Chinese Ecosystem Research Network

The article analyzes the development of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, and its mission, mandate, and management mechanisms, with examples of research, demonstration and consultation for policy-setting.

Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services

A new form of producing and sharing knowledge has emerged as an international(United States of America,Asia,and Europe) research collaboration,known as the Long-Term Ecological Research(LTER) Network.Although Africa boasts rich biodiversity,including endemic species,it lacks the long-term initiatives to underpin sustainable biodiversity managements.At present,climate change may exacerbate hunger and poverty concerns in addition to resulting in ecosystem degradation,land use change,and other threats in Africa.Therefore,ecosystem monitoring was suggested to understanding the effects of climate change and setting strategies to mitigate these changes.This paper aimed to investigate ecosystem monitoring ground sites and address their coverage gaps in Africa to provide a foundation for optimizing the African Ecosystem Research Network(AERN) ground sites.The geographic coordinates and characteristics of ground sites-based ecosystem monitoring were collected from various networks aligned with the LTER implementation in Africa.Additionally,climatic data and biodiversity distribution maps were retrieved from various sources.These data were used to assess the size of existing ground sites and the gaps in description,ecosystems and biomes.The results reveal that there were 1089 sites established by various networks.Among these sites,30.5%,27.5%,and 28.8% had no information of area,year of establishment,current status,respectively.However,68.0% of them had an area equal to or greater than 1 km2.Sites were created progressively over the course of the years,with 68.9% being created from 2000 to 2005.To date,only 41.5% of the sites were operational.The sites were scattered across Africa,but they were concentrated in Eastern and Southern Africa.The unbalanced distribution pattern of the sites left Central and Northern Africa hardly covered,and many unique ecosystems in Central Africa were not included.To sustain these sites,the AERN should be based on operational sites,seeking secure funding by establishing multiple partnerships.

Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis of Research on Innovation Ecosystem Studies

The aim of the paper is to identify and explore leading thematic areas within the research field related to innovation ecosystem.Based on data from the Web of Science database,the keywords frequency and its co-occurrence frequency pair were analyzed,and the theory of mapping knowledge domains was used to visualize the keywords co-occurrence network in innovation ecosystem to make further research of the heated issues.The findings indicate that the research scope involved in innovation ecosystem research is broad,and research content focus on micro and macro levels.According to the results of keywords co-occurrence analysis of different stages,innovation,network,knowledge,strategy,open innovation,value creation are the most important issues to innovation ecosystem research,given their position and role in the research network.The paper generates the added value mainly from the point of view of theory development.

Research on Subject Areas of Innovation Ecosystem: A Discipline Co-occurrence Analysis

Based on data from the Web of Science database,co-occurrence analysis and network visualization technique were conducted to explore the structure and patterns of interdisciplinary collaborations in innovation ecosystem research.This study presented the descriptive statistics of disciplines involved in relative research and interdisciplinary network over time.The results suggested that the scope of disciplines involved in innovation ecosystem research is broad and the distribution is unbalanced.Management and business are the core subject area while Regional&Urban Planning,Environmental Studies,and Environmental Sciences are playing key role in research and practices.

Valuation of Ecosystem Services:Research Progress and Prospects

The ecosystem services are material base and natural capital for sustainable development of human being. Valuation of ecosystem services is favorable for people realizing the importance of natural ecosystem to human being, and considering its long-term influence on sustainable development of human society when making decisions. Besides, it is an attempt of ecology, geography and other natural sciences to influence social decision process by economic methods. The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital, written by Robert Costanza et al., in 1997, is generally regarded as a masterpiece for the research of valuing ecosystem services. However, the classifying standard of ecosystem services, the method of various services summation and the purpose for static global value, had confronted many criticisms. Still to now, accurately valuing ecosystem services is not easy, because of the complexity of natural ecosystem, the weak capability of economic system to pricing ecosystem services and the lack of more study in this field. Based on the criticisms summarizing and comprehensive analysis, further study suggestions of ecosystem services valuation is presented: multi-scale integrated and community participation applied in evaluation, dynamic changes of material value and intangible value of ecosystem services, investigation and simulation studies of the marginal value when ecosystem services changed, associated with related areas like ecological compensation research, and research on the market-oriented evaluation of ecosystem's intangible values.

