Differential aluminum tolerance and absorption characteristics in Pinus massoniana seedlings colonized with ectomycorrhizal fungi of Lactarius deliciosus and Pisolithus tinctorius

Plant tolerance to aluminum(Al)toxicity can be enhanced by an ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungus through biological filtering or physical blockage.To understand the roles of ECM colonization in Al absorption with regard to Al tolerance,Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with either Lactarius deliciosus(L.:Fr.)Gray isolate 2 or Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.)Coker et Couch isolate 715 and cultivated in an acid yellow soil with or without 1.0 mM Al^(3+)irrigation for 10 weeks.Biomass production,Al bioaccumulation and transport in seedlings colonized by the two ECM fungi were compared,and the three absorption kinetics(pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion)models used to evaluate variances in root Al^(3+)absorption capacity.Results show that both fungi increased aboveground biomass and Al tolerance of P.massoniana seedlings,but L.deliciosus 2 was more effective than P.tinctorius 715.Lower Al absorption capacity,fewer available active sites and decreased affinity and boundary layer thickness for Al^(3+),and higher Al accumulation and translocation contributed to the increased Al tolerance in the ECM-inoculated seedlings.These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms and strategies in plant Alto lerance conferred by ECM fungi and show that inoculation with L.deliciosus will better enhance Al tolerance in P.massoniana seedlings used for forest plantation and ecosystem restoration in acidic soils,particularly in Southwest China and similar soils worldwide.

Optimum conditions for pure culture of major ectomycorrhizal fungi obtained from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in southeastern Keerqin sandy lands, China

The effects of medium, pH, water potential and temperature on the culture for three pure strains （Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis and Lactarius insulsus） of ectomycorrhizal fungi from plantation forests of Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） on sandy lands were observed to obtain the optimum conditions for the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The results indicated that the three ectomycorrhizal fungi could grow well in the mediums containing natural components, such as vitamin, pine juice and yeast powder, pH had a slight effect on the growth of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi, and the optimum pH values were 6.0 for L. deliciosus, 5.0 for B. edulis, respectively. However, L. insulsus had a wide pH range, and it grew better than the other two strains in neutral and light alkalescent mediums. Water potential （produced by Polyethylene Glycol, PEG） had significant effects on the ecological adaptability for the tested three fungi strains. All of the three stains grow better at lower PEG concentration （100 g PEG.kg^-1 H2O）. The best water potential was 10% PEG concentration for all of the three stains. Temperatures, especially high temperatures induced the fungi death. The optimum temperature for the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi was 25-28℃ for all of the three stains.

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Jiangsu Province,China

A survey was conducted for about 3 years to study the abundance and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in Jiangsu Province, China. The identification of the fungal species was based on the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of their fruiting bodies. About 126 species of EMF were found in Jiangsu Province. These fungi were largely categorized into three orders (of 121 species), four families (of 96 species), and six genera (of about 86 species).

Distinguishing ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi using carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions

Ectomycorrhizal fungi, a group of widespread symbiotic fungi with plant, obtain carbon source from trees and improve plant mineral nutrient uptake with their widespread hyphal network. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can be used as inoculants to improve the survival rates of plantation. Saprophytic fungi use the nutrition from the debris of plant or animals, and it is difficult to distinguish the saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi by morphological and anatomic methods. In this research, the differences of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of these fungi were analyzed. The results showed that the abundances of 13C of were higher than those of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the abundances of 15N of saprophytic fungi were lower than those of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Such differences of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions between ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic fungi can be ascribed to their different nutrition sources and ecological functions. These results collectively indicate that stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions are an effective proxy for distinguishing between ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi.

