Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries(EAF)management is a concept aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of the entire ecosystem.While EAF is a noble approach,its implementation has been challenging.Although Namibia ...Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries(EAF)management is a concept aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of the entire ecosystem.While EAF is a noble approach,its implementation has been challenging.Although Namibia has committed to the implementation of EAF,only limited assessment has been done of Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments concerning EAF.A qualitative assesment was done to ascertain if the Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments conform to the EAF principles.Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments largely conform to the EAF principles,although there are notable areas needing improvements.The conformities were pronounced in the total allowable catch setting,rebuilding depleted stocks,minimizing bycatch,and fishing impact minimization.The polluter pays,and user pays principles were also applied.Areas that were found lacking in this study included setting the indicators for EAF and ecosystem integrity.The assessment also noted the absence of guidelines for the precautionary approach principle and a transparent policy for quota and right allocation processes.The strategies for managing transboundary fish species are also not formulated.Overall,this assessment showed the complexities and challenges that Namibia and other countries need to overcome to implement EAF successfully.展开更多
Ecosystems in arid regions play a pivotal role in providing services to vulnerable environments with considerable challenges including extreme temperatures, low precipitation, variable climate change, and infertile so...Ecosystems in arid regions play a pivotal role in providing services to vulnerable environments with considerable challenges including extreme temperatures, low precipitation, variable climate change, and infertile soil. The countries of the arid regions are facing more challenges due to land degradation, biodiversity loss, the scarcity of water and food resources, and protecting their inhabitant’s public health. In many cases, policymakers in these countries are aware of the challenges, but they are seeking through scientific communities to develop clear sustainability and resiliency plans. Due to the complexity associated with arid ecosystem services, the scientist communities are still focusing on the development of integrated ecosystem management approaches. Within this line of commitment to our future generation, the paper in hand presents a framework for an Integrated Ecosystem Sustainability Approach (IESA). The core of this nexus approach is to understand and quantify the interlinkages between the ecosystem components, internal and external stresses, and society needs. The paper also identifies the key gaps to be considered when applying the IESA approach to arid ecosystem management plans.展开更多
The first part of the article provides an overview of the theoretical evidence, the main provisions, and the implementation strategy of information support for bioresource and ecosystem research in the north-west Paci...The first part of the article provides an overview of the theoretical evidence, the main provisions, and the implementation strategy of information support for bioresource and ecosystem research in the north-west Pacific, which has been conducted over the past 20 years in the Russian Far East Research Institute TINRO-Center. In short, the concept consists of a combination of the following four assertions: 1) For the steady and sustainable development of the Russian Far East, the entire Russian Federation and the Asia-Pacific Region in general, environmental, food, economic, and other security is required, which cannot be achieved without the rational use of bioresources based on the ecosystem approach to the management of aquatic bioresources. 2) For the inventory, appraisal, monitoring, forecasting of the state of and management the natural water resources when applying this approach, statistically relevant quantitative information is required on the greatest possible number of constituents of marine biocenosis of the north-western Pacific for the longest possible period of time, which is only available at the TINRO-Center. 3) This valuable data should be organized into databases, based on which geo-information and other electronic information systems are prepared, and based on these map atlases and reference books on natural water resources, using automated workplaces created especially for this. 4) The resulting unique information support will be of great value not only for practical purposes, but also for science, both applied and fundamental. Next comes a summary of the many years of work on the practical implementation of this concept and the key achievements in this field obtained by the TINRO-Center by the end of 2015 are reviewed. At the end, some plans for the near future are outlined.展开更多