RESEARCH ON THE COMPLICATED DYNAMICAL BEHAVIORS OF NONLINEAR ECOSYSTEMS(Ⅱ)

This paper is a further study of reference [1]. In this paper, we mainly discuss the complicated dynamical behaviors resulting from a simple one-dimensional model of nonlinear ecosystems: fixed point motion, periodic motion and chaotic motion etc., and briefly discuss the universality of the complicated dynamical behaviors, which can be described by the first and the second M. Feigenbaun. constants. At last, we discuss the 'one-side lowering phenomenon' due to near unstabilization when the nonlinear ecosystem approaches bifurcation points from unbifurcation side. It is of important theoretical and practical meanings both in the development and utilization of ecological resources ar.d in the design and management of artifilial ecosystems.

Transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China

There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development. In recent years, transdisciplinary research has emerged as a new approach that enables joint problem solving among scientists and stakeholders in various fields. In this paper, we aim to introduce transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of the concept of eco- system services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China. While a large number of ecosystem service studies have helped to raise the awareness for the value of nature in China, a number of challenges remain, including an improved understanding of the relationships between ecosystem structure, functions and services, and the interaction of the various ecosystem services. A meaningful valuation of ecosystem services also requires the consideration of their strong spatial heterogeneity. In addition, ways to introduce the con- cept of ecosystem services into decision-making in China need to be explored. Thus, successful integration of the concept of ecosystem services into actual land and water management requires a broad knowledge base that only a number of scientific disciplines and stakeholders can provide jointly, via a transdisciplinary research process. We regard transdisciplinary research as a recursive process to support adaptive management that includes joint knowledge generation and integration among scientists and stakeholders. System, target, and transformation knowledge are generated and integrated during the process of （1） problem （re）definition, （2） problem analysis and strategy development, and （3） evaluation of the impact of the derived strategy. Methods to support transdisciplinary research comprise participatory modelling （actor-based modelling and Bayesian Networks modelling） and partici- patory scenario development. Actor-based modelling is a semi-quantitative method that is based on the analysis of problem perspectives of individual stakeholders as depicted in perception graphs. With Bayesian Networks, com- plex problem fields are modelled probabilistically in a simplified manner, using both quantitative data and qualitative expert judgments. These participatory methods serve to integrate diverse scientific and stakeholder knowledge and to support the generation of actually implementable management strategies for sustainable development. For the purpose of integrating ecosystem services in land and water management in the Tarim River Basin through trans- disciplinary research, collaboration among scientists and institutional stakeholders from different sectors including water, agriculture, forestry, and nature conservation is required. The challenge is to adapt methods of transdisci- plinary research to socio-cultural conditions in China, particularly regarding ways of communication and deci- sion-making.

THE CHINESE ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH NETWORK

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Integrating beneficiaries into assessment of ecosystem services from managed forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,USA

Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem services.Methods：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of beneficiaries.Results：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after harvest.Impacts on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was used.Surveys revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning services.When service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas regulation.Where biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was reduced.Beneficiaries＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service provision.Beneficiaries with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting overall.Conclusions：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.

2005-2020年中国干旱半干旱区典型草地和荒漠生态系统植被地上生物量数据集

植被生物量是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,是陆地生态系统与大气之间碳交换的重要环节,是定量研究全球气候变化与草地、荒漠生态系统之间的反馈调节作用等的基础。中国干旱半干旱区的草地、荒漠生态系统是重要的碳库类型,本文选取中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)中位于中国干旱半干旱区的2个草地生态系统观测研究站(海北站、内蒙古站)和5个荒漠生态系统类型观测研究站(鄂尔多斯站、阜康站、临泽站、奈曼站、沙坡头站)的典型生态系统,对其按照CERN生态系统长期观测规范开展长期观测获取的植被地上生物量的2005–2020年间生长季的月动态实测数据进行了收集整理与质量控制,并开展了样方原始调查数据到样地尺度观测数据的统计计算,生成了植被地上生物量数据集,可为中国干旱半干旱区草地和荒漠生态系统对全球气候变化响应及植被保育与可持续发展等研究提供地面观测数据支撑。