Bio-Mobilization of Potassium from Clay Minerals: Ⅱ. By Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Ectomycorrhizal fungi, including Cenococcum geophilum SIV (Cg SIV), and Pisolithus tinctorius 2144 (Pt 2144), 441 (Pt 441) and XC1 (Pt XC1), were cultured in Pachlewski liquid medium with H2KPO4,KCl- saturated vermiculite and mica as K sources, respectively, to investigate the mechanism of K absorption and mobilization by the fungi. Fungal growth rate, K absorption and mobilization varied significantly among the fungal species. Faster growth and greater K accumulation in Pt XC1 than Pt 2 144, Pt 441 and Cg siv were observed. Ectomycorrhizal fungi depressed HCl-soluble K in minerals after successive extractions by water and NH4OAc. Ratio of the total amount of K, including water-, NH4OAc- and HCI-soluble K, lost from substrates to the K accumulated in fungal colonies was less than 60%. These reveal that the ectomycorrhizal fungi could utilize K in interlayer and structural pools, which are usually unavailable for plants in short period. Large differences in the depletion of K in interlayer and structural pools by fungi were observed at fungal harvest. Taking into account the nutrient absorption by ectomycorrhizal fungi in symbionts and the direct contact between hyphae and soils, the fungi species colonized on the root surfaces seemed to be related to the effectiveness of mycorrhizas to utilize K in soils. Ectomycorrhizal fungi differed in the efflux of protons and oxalate. Pt XC1 was observed to have greatest ability to effuse protons and oxalate among the fungi adopted in the experiment. Furthermore, the higher the concentrations of protons and oxalate in the liquid culture solutions, the larger the depletion of K in interlayer and structural pools in minerals by fungi. Protons could replace interlayer K and chelation of oxalate with Fe and Al in crystal lattice could cause weathering of clay minerals. So, protons and oxalate produced by ectomycorrhizal fungi might play an important role in K mobilization in these two pools.

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Conifers and Their Economic Value From Xinjiang China

91 noteworthy ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Larix sibirica Ledeb. etc. from Xing jiang are discussed. Hydnellum caeruleum(Horn. :Pers. )Karst. ,H. peckii Banker apud Peck,Cortinarius azureovelatus Orton,C. pinicola Orton, C. rickenianus Maire are new record to China. Among which 66 species are edible, 14 species are poisonous, 13 species are pharmaceutical, 22 species are probably anticancer.

Biosorption Characteristics of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium for Anthracene

Objective To investigate the potential of Gomphidius viscidus,a kind of ectomycorrhizal fungi,for phytoremediation of anthracene in soil.Methods Absorptioe changes of micro-habitat were studied in detail.Conclusion Ectomycorrhizal plants have a strong potential for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarn characteristics of both active and inactivated mycelia.Results A high calculated adsorption capacity of 1 886.79 mg/g and 1 515.15 mg/g at 25 ℃,pH 6.0 for active and inactivated mycelia respectively,was obtained based on Langmuir model.The ANT biosorption was more ideally characterized by the Langmuir model than by the Freundlich model.The biosorption of anthracene to biomass was extremely fast and could be modeled with pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics.Moreover,ectomycorrhizal mycelia demonstrated a strong ability to adjust the physiological process to get adapted to the change of micro-habitat.

Effects of an ectomycorrhizal fungus on the growth and physiology of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings subjected to saline-alkali stress

This research investigates the mechanism of increased salinity tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungiinoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the fungus in saline soils.Growth effects due to inoculation of seedlings with Suillus luteus(a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus), were determined in four kinds of saline–alkali soils. Growth and physiological indicators, including photosynthetic characteristics, plant height, biomass, photosynthetic pigments,catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme levels, and malondialdehyde(MDA), an organic marker for oxidative stress, and soluble protein levels were determined. Mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with increasing saline–alkalinity and growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly enhanced. Biomass and chlorophyll contents also increased significantly. SOD and CAT activities were higher than in non-inoculated seedlings. However, MDA content decreased in inoculatedseedlings. Soluble protein content did not increase significantly. Inoculation with a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus could enhance the saline–alkali tolerance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Growth and physiological performance of inoculated seedlings were significantly better than that of uninoculated seedlings. The results indicate that inoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings may be useful in the improvement of saline–alkali lands.