There is growing interest in using ecosystem services to aid development of management strategies that target sustainability and enhance ecosystem support to humans. Challenges remain in the search for methods and ind...There is growing interest in using ecosystem services to aid development of management strategies that target sustainability and enhance ecosystem support to humans. Challenges remain in the search for methods and indicators that can quantify ecosystem services using metrics that are meaningful in light of their high priorities. We developed a framework to link ecosystems to human wellbeing based on a stepwise approach. We evaluated prospective models in terms of their capacity to quantify national ecosystem services of forests. The most applicable models were subsequently used to quantify ecosystem services. The Korea Forest Research Institute model sat- isfied all criteria in its first practical use. A total of 12 key ecosystem services were identified. For our case study, we quantified four ecosystem functions, viz. water storage capacity in forest soil for water storage service, reduced suspended sediment for water purification service, reduced soil erosion for landslide prevention service, and reduced sediment yield for sediment regulation service. Water storage capacity in forest soil was estimated at 2142 t/ha, and reduced suspended sediment was estimated at 608 kg/ ha. Reduced soil erosion was estimated at 77 m^3/ha, and reduced sediment yield was estimated at 285 m^3/ha. These results were similar to those reported by previous studies. Mapped results revealed hotspots of ecosystem services around protected areas that were particularly rich in bio- diversity. In addition, the proposed framework illustrated that quantification of ecosystem services could be sup- ported by the spatial flow of ecosystem services. However, our approach did not address challenges faced when quantifying connections between ecosystem indicators and actual benefits of services described.展开更多
【目的】开展自然保护地精细化分区和管控,是实现新阶段国家公园和自然保护地精准化、适应性管理的基础,但目前分区方法对于保护对象行为需求,人-野生动物关联性、动态性、适应性认识仍有限。【方法】基于现代生态系统管理理论,采用Max...【目的】开展自然保护地精细化分区和管控,是实现新阶段国家公园和自然保护地精准化、适应性管理的基础,但目前分区方法对于保护对象行为需求,人-野生动物关联性、动态性、适应性认识仍有限。【方法】基于现代生态系统管理理论,采用MaxEnt物种分布模型和多种空间分析模型方法,对保护野生动物行为及保护需求,以及与人类行为空间交互关系进行系统分析,提出自然保护地精细化分区管控的行为分析方法(behavior-based approach for refined zoning and management,BAZM)。【结果】以云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区人鹤系统为例,识别出黑颈鹤夜栖地最小接近距离400 m缓冲区及重要湿地恢复区为核心保护区;辨识出保护区45%面积为生境维护区,保证黑颈鹤主要觅食区食源安全和维持人鹤共生系统,将文化体验区、风景展示区、传统生产区、综合服务区共同划定为一般控制区;在此基础上提出外围协调区,协调黑颈鹤区域越冬和迁徙安全;最终提出3+N的细化分区以及精准化管控和适应性管理策略。【结论】该方法具有较强的适应性、科学性和可操作性,对完善中国国家公园和自然保护地规划理论方法、推动精准化保护和适应性管理具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries(EAF)management is a concept aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of the entire ecosystem.While EAF is a noble approach,its implementation has been challenging.Although Namibia has committed to the implementation of EAF,only limited assessment has been done of Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments concerning EAF.A qualitative assesment was done to ascertain if the Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments conform to the EAF principles.Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments largely conform to the EAF principles,although there are notable areas needing improvements.The conformities were pronounced in the total allowable catch setting,rebuilding depleted stocks,minimizing bycatch,and fishing impact minimization.The polluter pays,and user pays principles were also applied.Areas that were found lacking in this study included setting the indicators for EAF and ecosystem integrity.The assessment also noted the absence of guidelines for the precautionary approach principle and a transparent policy for quota and right allocation processes.The strategies for managing transboundary fish species are also not formulated.Overall,this assessment showed the complexities and challenges that Namibia and other countries need to overcome to implement EAF successfully.
文摘Ecosystems in arid regions play a pivotal role in providing services to vulnerable environments with considerable challenges including extreme temperatures, low precipitation, variable climate change, and infertile soil. The countries of the arid regions are facing more challenges due to land degradation, biodiversity loss, the scarcity of water and food resources, and protecting their inhabitant’s public health. In many cases, policymakers in these countries are aware of the challenges, but they are seeking through scientific communities to develop clear sustainability and resiliency plans. Due to the complexity associated with arid ecosystem services, the scientist communities are still focusing on the development of integrated ecosystem management approaches. Within this line of commitment to our future generation, the paper in hand presents a framework for an Integrated Ecosystem Sustainability Approach (IESA). The core of this nexus approach is to understand and quantify the interlinkages between the ecosystem components, internal and external stresses, and society needs. The paper also identifies the key gaps to be considered when applying the IESA approach to arid ecosystem management plans.
