Gentrification and Residential Differentiation in Nanjing,China

The institutional environment in China has quite evidently changed during modern socio-economic transitions.Driven both by local government and by marketing force,urban social space was redistributed after the reform of urban land and real estate policies.Urban renewal makes for wide differential rent and therefore gentrification is occurring in China.This paper analyzes the background and institutional environment of gentrification in China,and further discusses the process,characteristics and evolutionary mechanisms in the case of Nanjing,through investigation of the attributes of 1075 residential communities built during the 1998-2008 at a macro level,and interviewing the residents and analyzing questionnaires in 6 different and typical communities at a micro level.As a socio-spatial course of two-way interaction,gentrification is divided into 3 stages of incubation,occurrence and fast development,according to the time of landmark events and policy reform on the leasehold of land in Nanjing during socio-economic transition.In terms of the socio-spatial characteristics of gentrification in Nanjing,the gentrification process under the trajectory of urban renewal makes urban social space present a new circle-layer structure;the rise of quite a number of gated communities results in the fragmentation of social space and privatization of public space;the management mode of modern communities and the change of life style have aggravated the indifference of neighborhood relationship of gentrified communities.Based on the empirical evidence of this study,this paper indicates that gentrification is quite different between China and western countries with respect to spatio-temporal order,dominant forces,paths of realization and spatial expression,and it further reveals the dynamic mechanism of gentrification developing in China at the present stage.

Urban Redevelopment, Gentrification and Gentrifiers in Post-reform Inland China: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

Since its process evolved in recent years, the definition of gentrification has expanded to cover different forms of social upgrading, new spaces and new actors around the world. Studies on gentrification in Chinese cities began to take off in the 2000 s. However, they all mainly focused on the newly emerging global cities and there has been a lack of investigation on provincial cities. Furthermore, discussions on gentrifiers′ profiles and their motivations for housing choice are absent from literature on Chinese gentrification. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the relevance of the broad definition of gentrification in provincial Chinese cities through empirical research on urban redevelopment projects in Chengdu, and to examine the characteristics of gentrifiers(as new incoming residents) in it. The results show the rationality of gentrification processes as urban redevelopment in Chengdu, and reveal original outcomes on the corresponding gentrifiers′ profiles and the motivations behind their housing choice, which are different from the general features of gentrifiers in standard Western gentrification research.

Overcome Gentrification： New Dutch Urban Paradigms

The study is related to the city of Rotterdam, investigated in relation to the spatial changes caused by the massive immigration that took place since the 1940s and of which contemporary spatial planning is taking place. The urban regeneration program, promoted by the Municipality of Rotterdam, provided for the reconnection of the district to the urban dynamics of the city and the improvement of public spaces and private accommodation to encourage a process of social gentrification. The social challenges that characterize contemporary cities, especially caused by the violent immigration, have defined a new urban paradigm and new forms of collaboration; as urban planners, we must continue to promote the formation of inclusive, multi-faceted and multitasking cities that are able to capture the diversity of sociality that inhabits the strategic character that makes them different and unique and to experiment welfare and social governance models that allow the shared experience within the urban analyzed contexts; only by making the immigrants protagonists of sociality and of urban civilization can we build stainless cities that resist to climate change and above all to social changes.

Gentrification Within the Law of Transformation of Areas at Disaster Risks in Turkey Sulukule,Istanbul Example

With coming in force of The Law of Transformation of Areas at Disaster Risks numbered 16.5.2012/6306 by Ministry of Environment and Urbanization,the concept of urban transformation has entered to our life in Turkey.Gentrification as one of the forms of urban transformation brought the existence of liberated zones produced by neo-liberal mentality.Sulukule area(Neslisah Sultan settlement)which is subject to research is counted among“the areas to be renewed and to be put under preservation”by numbered 2006/10299 decision of Council of Ministers.Due to the shortage of lands in the city,it is observed especially in 1980s that the families in high-income group have preferred to live in horizontally expending villa towns far from the center.While these residential areas are deepening the distance from the center in time,the pressure of housing demand of middle-income people and rent circles who are not planning to leave the city center caused to have an eye on these areas which are residential areas of mostly low-income people and appeared in certain regions as they are established without infrastructure and healthy conditions.With this law,the transformation has started in the areas such as Fikirtepe,Dolapdere,Esenler,and Banks of Halic(Golden Horn)where structural life is completed,and floor area ratio has been raised to 4.0 from 2.07.Vertical housing is stimulated by adding the street between the parcels to the blocks,it has been tried to prevent the victimization of local people to unearned income.There are some quarters that,under the name of gentrification,Romany citizens who passed to permanent settlement from nomadic culture at the Ottoman era,and who are engaged in activities such as handicraft,adornments,shoe making,weaving beside the show business at Fatih Sulukule district are convicted to lodge in the houses built in suburban if they have title deed,and in jerry-built tents if they don’t have deed.Chamber of Architects,Chamber of City Planners Istanbul Branch and Roma Culture Development and Solidarity Association filed“nullity suit”and“stay of execution”.Despite the continuing judicial process,the demolition started in 2009,and starting the constructing the villas in 2010 breaking the resistance of Romany citizens,the area was victimized to rent.