Ability of Ectomycorrhizal Fungns Laccaria bicolor S238Nto Increase the Growth of Donglas Fir Seedlings andTheir Phosphorns and Potassinm Uptake

Ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N, isolated from a forest soil in central France in 1990s,has demonstrated unequivocally an ability to promote pine growth. In the present nursery bed experiment,the ability of this ectomycorrhizal fungus to increase growth and P and K uptake of Douglas Fir seedlings（Zone 22） was examined. Growth of inoculated seedlings was over twice （plant height） and three times（biomass） that of non-inoculated ones. Similarly, both the concentrations and the amounts of P and Kuptake by seedlings were significantly increased by fungal inoculation, indicating the improvement of P and Knutrition in mycorrhizal seedlings. In contrast, Al-p in the soils was decreased obviously by plants, especiallyby mycorrhizas, suggesting utilization of this soil P pool by plants and more efficient Al-P mobilization bymycorrhizas than by nonmycorrhizas. Moreover, K extracted by 1 mol/L HCl following consecutive extractionof H2O and CH3COONH4, which may not be plant available, could be utilized by fungus colonized roots.This could be explained by the release of protons and oxalate by hypae which leads to replacement of interlayerK in nonexpanded 2:1 clay minerals and bio-weathering of phyllosilicates.

Linking ectomycorrhizal mushroom species richness and composition with dominant trees in a tropical seasonal rainforest

Vegetation,elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species richness.ECM sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribution of ECM mushrooms with Castonopsis echinocarpa,Parashorea chinensis,and Pittosporopsis kerrii with varying elevations and soil temperatures,in a tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China.For each tree species,60 trees of approximately the same size were selected,where half of them were growing at higher elevation levels and the rest at lower levels.The highest total counts of ECM fungi,as well as the highest species richness were produced by P.chinensis followed by C.echinocarpa and P.kerrii.Highest species richness was shown in September by P.chinensis,while P.kerrii trees had the lowest count of mushrooms across rainy seasons.Species of Boletales were recorded with highest species richness followed by species of order Agaricales around both C.echinocarpa and P.chinensis.ECM fungi count declined with increased elevation.Furthermore,fungi species richness increased positively with increased soil temperature in a tropical seasonal rainforest.

林分改变驱动的优势菌根真菌类型变化影响土壤有机碳积累

马尾松林(PinusmassonianaLamb.)是典型的外生菌根(Ectomycorrhiza,ECM)优势林,但是近年来受到松材线虫病的影响,生态服务功能下降,逐渐被丛枝菌根(Arbuscularmycorrhiza,AM)占优势的阔叶林所替代,但亚热带地区马尾松林转变为阔叶林过程中,优势菌根类型的改变对土壤有机碳积累的影响仍不清楚。以建德市马尾松林和阔叶林为研究对象,通过高效液相色谱和中性脂肪酸、磷脂脂肪酸等技术,测定优势菌根真菌生物量、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)含量以及土壤胞外酶活性和微生物群落特征。结果表明:AM真菌占优势的阔叶林(AMD)取代ECM真菌占优势的马尾松林(ECMD),土壤有机碳显著提高了36.81%,微生物碳利用效率(CUE)显著提高了53.85%,AM真菌生物量提高了25.57%,ECM真菌生物量下降45.04%,并且ECM真菌占优势的马尾松林受到更严重的氮限制。磷脂脂肪酸分析显示,相比于AM真菌占优势的阔叶林,ECM真菌占优势的马尾松林革兰氏阳性细菌(G^(+))以及革兰氏阳性与阴性细菌之比(G^(+)/G^(–))分别显著下降了21.47%和6.46%。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,AM真菌占优势和ECM真菌占优势的森林之间土壤微生物群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中AM真菌生物量和土壤有机碳与微生物群落结构变异显著相关。GRSP含量下降以及不同类型菌根真菌招募微生物类群不同是导致ECM真菌占优势森林土壤有机碳下降的重要原因。因此,亚热带地区马尾松林被阔叶林替代后增加森林土壤有机碳含量,提高森林碳汇功能。

