A mass balanced model of trophic structure and energy flows of a semi-closed marine ecosystem

The marine ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay has degraded significantly in fisheries productivity and its ecological roles as spawning and nursery ground for many species of commercial importance has been declining in recent years. A mass-balanced trophic model was developed using Ecopath with Ecosim to evaluate the trophic structure of the Jiaozhou Bay for improving ecosystem management. The model were parameterized based on the fisheries survey data in the Jiaozhou Bay in 2011, including 23 species groups and one detritus group according to their ecological roles. The trophic levels of these ecological groups ranged from 1（primary producers and detritus） to4.3（large demersal fishes）. The estimated total system throughput was 12 917.10 t/（km^2·a）, with 74.59% and25.41% contribution of the total energy flows from phytoplankton and detritus, respectively. Network analyses showed that the overall transfer efficiency of the ecosystem was 14.4%, and the mean transfer efficiency was 14.5%for grazing food chain and 13.9% for detritus food chain. The system omnivory index（SOI）, Finn＇s cycled index（FCI） and connectance index（CI） were relatively low in this area while the total primary production/total respiration（TPP/TR） was high, indicating an immature and unstable status of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. Mixed trophic impact analysis revealed that the cultured shellfish had substantial negative impacts on most functional groups. This study contributed to ecosystem-level evaluation and management planning of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem.

基于Ecopath模型的胶州湾生态系统结构和能量流动分析

根据2015—2016年在胶州湾进行的渔业资源与生态环境调查数据,利用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5(Ew E)软件构建了胶州湾生态通道模型,分析了现阶段该海湾生态系统营养结构、能量流动过程和生态系统总特征。结果表明:胶州湾生态通道模型共由21个功能组组成,各功能组营养级范围为1~4.383,渔获物平均营养级为2.023,以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为主;胶州湾生态系统的能量流动主要以牧食食物链为主,占系统能量来源的59%。生态网络分析表明:系统能量主要分布在6个营养级,来源于初级生产者的能量转化效率为16.22%,来自碎屑的转化效率为15.76%,系统平均转化效率16.35%。胶州湾生态系统总初级生产力与总呼吸量的比值为2.518,系统处于不成熟状态。