小议gentrification

人们谈及房屋重新整修时常用 renovation 或 renewal。这里要议的是 gentrification 一字(动词是 gentrify)。它和前两个字有相同词义,但也有不同之处。从词源学或构词法的角度来考虑,人们很容易把它和 gentry 联系上。gentry 原意是“上层人士”。从中可悟出 gentrification 的一部分意思来。在美国匹兹堡时,一位美国朋友指着该市南部地区,特别是沿卡尔森一条街说:This area is undergoing gentrification。

绅士化与城市非遗保护:困境、契机与对策

绅士化是城市更新的表征与结果,能够有效促进内城“再生”与“复兴”,但其发展对当地非遗的保护与可持续发展也产生一定影响,主要体现在绅士化改变非遗生存的文化生态、压缩非遗传习的文化场所、引致传承人群体的多维失所以及损害非遗多样性与原真性。基于此,需要紧抓我国在非遗保护和城市更新层面的政策契机和社会契机等机遇,在顶层设计层面,加强政策规划,推动非遗整体性保护与城市发展相融合;在科技媒介层面,加强科技应用,推动城市非遗的智能化保护与传播;在社会参与层面,提升社会共识,鼓励利益相关者助力非遗保护管理,以期为城市绅士化进程中的非遗整体性保护提供有益参考。

“恰到好处的绿色”:纽约的绿色实践及其环境绅士化应对策略——以纽敦溪更新为例

近年来,城市绿色空间引发的环境绅士化问题受到了学界广泛关注,成为城市建设和更新领域的重要议题。提倡“恰到好处的绿色”(Just Green Enough,JGE)被认为是积极应对环境绅士化的有效途径,该理念覆盖了规划、设计和调控等多个方面,有助于在绿色更新过程中实现环境、社会和经济的动态平衡。该文以纽约布鲁克林的纽敦溪(Newtown Creek)为例,聚焦其可持续发展的思路,从政策指引、多元主体合作和空间活力重塑三方面深入探讨了实施JGE的具体规划策略和机制,并就纽敦溪经验在规划和空间营造方面的可借鉴性进行了详细讨论,旨在为中国应对环境绅士化提供经验借鉴。

城市绿色增长联盟与绿色绅士化的实证研究——以上海黄兴公园与世纪公园为例

援引绿色增长联盟的概念,以上海城市建设高速发展时期中心城区2个新建大型城市绿地黄兴公园与世纪公园为研究对象,通过比较2个个案空间生产过程的系统性差异,对中国绿色增长联盟的形成过程和背后存在的绿色绅士化现象进行深入剖析。研究表明,绿色增长联盟有效提升了中国城市绿地建设的效率与质量,同时增加了绿地周边地区绿色绅士化现象出现的几率。相较于西方绿色绅士化所批判资本对城市低收入群体直接的空间资源剥削,中国绿色增长联盟背后的空间正义性挑战更多表现在空间维度上的社会空间分异,以及时间维度上的财富剥削。

绅士化影响下的新河浦历史文化街区风貌营造

绅士化现象是国内外城市更新不可避免的问题,权衡利弊之余,应从中发现经验或逻辑,从而规避消极影响并转化为造福大众的福利。以广州新河浦历史文化街区为例,调研和论述了其开始绅士化进程的背景,用前后对比的方式归纳绅士化影响下的街区风貌特征,分析风貌特征背后的先进性和不足之处,进而提出以“相互对象化”为要义的设计策略,以及需要相应的落地实施策略作为保障,为历史文化街区的风貌营造提供前置性的思考。

传统工业区“生产—生活”空间的关系重构与“士绅化”研究——以上海市杨浦滨江地区为例

上海市杨浦滨江地区在近年的大规模更新改造中成为“士绅化”的前沿。基于此背景,文章结合历史文献、规划文本和个案社区调研,研究自19世纪末以来,这一地区“生产—生活”空间关系重构的不同阶段,揭示该地区“士绅化”的特殊性。研究结果表明,杨浦滨江地区工厂与工人居所关系变化经历五个阶段,这五个阶段构成“士绅化”的本底、前提与过程,直指当下更新改造面临的核心问题。如何应对这些问题,是这一地区未来更新改造的关键。