黔中山地麻栎天然林外生菌根真菌多样性研究

为揭示亚热带山地麻栎外生菌根真菌多样性特征,选取黔中山地麻栎天然林群落为研究对象,采用形态学与分子生物学技术结合的鉴定方法分析其多样性。结果表明:共鉴定27个EMF OTUs,隶属2门4纲8目9科10属,其中担子菌门和子囊菌门的OTUs丰富度占比分别为86.05%和13.95%,显示了担子菌丰富度明显高于子囊菌。红菇科和革菌科为优势EMF类群,红菇属和棉革菌属为优势属类群,绒盖牛肝菌属、黏滑菇属、革菌属、蜡蘑属和块菌属5个类群OTU种类最少。

松乳菇菌丝生长促生细菌的筛选与鉴定

[目的]从乳菇(Lactarius sp.)菌柄基部土壤分离并筛选出对松乳菇菌丝生长有促进作用的细菌(MHB),以提高松乳菇菌根苗人工合成效率。[方法]从乳菇菌柄基部土壤分离得到细菌,将纯化后的细菌液体培养离心后获得胞外代谢产物,以添加不同菌株和不同浓度胞外代谢产物的PDA培养基接种松乳菇菌丝块,并以未添加胞外代谢产物PDA平板接种松乳菇菌丝为对照,比较25℃培养30 d后松乳菇菌丝生长的直径大小和菌丝密度;另一方面,基于形态特征和16S rDNA序列鉴定对松乳菇菌丝生长有促进作用的细菌。[结果]共筛选出3株可促进松乳菇菌丝生长的芽胞杆菌属细菌,即菌株L1、L2和L3。当3株菌株的胞外代谢产物添加量为2.5%时,均能显著促进松乳菇菌丝生长,其菌落直径分别增加33.6%、55.6%和75.4%。当3株菌株胞外代谢产物以不同组合等比例混合后,在混合物添加量为5.0%时,L1-L3,L1-L2-L3两个组合显著促进松乳菇菌丝生长,松乳菇菌丝直径分别增加36.9%和42.5%。L3菌株的胞外代谢产物在添加量为2.5%、5.0%和7.5%时均能增加松乳菇菌丝密度,且添加量为7.5%时增加松乳菇菌丝密度效果最佳;L1-L3和L1-L2-L3两个组合也能增加松乳菇菌丝密度。通过对3株菌株形态特征鉴定和16S rDNA序列测定,L1菌株为高山芽孢杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis),L2菌株为蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus),L3菌株为环状芽孢杆菌(B.zanthoxyli)。[结论]筛选出3株可促进松乳菇菌丝生长的芽孢杆菌,其中B.zanthoxyli促进松乳菇菌丝生长效果最好。

北京地区蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)外生菌根真菌群落特征

为揭示北京地区蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)外生菌根真菌群落特征,选取北京农学院林场、云蒙山国家森林公园和百花山国家级自然保护区3个蒙古栎山区自然分布地,以及奥林匹克森林公园和中关村森林公园2个平原引种地为采样地,采集土壤和生有外生菌根的蒙古栎根部样品,检测其土壤理化及酶活性指标,采用ITS高通量测序技术对其外生菌根真菌群落进行测定,初步分析真菌群落多样性与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明,平原采样地和山区采样地的土壤特性存在明显差异,山区分布地的全氮、速效磷含量以及磷酸酶活性较高,而平原引种地的pH、全磷含量较高。测序后经过OTU注释和α多样性分析,发现绒盖牛肝菌属(Xerocomellus)、丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、红菇属(Russula)、块菌属(Tuber)为北京地区蒙古栎主要外生菌根真菌类群,但各采样地的优势菌各不相同,并且平原采样地蒙古栎根部外生菌根真菌群落多样性指数低于山区采样地。真菌群落与环境因子相关性分析表明,土壤全氮含量、全磷含量、速效磷含量、碳氮比、磷酸酶活性、海拔、坡度等与真菌多样性关系密切。