文摘The first part of the article provides an overview of the theoretical evidence, the main provisions, and the implementation strategy of information support for bioresource and ecosystem research in the north-west Pacific, which has been conducted over the past 20 years in the Russian Far East Research Institute TINRO-Center. In short, the concept consists of a combination of the following four assertions: 1) For the steady and sustainable development of the Russian Far East, the entire Russian Federation and the Asia-Pacific Region in general, environmental, food, economic, and other security is required, which cannot be achieved without the rational use of bioresources based on the ecosystem approach to the management of aquatic bioresources. 2) For the inventory, appraisal, monitoring, forecasting of the state of and management the natural water resources when applying this approach, statistically relevant quantitative information is required on the greatest possible number of constituents of marine biocenosis of the north-western Pacific for the longest possible period of time, which is only available at the TINRO-Center. 3) This valuable data should be organized into databases, based on which geo-information and other electronic information systems are prepared, and based on these map atlases and reference books on natural water resources, using automated workplaces created especially for this. 4) The resulting unique information support will be of great value not only for practical purposes, but also for science, both applied and fundamental. Next comes a summary of the many years of work on the practical implementation of this concept and the key achievements in this field obtained by the TINRO-Center by the end of 2015 are reviewed. At the end, some plans for the near future are outlined.
基金supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment as ‘‘Climate Change Correspondence Program(2014001310008)’’ and ‘‘The Eco-Innovation Project(Project Number:2012-00021-0002)’’
文摘There is growing interest in using ecosystem services to aid development of management strategies that target sustainability and enhance ecosystem support to humans. Challenges remain in the search for methods and indicators that can quantify ecosystem services using metrics that are meaningful in light of their high priorities. We developed a framework to link ecosystems to human wellbeing based on a stepwise approach. We evaluated prospective models in terms of their capacity to quantify national ecosystem services of forests. The most applicable models were subsequently used to quantify ecosystem services. The Korea Forest Research Institute model sat- isfied all criteria in its first practical use. A total of 12 key ecosystem services were identified. For our case study, we quantified four ecosystem functions, viz. water storage capacity in forest soil for water storage service, reduced suspended sediment for water purification service, reduced soil erosion for landslide prevention service, and reduced sediment yield for sediment regulation service. Water storage capacity in forest soil was estimated at 2142 t/ha, and reduced suspended sediment was estimated at 608 kg/ ha. Reduced soil erosion was estimated at 77 m^3/ha, and reduced sediment yield was estimated at 285 m^3/ha. These results were similar to those reported by previous studies. Mapped results revealed hotspots of ecosystem services around protected areas that were particularly rich in bio- diversity. In addition, the proposed framework illustrated that quantification of ecosystem services could be sup- ported by the spatial flow of ecosystem services. However, our approach did not address challenges faced when quantifying connections between ecosystem indicators and actual benefits of services described.
文摘【目的】开展自然保护地精细化分区和管控,是实现新阶段国家公园和自然保护地精准化、适应性管理的基础,但目前分区方法对于保护对象行为需求,人-野生动物关联性、动态性、适应性认识仍有限。【方法】基于现代生态系统管理理论,采用MaxEnt物种分布模型和多种空间分析模型方法,对保护野生动物行为及保护需求,以及与人类行为空间交互关系进行系统分析,提出自然保护地精细化分区管控的行为分析方法(behavior-based approach for refined zoning and management,BAZM)。【结果】以云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区人鹤系统为例,识别出黑颈鹤夜栖地最小接近距离400 m缓冲区及重要湿地恢复区为核心保护区;辨识出保护区45%面积为生境维护区,保证黑颈鹤主要觅食区食源安全和维持人鹤共生系统,将文化体验区、风景展示区、传统生产区、综合服务区共同划定为一般控制区;在此基础上提出外围协调区,协调黑颈鹤区域越冬和迁徙安全;最终提出3+N的细化分区以及精准化管控和适应性管理策略。【结论】该方法具有较强的适应性、科学性和可操作性,对完善中国国家公园和自然保护地规划理论方法、推动精准化保护和适应性管理具有重要意义。