权势新变与士绅党化:中共安徽潜山革命研究

潜山革命缘起于错综复杂的地方权势格局,演进过程中存在士绅党化的转型趋向,并不断改造地方政治环境。五四之际,潜山地方权势互动聚焦于教育场域,政绅矛盾、代际转型等博弈多番扰动地方权势格局。伴随知识分子返乡播火,政党嵌入与士绅党化致使地方权势格局嬗变。八七会议后,中共中央调整革命战略,政策因应与地方自主存在偏差,知识分子干群化饱受指责。梅城暴动的失败致使中共潜山革命重心转向山区乡村,革命精英在乡间进行革命动员时,多方势力为利益诉求而博弈,武装力量的介入致使斗争激化,在武装游击的带动下暴动迭起。纵观潜山革命,士绅党化与地方权势嬗变如经纬交织,对中共革命的缘起与演进存有双面助推作用,这是工农革命政权自主探索的必经过程,革命道路的曲折复杂尽显。

国际绅士化实践及其研究进程、特征与展望

绅士化是国际上多学科关注的前沿问题。研究主要采用文献计量分析方法,以揭示国际绅士化实践及其研究进程与特征。结果表明:(1)国际绅士化实践由第一波绅士化浪潮转入第五波绅士化浪潮后,因受全球性新型冠状病毒感染疫情的影响而再次进入调整期;与之相伴随的是,国际绅士化研究在先后经历了概念形成阶段、萌芽起步阶段、波动探索阶段、初步发展阶段、快速发展阶段后,几乎同步进入调整期。(2)国际绅士化研究由国外学术期刊引领,并表现出明显的地理学、城市研究、环境研究、区域与城市规划等学科属性。(3)西方发达国家走在国际绅士化研究的前列,而近年来中国逐渐成为推动国际绅士化研究发展的新兴力量。(4)在国际绅士化研究领域,多个合作团队已初步形成,部分国内学者将研究成果推向世界。研究最后提出了未来绅士化研究应关注的重点。

英美反向择校现象审思

为了促进社会融合,英美两国在其择校政策的基础上倡导混合入学,进入21世纪后,跨文化能力成为各国核心素养的重要内容。在此两方面因素的交互影响下,选择城区质量较差但族群和阶层构成多样化的学校入学即反向择校成为英美两国教育界的一股潮流。反向择校现象既体现了英美两国倡导混合入学的效果,也反映了英美两国中产阶层对跨文化能力重要性的认识,意味着跨文化能力成为一种文化资本。然而,反向择校延续了社会区隔,还导致了城区学校的“绅士化”,社会融合并未如愿实现。

从艺术家介入到艺术介入:上下苑村生活空间的绅士化演变研究

改革开放以来,艺术家在乡村生活空间的聚集形成了“艺术家村”,部分艺术家村则进一步在乡村振兴战略与多元主体合作中形成了“艺术村”,促进了乡村产业转型与经济文化发展。本研究以北京昌平区兴寿镇上苑村和下苑村(后文统称“上下苑村”)为例,基于行动者网络理论,深入剖析上下苑村从普通农村发展为艺术家村进而演变为艺术村的乡村绅士化过程。研究结果显示:1)上下苑村的乡村绅士化演变主要体现在生活空间中,并经历了萌芽期和发展期2个关键时期;2)上下苑村的绅士化过程中住宅空间、公共空间和创意产业空间三方面显示了显著变化特征;3)上下苑村的绅士化是在艺术家和村委会等多元主体的共同领导下,由需求、供给和政策三方面共同驱动的演变过程。本研究揭示了艺术介入下乡村绅士化的发展过程,有助于丰富我国本土乡村绅士化的理论内涵,并为乡村经济、文化等全面振兴提供艺术视角的实践路径。

教育进城的模式及其影响机制——基于教育绅士化的视角

在县域城镇化背景下,基于教育绅士化研究的理论视角,运用质性分析方法,探讨农村家庭教育进城的不同模式与影响机制。研究发现:1)县域层面产生的教育进城现象是农村进城群体主动或被动地加入到优质教育资源竞争的过程。在此过程中,由于家庭资本积累和家庭策略选择的差异,产生不同的教育进城模式,包括流动型教育进城、定居型教育进城和隔离型教育进城。2)教育进城由政府、资本、学校、个体等多方主体共同推动形成,其中政府主导的教育资源供给是教育进城的核心动力,市场参与的教育资本流动是农村家庭进城的重要驱动,家庭本位的教育再生产是教育进城产生的根本逻辑,共同促成教育进城的时空演进。3)县域层面产生以优质教育资源推进城镇化的社会空间效应,但其不完整性同时导致农村进城群体的返乡和外流。