加拿大科研数据管理生态系统实践及启示

国家协调统筹的科研数据管理机制对科研数据的保存和共享具有重要意义。论文从生态系统视角调研法分析了加拿大建立国家科研数据管理现状及实施方案,从制定科研数据管理系统、提供基础服务支撑、构建科研数据管理平台、优化元数据标准、数据保存和共享等方面阐述了其具体举措。针对我国科研数据管理现状,论文提出从管理机制、平台建设和数据集成三个层面快速布局国家科研数据管理体系的建议。

数字平台生态系统的类别划分:研究现状探析与未来展望

基于结构观和过程观的视角,总结了数字平台生态系统类别划分的现有研究。结构观强调按照构成数字平台生态系统的稳定元素和存在单元对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的活动单元、行为主体、连接结构和位置层次等。过程观强调按照数字平台生态系统中各组成主体、活动单元与结构元素的相互作用、发展和演化过程对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的涌现过程、协作与治理过程、价值创造与分配过程等。以此为基础,依据一元观,从数字平台生态系统的服务对象类型、参与者范围和核心功能等方面出发,构建了数字平台生态系统的一维分类标准。随后,通过整合结构观和过程观,基于数字平台生态系统中层级结构和市场结构以及交易过程和创新过程的两两组合,总结出数字平台生态系统的分类矩阵,阐明审查交易型、主导创新型、自由交易型、开放创新型等4类数字平台生态系统在关系结构、活动过程、适用情境和发展挑战等方面的显著差异化特征。最后,提出针对数字平台生态系统的未来研究展望,以期为数字平台生态系统的管理实践提供指导。

加拿大数字科研基础设施生态系统分析与启示

数字科研基础设施是科学研究的虚拟支柱和创新的重要驱动力。论文选取加拿大数字科研基础设施生态系统作为案例,通过网络调研和邮件咨询,在调查和分析加拿大数字科研基础设施生态系统发展演化历程及其重要构成组件的基础上,揭示其运行机制和主要特征。据此为我国构建数字科研基础设施生态系统提出相关建议。

美国推动人工智能产业发展策略及其对中国人工智能生态构建的启示

深度剖析美国在人工智能领域的发展轨迹和有效策略,对中国构建人工智能生态系统具有重要的指导意义。从机构设置、政策制定以及实践操作3个维度,采取政策解读与案例分析相结合的方法,全面审视美国联邦政府如何策划和促进人工智能的发展。对参与推动美国人工智能发展的美国联邦政府机构,根据其具体作用分为决策层、推进层和执行层:决策层包括总统科技顾问委员会、科技政策办公室和国家科学技术委员会,在美国人工智能战略布局中起到提出政策建议、决定政策方向和制定相关计划的科技决策作用;推进层主要包括美国国家科学基金会和联邦政府各职能机构,如能源部、商务部和国防部等,负责落实决策层的政策,启动一批推进项目;执行层则主要涉及美国国家实验室、顶尖高校实验室和优秀的科技企业。此外,美国通过持续更新国家人工智能研发规划以及实施“人工智能桥梁”等计划,推动人工智能的实践应用。结合中国人工智能发展的具体状况,从建立专业人工智能机构、打造人工智能研究中心、构建全方位多元化的人工智能人才培育体系等方面提出加速中国人工智能进展、夺取科技创新先机的策略建议。

具备情报生态特征的科技智库建设

[研究目的]社会发展和信息技术进步的同时,越来越多的信息充斥着现实世界,导致科技智库的决策支撑作用难度增加。新时期的科技智库如何提升能力、有效开展工作是当前智库建设的主要议题。[研究方法]基于科技智库与情报研究的密切关系,从情报生态视角探究科技智库能力建设的问题,构建具备情报生态特征的科技智库生态模型,并以战略情报研究如何支撑科技智库研究为实例展开分析。[研究结论]高端科技智库建设应重点关注科技智库核心能力、资源建设能力、情报分析和决策能力以及科技智库生态系统的表达4个方面,从而为科技智库能力建设拓展新视角和新思路。

生态系统文化服务研究现状及进展

生态系统具有文化服务功能,生态系统文化服务是生态系统服务的重要组成部分.近年来学者对文化服务的研究越来越多,发表的文献数量也在持续增加.文章通过回顾2000—2023年国内外关于生态系统文化服务的文献,剖析生态系统文化服务研究的进展阶段、研究分类、研究尺度、评价指标、研究方法等方面的研究现状与关注热点.研究发现,国内生态系统文化服务尤其是乡村生态系统文化服务研究没有受到足够重视.基于生态系统文化服务的社会属性及我国乡村振兴战略背景下乡村生态系统特征,展望我国生态系统文化服务未来的研究方向.