中国东西部杨树人工林外生菌根形态及其分布特征

外生菌根由真菌与植物根系建立共生关系而形成,其形态是表征植物环境适应性的重要性状。为揭示杨树外生菌根分布特征及其探索类型调控杨树环境适应能力,从中国东西部9个主要的杨树栽培区共采集77份杨树根系样品,分析了外生菌根形态特征及不同探索类型的地理分布。所采集样品中共观察到35种杨树外生菌根形态,归属于紧密接触型、短距离养分获取型和中距离养分获取型等三种探索类型。中国东部和西部地区的杨树外生菌根形态有显著差异,西部地区杨树外生菌根形态数量和多样性均显著高于东部。东部地区杨树外生菌根主要为紧密接触型,西部地区杨树外生菌根主要为短距离养分获取型,中距离养分获取型菌根仅在西部地区观察到。年平均降水量是影响杨树外生菌根探索类型分布的主要环境因子,紧密接触型菌根的定殖与年平均降水量显著呈正相关,而短、中距离养分获取型菌根的定殖与年平均降水量条件呈显著负相关。其次,土壤理化性质也影响着杨树的外生菌根分布,紧密接触型菌根与土壤pH显著负相关,与铵态氮和全钾显著正相关,而短、中距离养分获取型菌根与土壤pH显著正相关,与铵态氮和全钾显著负相关。在气候变暖和土壤质量退化的全球背景下,研究结果为研究杨树外生菌根生态功能及其对环境变化的响应机制提供科学依据。

马尾松和米槠林下外生菌根真菌对宿主的选择性

【目的】探究森林土壤中外生菌根真菌(Ectomycorrhizal fungi,ECMF)对宿主的选择性。【方法】采用不同的土壤菌源(马尾松土壤Pinus massoniana soil,PmS和米槠土壤Castanopsis carlesii soil,CcS),分别对马尾松(Pinus massoniana,Pm)和鳞苞锥(Castanopsis uraiana,Cu)进行接种试验(Pm-PmS、Pm-CcS、Cu-PmS、CuCcS)。培育6个月后,采用ITS进行菌根鉴定,检测并计算不同土壤菌源下马尾松和鳞苞锥根中ECM出现的频率、侵染率、相对丰度、相对频率、丰富度和多样性,并测定苗木生长指标以及土壤理化性质。【结果】米槠土壤pH值、全磷含量、全碳含量、有效磷含量显著高于马尾松土壤,且接种苗木后幼苗的地上干重和根长均显著高于马尾松土壤。两种土壤中共检测到19个OTUs的ECMF,分别属于7科和10属,Cenococum geophilum、Rhizopogon boninensis和Tomentella sp.2为两种土壤共有。马尾松林下土壤鉴定到的13种ECMF中,能侵染马尾松的有8种,能侵染鳞苞锥的有6种。米槠林下土壤鉴定到的9种ECMF中,能侵染马尾松的有4种,能侵染鳞苞锥的有7种。C.geophilum和Sebacina sp.2均能与马尾松和鳞苞锥建立共生关系;而Hyaloscyphaceae sp.、Lactarius inconspicuous、Rh.boninensis、Rh.flavidus、Tomentella sp.1、Tomentella sp.3和Tomentellopsis submollis只侵染马尾松;Athelia sp.、Amanita sp.、L.atrofuscus、Russula minor、Russula sp.、Sebacina sp.1、Thelephora sp.1、Thelephora sp.2和Tomentella sp.4只侵染鳞苞锥。马尾松土壤的ECMF丰富度指数(IV)、Shannon多样性指数(H′)、Simpson优势度指数(D)高于米槠土壤;但马尾松土壤接种不同宿主植物后的Sorensen相似性指数(0.14)低于米槠土壤(0.36)。部分ECMF的侵染率与寄主的生理生态指标密切相关。【结论】ECM是经过长期与树种共同进化而建立的共生关系,因此马尾松土壤中的ECMF更倾向于侵染马尾松,而米槠土壤的ECMF更倾向于侵染同为壳斗科的鳞苞锥;马尾松林下土壤的ECMF相对于米槠土壤,对寄主植物选择性的更强。虽然土壤理化性质在一定程度上影响了侵染率,但是ECMF的定殖主要受宿主植物的影响。

