BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and ra...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and radiographic features,making preoperative identification challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man underwent routine abdominal color ultrasonography,which identified an asymptomatic tumor in the left upper abdomen.The patient had no history of hepatitis,did not drink alcohol,and had no family history of cancer.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a heterogeneously enhanced lesion between the spleen and stomach that had invaded the diaphragm,with blood supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery.The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery,and HCC was identified by postoperative pathology.Additionally,specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the molecular biological characteristics of the HCC.The patient underwent two rounds of hepatic arterial interventional chemotherapy after surgery.Abdominal plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and lung CT 3 mo postoperatively revealed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION This asymptomatic ectopic HCC case described achieved an excellent result due to early detection,radical resection,and systematic surveillance.展开更多
BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagno...BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.Furthermore,the clinical features are not fully elucidated.CASE SUMMARY A retroperitoneal tumor(6 cm)was located at the dorsal side of the pancreas head on abdominal ultrasonography in an 81-year old woman positive for hepatitis C virus antibody.Contrast enhanced-computed tomography and gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed viable HCC patterns with early enhancement and delayed washout.The tumor markers-serum alphafetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein-L3%-were increased to 30.1 ng/m L and83.1%,respectively.Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱwas within normal levels(17 m AU/m L).Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed strong accumulation into the tumor(Standardized Uptake Value max:13.8),and the tumor cytology following endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration showed poorly differentiated carcinoma.Tumor extirpation was performed,and operative findings showed that the retroperitoneal tumor was disconnected from the pancreas and the liver.Swollen lymph nodes near the tumor were histologically normal.On histological examination,the tumor was finally diagnosed as EHCC with Arginase-1 positive expression.CONCLUSION We report our experience of a rare EHCC which was difficult to diagnose,and we present a review of the literature.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and radiographic features,making preoperative identification challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man underwent routine abdominal color ultrasonography,which identified an asymptomatic tumor in the left upper abdomen.The patient had no history of hepatitis,did not drink alcohol,and had no family history of cancer.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a heterogeneously enhanced lesion between the spleen and stomach that had invaded the diaphragm,with blood supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery.The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery,and HCC was identified by postoperative pathology.Additionally,specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the molecular biological characteristics of the HCC.The patient underwent two rounds of hepatic arterial interventional chemotherapy after surgery.Abdominal plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and lung CT 3 mo postoperatively revealed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION This asymptomatic ectopic HCC case described achieved an excellent result due to early detection,radical resection,and systematic surveillance.
文摘BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.Furthermore,the clinical features are not fully elucidated.CASE SUMMARY A retroperitoneal tumor(6 cm)was located at the dorsal side of the pancreas head on abdominal ultrasonography in an 81-year old woman positive for hepatitis C virus antibody.Contrast enhanced-computed tomography and gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed viable HCC patterns with early enhancement and delayed washout.The tumor markers-serum alphafetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein-L3%-were increased to 30.1 ng/m L and83.1%,respectively.Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱwas within normal levels(17 m AU/m L).Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed strong accumulation into the tumor(Standardized Uptake Value max:13.8),and the tumor cytology following endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration showed poorly differentiated carcinoma.Tumor extirpation was performed,and operative findings showed that the retroperitoneal tumor was disconnected from the pancreas and the liver.Swollen lymph nodes near the tumor were histologically normal.On histological examination,the tumor was finally diagnosed as EHCC with Arginase-1 positive expression.CONCLUSION We report our experience of a rare EHCC which was difficult to diagnose,and we present a review of the literature.