辽宁省科技成果转化存在的问题及对策研究

在国家创新驱动的发展国策下,科技成果转化日益成为促进区域经济发展的重要引擎,党和国家的政策也明确指出了科技创新和经济相结合的发展方向,因此,科技成果转化作为两者的结合点被提上了日程,成为制约区域经济发展的重要环节。然而,辽宁在科技资源分配及产学研协调沟通机制上存在不足,导致辽宁科技创新成果的本地转化率并不高,这在一定程度上限制了辽宁经济的增长。基于此,本文通过梳理科技创新价值链和科技成果转化过程研究,剖析辽宁省科技成果转化存在的问题,并根据辽宁的实际情况和区域特色,构建具有辽宁地方特色的科技成果转化模式,期望能够引领地区产业发展,提高区域科技创新能力,有效促进科技成果本地转化。

国土空间规划体系下的“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式重构

在国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下,国土空间治理向整体性治理转移,国土空间规划向整体性管理规划转变。有必要制定标准化的专项规划研究模式,确保专项规划研究成果与国土空间规划的融合,促进国土空间规划体系建设,提升国土空间治理现代化水平。在国土空间规划体系建设要求下,重构“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式。首先,回顾现有研究成果,总结水生态韧性评价、规划策略和规划实施保障体系等方面的研究不足;其次,总结并分析全过程传导、全域全要素、全空间覆盖、全周期管理等国土空间规划体系建设要求;再次,基于国土空间规划体系建设要求,重构“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式,包括全过程传导的水生态韧性研究步骤、全域全要素的水生态韧性评价体系、全空间覆盖的水生态韧性规划策略、全周期管理的水生态韧性规划实施保障等4部分;最后,提出“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式的技术路径。重构的研究模式为实证研究和其他生态韧性研究提供理论与方法基础。

生态修复研究进展与展望

生态修复是提升生态环境质量,实现自然资源的可持续使用,解决环境污染、恢复自然生态平衡的过程,从提出“生态修复”这个概念至今,国内外学者及科研机构已有大量工作和研究成果。本研究基于Web of Science核心数据库和CNKI核心数据库,筛选SCI论文216篇和中文核心231篇,使用CiteSpace软件进行分析,系统梳理生态修复的研究思路与方法、应用案例、存在问题及未来研究重点。主要结论如下:1)生态修复研究主题从最开始的单一生态系统逐渐转向多维度耦合,研究方法也从人工干预修复向近自然修复手段发展;2)针对不同生态系统类型均有各自的生态修复方法,缺点是修复方式单一、缺乏对整体生态系统效应的研究;3)生态修复主要存在缺乏对生态系统整体性的恢复措施,缺乏多维度、多类型、多方式组合的综合治理与修复方案、理论研究未与实践相结合等问题。未来研究重点应从整体性角度推进生态修复研究,开展多要素协同生态修复实践工程,发展更多区域与国家之间的合作,加强多对象、多尺度的生态修复。

基于复杂适应系统理论的STEAM教育产学政研一体化系统:理据架构困厄路径

构建STEAM教育产学政研一体化系统,发挥主体适应性,对于促进STEAM教育发展具有现实必要性和价值合理性.目前STEAM教育产学政研一体化系统构建格局尚处于探索阶段,还缺乏系统性考量和整体协同性创新推进,存在诸多现实困厄.鉴于此,基于复杂适应系统理论分析了其构建理据、体系架构和现实困厄,提出破解之道在于整合政府、社会机构、企业、学校和科研机构等多方力量,从理念、体制、机制和环境等4重维度上,促进系统各自适应性主体之间的“点线面体”有机结合、融合联动,同心协力推动STEAM教育高质量生态发展,提升人才培养的数量和质量.