绿色实践下的公平正义:西方绿色绅士化研究进展

随着全球城市更新运动的开展,废弃地、闲置地等存量空间向城市绿色基础设施的转变被认为是重要的可持续发展战略,而在此过程中伴随产生的绿色绅士化为城市建设带来积极与消极的双重影响,逐渐成为全球学者关注的课题。文章围绕新建绿地引发的绅士化现象,基于WebofScience数据库,对2012—2023年的50篇国外文献进行分析,从绿色绅士化的表征、形成机制、影响绿色绅士化程度的绿地特征及应对策略4个方面对其研究进展进行梳理。因地制宜提出未来我国绿色绅士化研究应关注的问题,为我国的绿色基础设施规划及其周边地段建设提供参考。

基于扎根理论的大都市郊区乡村绅士化探究——以上海朱家角镇为例

文章基于扎根理论,探索上海朱家角乡村绅士化问题,重点分析驱动因素、正面影响和面临的挑战。研究发现:经济机会、社会观念及政策在绅士化进程中扮演核心角色;乡村旅游开发策略对绅士化进程有显著影响,但其可持续性和社会公平性受到部分利益相关者的质疑;权力差距和低度的居民参与是主要的社会挑战。最终提出未来乡村发展的建议,强调持续性的重要性,为我国乡村绅士化提供关键视角,有助于实现更公正、包容的社区发展。

Territorial heritage gentrification in Abdali in Amman,Jordan

Having established itself as a heritage discourse,planetary gentrification is being studied in terms of how it operates in the Global South.This study focuses on the case of Abdali Amman,a significant mixed-use neighbourhood in Jordan that has experienced numerous mega-gentrification initiatives.According to Bourdieu’s theories of the state and dispositional practices,this study critically evaluates urban gentrification practices.In terms of gentrification governance,which takes place in two adjacent‘state’and‘civic’zones inside the Abdali district,this study analyses the interactions between transnational and state actors and the intragovernmental(state-municipality)governance system.Gentrification in Amman is connected to the revitalisation of historic sites,is a matter of urban governance,and operates from the transnational sphere along national and local lines.Furthermore,gentrification is caught in a desire/resistance paradox with calls for legitimacy and recognition.As a country in the Global South,Jordan has welcomed capitalist urbanisation.Gentrification is articulated within a flux between deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation,producing a form of‘heritage gentrification’in which history and national heritage are sacrificed through a process of satellite gentrification that is rooted in generative cultural transformation and governed by decentralised power structures.Introducing a Western blueprint of planetary gentrification through narrow gates into non-Western environments is a prevailing challenge.

滨水空间复兴背景下城市江河溢价的时空效应研究

城市江河的溢价是社会经济对自然生态价值判断在城市社会场的价格表现,通过江河溢价的计量分析,有利于明晰滨水空间复兴和高质量发展关键的经济因素。研究以重庆中心区为例,采用2018—2021年的住宅价格面板数据,通过特征价格模型和地理加权回归模型,以生态绅士化视角探讨城市江河对物质环境和社会空间的影响。研究结果表明:城市江河已成为影响住宅价格的重要因素,即使滨水资源丰富的重庆,“不稀罕”滨江住宅现象已经改变;江河的溢价在时空的梯度差异,体现了滨水空间从生产生活功能向生态文化内涵的升级,凸显了文化和生态的价值;优质的滨水资源带来的住宅“中高档化”,具有一定分化效应,但梯度差异不大。研究最后从滨水空间的功能定位、规划布局和空间秩序提出了规划建议,符合中国城市可持续发展追求的公平原则及和谐发展的理念。

乡村旅游绅士化视域下乡村旅游发展路径探讨

为推进乡村旅游的发展,对出现乡村旅游绅士化现象的徐州市汉王村进行调查研究,分析乡村旅游绅士化对汉王村乡村旅游发展产生的影响及由此产生的问题,借鉴国内外乡村旅游绅士化研究,探索促进乡村旅游发展的措施,如完善旅游相关设施,鼓励外来投资与返乡创业吸引绅士群体加入乡村建设,增强综合培训提高旅游服务水平,发展富有当地特色的乡村旅游吸引游客等,助力实现乡村振兴的目标,同时为当前研究乡村旅游的发展路径提供更多参考。