外生菌根真菌的氮循环机制的研究进展

为了适应复杂的生态环境,植物与土壤真菌形成互利共生的联合体-菌根。菌根的建立是以共生体双方的营养交换为基础的,真菌为植物供给氮源,磷源等营养元素,作为回报植物为真菌生长提供碳源。外生菌根真菌与共生植物之间的营养代谢与交流,是国内外的研究热点。文章主要总结了外生菌根真菌氮循环的国内外研究进展,阐述了外生菌根真菌对土壤中氮源的吸收方式和植物之间的相互作用机制,列举了外生菌根真菌氮循环通路中,已被证实的化合物与酶,展望了未来的研究方向,对外生菌根真菌与共生植物之间营养互利、信息交流等方面进行深入的探讨。

增温对外生菌根真菌的影响研究进展

全球变暖正深刻影响陆地生态系统。外生菌根(EM)真菌可与2%的维管植物互惠共生,协助植物吸收养分,提高植物抗胁迫能力,影响土壤碳循环过程。目前大部分研究发现增温可以直接或间接影响EM真菌的分布、侵染率、探索类型及群落组成等,EM真菌的改变则可能对寄主植物及土壤碳库产生反馈。由于生态系统的复杂性,增温对EM真菌影响的研究因区域、树种、增温时长及方式等的不同而出现结论不一致的情况。因此,今后应加强增温与其他全球变化相关因子的交互实验,同时注重低纬度地区EM真菌以及EM真菌种内及种间关系的研究。

干巴菌菌丝体与原基的比较转录组学分析

干巴菌是云南省一种重要的野生食用真菌,但其发育过程的相关分子机制尚未被揭示。研究旨在以干巴菌G46号菌株基因组作为参考基因组,对干巴菌菌丝体、干巴菌原基进行转录组测序及有参分析。结果表明,差异表达基因(DEG)总数为4197个,2051个上调,2146个下调。GO富集分析表明,DEG在生物过程的多个条目中呈现出显著的富集现象,具体包括代谢过程、细胞过程以及单有机体过程等;在细胞组分的分类中,DEG显著富集于细胞、细胞部分、细胞器部分等条目;在分子功能的层面上,DEG还显著富集于催化活性、结合、转运体等关键条目中。这一发现揭示了DEG在生物体内具有广泛而多样的功能和作用。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,DEG主要富集于MAPK信号通路、内质网中的蛋白质加工、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢通路等。内质网中的蛋白质加工、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢等途径相关DEG在原基期大部分上调表达。此外,共1742个碳水化物活性酶(CAZymes)相关DEG表达,其中碳水化合物结合模块(CBMs)与糖苷水解酶(GHs)的DEG数量最多,分别占40.01%和29.56%。这些基因主要参与糖类底物降解,表明原基形成需要大量物质和能量。同时,降解木质纤维素的基因富集,暗示干巴菌的原基发育可能与其共生植物密切相关。

连城国家级自然保护区外生菌根真菌多样性调查分析

外生菌根真菌是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,对森林的生产力、稳定性和生物多样性有显著影响。连城保护区是我国黄土高原和青藏高原过渡区域以森林生态保护为主的国家级自然保护区,具有丰富而独特的外生菌根真菌资源,但其物种多样性和分布规律一直未进行系统研究。经过5年的调查、采集和分类鉴定,在连城国家级自然保护区共收集到15科、20属、70种外生菌根真菌,并对这些物种在保护区内的多样性和分布规律进行了分析。