimization modules, was applied to the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin in China. By evaluating several alternative production and industrialization schemes, the modal indicate that water pollution will get worsen though wastewater treatment improves if the economy continues to develop at the planned speed without structural adjustment. However, the results also show that not only economic goals but also water resource protection and pollution control targets can be achieved under an alternative, recommended production and industrial structure. This example illustrates that economic development and environmental protection can be improved coordinately by the regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model. It provides an operable approach to the simultaneous sustained development of water resources and economic growth.

Evolution Rules of Urban-rural Development and Inspiration for China's Agriculture

Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.

Research on the Development of Economy and Farmers' Income Growth in Heilongjiang Province

Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and social development. Heilongjiang is a big agricultural province, however, the increase of farmers＇ per capital net income is rather slow in the last few years. On the basis of Lewis dual economic structure theory and our province＇s actual situation, the paper proposed the concrete countermeasures to increase farmers＇ income, so as to promote the development of economy.

Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Shandong Province

This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expan- sion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.

Real Interest Rates,Real Wages and Economic Restructuring—Analysis Based on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium(DSGE)

On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms of China's Industries

Supply-side structural reforms are structural adjustments and institutional reforms to address the mismatch between supply and demand and improve TFP. The mismatch is exhibited at the supply side and arises from structural contradictions and must be addressed through reforms. Supply-side structural reforms can be analyzed at the levels of firms, industries and government to arrive at theoretical and systematic conclusions that offer practical guidance. Based on this perspective, this paper proposes policy recommendations on how to deal with zombie firms, reduce cost for manufacturing companies, deepen SOE reforms, eliminate overcapacity, implement ＂Made in China 2025＂ and Internet＋ strategies, promote Beijing-l^anjin-Hebei integrated development, as well as develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the old industrial bases of the northeast.

Construction of Regional Economic Vitality Model

Regional economic vitality reflects the scale and development potential of a region’s economy.It largely determines the development of the city,and is also affected by many factors such as population competitiveness,corporate competitiveness,market vitality,innovation vitality,and environmental vitality.A pilot model was constructed with Hebei Province as the inspection area.Quantitative measurement of regional economic vitality was made by finding 21 indicators that indirectly or indirectly affect the economic vitality of Hebei Province.By analyzing the data of 21 indicators for nearly 10 years,the time series clustering is used to achieve the dimensionality reduction of the indicators.After the dimension reduction,it is divided into four categories:overall scale,development potential,market vitality,and innovation vitality.Construct the economic vitality structure model of Hebei Province,and determine the four types of contribution to economic vitality and compare them.On this basis,more accurately grasp the indicators that affect economic vitality and work out reasonable and effective action plans.From the perspective of human resources and corporate vitality,analyze how the action plan accurately affects the economic vitality of Hebei Province[1].The 11 cities in Hebei Province are the target of regional economic vitality.The economic vitality structure model constructed uses the required contribution value to select priority indicators.Finally,the six indicators of GPD,GPD growth rate,fiscal revenue,fiscal revenue growth rate,number of industrial enterprises above designated size,and total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size were established for eleven cities in Hebei Province to construct a TOPSIS scoring model,and calculation rankings were conducted through MATLAB.Results The top three cities were Shijiazhuang,Tangshan and Cangzhou.

Empirical Analysis of Economic Growth in Sichuan Province

For a long time, the factors influencing a regional economic growth are mainly workforce, capital and scientific and technological progress. But with the further promotion of China＇s reform and opening-up and intensification of the further improvement degree, the main factors influencing a regional economic growth constantly change. This paper utilizes the relevant data of Sichuan to set up the econometric model and quantitatively studies the factors influencing economic growth of Sichuan. Through comparing the greatness that each factor influences the economic growth of Sichuan, the paper takes system changes as leading factor to influence the economic growth during 1984-2003 of Sichuan. At the same time, the upgrading of industrial structure will be a core of economic growth in the future, and the scientific and technological progress is the potential force of economic growth.

Chinese Economic Structure and SDA Model

With the rapid economic growth, Chinese economic structure has greatly changed. In this paper we propose a new structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model and use it to analyze the Chinese structure change from 1981 to 1995 on the basis of input\|output tables of China with 18 sectors at current price and at constant price, constructed by us.

Understanding spatial structures and organizational patterns of city networks in China: A highway passenger flow perspective

The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.

Value Circulation,Economic Structure,and the New Development Paradigm:A Theoretical Framework of Political Economy and International Comparison

This study constructs a theoretical framework for understanding the new development paradigm based on value circulation and the reproduction theory of Marx.According to these theories,the essence of economic circulation is value circulation,the core of which is mutual matching among the structures of technological,distribution,demand,and production.We adopted a three-sector reproduction model with fixed capital to understand different development paradigms under various combinations of the four aforementioned structures.On this basis,we use the 1957-2017 input-output table to construct the three-sector tables and explain the logic of China’s economic structure change and the characteristics of the resulting circulation patterns.We also compared the economic structures and circulation patterns of the United States and Japan with those of China to shed light on China’s choice of future economic circulation patterns and the new development paradigms.

A DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS

Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the following problems. The decomposition forms, which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant, are not unique due to the existence of a multitude of equivalent forms, irrational due to the weights of different determinants not matching, inexact due to the existence of large interaction terms.In this paper, a decomposition method is derived to overcome these deficiencies, and we prove that the result of this approach is equal to the Shapley value in cooperative games,and so some properties of the method are obtained. Beyond that, the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature have been proved to be the approximate solutions of the method.

Digital Economy Enables High-Quality Economic Development: Theoretical Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence

Digital economy has become the primary motivation for high-quality economic development.Upon comprehensively analyzing the connotation of digital economy,this paper constructs an evaluation system from development environment,digital industrialization,industrial digitalization,and digital governance to measure China's digital economy index from 2016 to 2018 using the entropy-based TOPSIS method.Also,based on the improved Feder dual sector model,this paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of digital economy promoting high-quality economic development directly and through improving economic efficiency and economic structure,and carries out an empirical test.According to findings,on the one hand,China is scaling up digital economy and accelerating digital transformation;on the other hand,the greater the likelihood that high-quality economic development is constrained by low economic efficiency and unreasonable economic structure,the greater the role of digital economy in promoting high-quality economic development.Therefore,this paper puts forward recommendations for China's high-quality economic development,such as advancing new infrastructure construction,developing digital economy,improving economic eficiency and economic structure,and transforming the government governance model.

Economic impact of land finance and subsequent risk response

In China,land finance is actually an endogenous factor in economic growth.As a kind of non-traditional,informal government revenue in China’s economic transition process,land finance is unstable,non-standard and unsustainable,and it simultaneously makes the current land-finance dependent growth mode difficult to maintain.The paper firstly analyzes the impact of the land finance on China’s economic growth and economic structure change followed by discussing the possible risks in post-“land finance”period.It then put forward some suggestions to deal with the problem.The analysis shows that land finance exacerbates the economic fluctuation,bringing in the increase of government public expenditure and economic growth in the short term.Nonetheless,in the long term there is no significant effect,and it could gradually lead to a more unreasonable economic structure.In the post-“land finance”period,if we do not take precautions in advance,it will restrain the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.