Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem services.Methods：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall ...Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem services.Methods：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of beneficiaries.Results：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after harvest.Impacts on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was used.Surveys revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning services.When service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas regulation.Where biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was reduced.Beneficiaries＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service provision.Beneficiaries with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting overall.Conclusions：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.展开更多
The Baltic Sea is essential for marine ecosystem services(MES)provision and the region’s socio-economic dy-namics.It is considered one of the busiest and most polluted regional seas in Europe.In recent years a collec...The Baltic Sea is essential for marine ecosystem services(MES)provision and the region’s socio-economic dy-namics.It is considered one of the busiest and most polluted regional seas in Europe.In recent years a collective effort in enforcing European and regional environmental policies and directives(e.g.Water Framework Direc-tive 2000/60/EC,2000;Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC,2008;Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU,2014)has been carried out.Ecosystem Services assessment and mapping is integrated into these directives.An increasing number of scientific studies,projects,and other works were developed in this context,generating a vast body of knowledge.Despite all efforts to improve the Baltic Sea’s environmental status,the targets established were not fulfilled.It is also important to analyze if current methodological approaches for assessing and mapping MES are robust enough to provide the needed results.This perspective paper analyses the status of assessment and mapping methodologies.The results showed that most of the studies were focused on qualitative assessments,with limited validation and reliability.Although the number of robust and quantitative works is increasing,more are needed.It is vital to carry out quantitative assessments to inform decision-makers better and standardize MES practices across the Baltic Sea.展开更多
探索热带岛屿生态系统服务价值演变规律及其对土地利用变化的响应,对区域可持续发展及生态建设有重要意义。本研究以海南岛为研究区,基于海南岛2005、2010和2015年土地利用数据,通过价值当量因子法,构建六边形格网估算海南岛生态系统服...探索热带岛屿生态系统服务价值演变规律及其对土地利用变化的响应,对区域可持续发展及生态建设有重要意义。本研究以海南岛为研究区,基于海南岛2005、2010和2015年土地利用数据,通过价值当量因子法,构建六边形格网估算海南岛生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV),随后设置不同情景模拟其对未来土地利用变化响应。结果表明:1)2005—2015年海南岛城镇化快速发展;整体生态系统服务功能变差,全岛ESV减少6.64亿元。2)林地提供了海南岛超过70%的生态系统服务价值,海南岛生态系统服务功能以调节服务为主,其中水文调节服务占比最高,体现出林地和水域在海南岛亟需保护和提升。3)生态优先情景模拟的2025年ESV总量上优于经济优先发展情景,该情景下全岛建设用地的迅猛扩张趋势得到遏制,同时保护了林地及水域等生态用地,有利于海南岛生态和经济的可持续发展。展开更多
基金support from the USDA Forest Service's Northeastern States Research Cooperative(NSRC)in collaboration with the Hubbard Brook Research Foundationthe Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
文摘Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem services.Methods：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of beneficiaries.Results：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after harvest.Impacts on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was used.Surveys revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning services.When service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas regulation.Where biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was reduced.Beneficiaries＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service provision.Beneficiaries with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting overall.Conclusions：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.
基金“Lithuanian National Ecosystem Services Assessment and Mapping(LINESAM)”No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0104 is funded by the European Social Fund according to the activity“Improvement of researchers’qual-ification by implementing world-class R&D projects”of Measure No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712.
文摘The Baltic Sea is essential for marine ecosystem services(MES)provision and the region’s socio-economic dy-namics.It is considered one of the busiest and most polluted regional seas in Europe.In recent years a collective effort in enforcing European and regional environmental policies and directives(e.g.Water Framework Direc-tive 2000/60/EC,2000;Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC,2008;Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU,2014)has been carried out.Ecosystem Services assessment and mapping is integrated into these directives.An increasing number of scientific studies,projects,and other works were developed in this context,generating a vast body of knowledge.Despite all efforts to improve the Baltic Sea’s environmental status,the targets established were not fulfilled.It is also important to analyze if current methodological approaches for assessing and mapping MES are robust enough to provide the needed results.This perspective paper analyses the status of assessment and mapping methodologies.The results showed that most of the studies were focused on qualitative assessments,with limited validation and reliability.Although the number of robust and quantitative works is increasing,more are needed.It is vital to carry out quantitative assessments to inform decision-makers better and standardize MES practices across the Baltic Sea.
文摘探索热带岛屿生态系统服务价值演变规律及其对土地利用变化的响应,对区域可持续发展及生态建设有重要意义。本研究以海南岛为研究区,基于海南岛2005、2010和2015年土地利用数据,通过价值当量因子法,构建六边形格网估算海南岛生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV),随后设置不同情景模拟其对未来土地利用变化响应。结果表明:1)2005—2015年海南岛城镇化快速发展;整体生态系统服务功能变差,全岛ESV减少6.64亿元。2)林地提供了海南岛超过70%的生态系统服务价值,海南岛生态系统服务功能以调节服务为主,其中水文调节服务占比最高,体现出林地和水域在海南岛亟需保护和提升。3)生态优先情景模拟的2025年ESV总量上优于经济优先发展情景,该情景下全岛建设用地的迅猛扩张趋势得到遏制,同时保护了林地及水域等生态用地,有利于海南岛生态和经济的可持续发展。
