A Study on the Contribution of Vocational Education and Training to the Industrial Development in China

Vocational education and training are an important part of China’s national education system.The two essential characteristics of employment orientation and social service determine that vocational education has a closer connection with social production than other types of education.At present,China’s economic development is in a new stage of transformation and upgrading.The new normal of the economy will inevitably require a corresponding new normal of vocational education and training.The transformation of social needs will eventually lead to changes in the composition of the workforce.Vocational education and training should be aligned with the characteristics of the new normal economy.Using mixed research methods,this study focuses on vocational education and training and explores how it contributes to industrial development in China.

Integration of Excellent Chinese Traditional Culture into the Training and Education of Acupuncture and Massage Professionals

By reflecting on the current situation of the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training of acupuncture and massage professionals,this paper aims to carry out the research on the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training and education of acupuncture and massage.The specific implementation path includes early investigation and analysis,establishment of research objectives,formulation of teaching strategies,means and methods,empirical research on the process of teaching practice,teaching measurement and evaluation,and so on.Finally,it summarizes the connotation of the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training of acupuncture and massage professionals,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the integration of excellent Chinese traditional culture into the training and education of acupuncture and massage professionals.

Views from Maritime Education and Training on the Full Implementation of 2010 STCW Amendments

The full review of The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers （the STCW Convention） has been accomplished by International Maritime Organization （IMO） and the new amendment, which is also named as Manila amendment, has been effective since 2012, with a transitional period of 2012-2017. Based on the system engineering context consisting of ＂Human, Machine and Environment＂, human factors at sea, i.e., those factors relevant to the seafarers, are consistently underlined. STCW convention is the unique but systematic international maritime legislation looking after the ＂professional competency standards＂ of seafarers. The amendment thereto is of great significance for the Maritime Education and Training （MET） systems, which should be fully understood so as to respond to it effectively. The paper analyzes major impacts brought by the amendment, with purposes to raise recommendations for MET systems to implement the amendment effectively.

A Knowledge Management Framework of the Information Technology-Based Approach for Improving Occupational Safety Training of Young Workers

This paper aims to develop a novel knowledge management framework for improving the system of pro-safety attitudes among young worker population in Poland. This is done through an efficient use of existing sources of explicit and tacit knowledge in the field of vocational occupational safety and health （OSH） training. This project identifies three specific research steps for the development of the knowledge management framework of the information technology-based approach for improving occupational safety training of young workers, including： （1） the development of the conceptual model of the flow of explicit knowledge of OSH; （2） evaluation of the effectiveness of formal and explicit knowledge sources for OSH and training methods using these sources in the context of attitudes towards health and safety at work; and （3） verification of the proposed model of vocational training with the use of combined explicit and hidden knowledge. The proposed framework includes consideration of the effectiveness of the formal and informal sources of safety knowledge. A mapping from the formal sources of explicit knowledge about the occupational safety to expected attitudes （hidden knowledge） towards OSH outcomes, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects has been used. The above framework should help to improve the system of vocational training for young workers in Poland.

Industrial Upgrade,Vocational Ability and Migrant Worker Education and Training

Economic structure adjustment,industrial upgrade,and demands of migrant workers for vocational ability are direct driving factors for migrant workers participating in education and training.Personal quality of migrant workers not only concerns their survival and development,but also concerns upgrade of modern industrial structure.From the perspective of industrial upgrade,vocational ability and mechanism of migrant worker education and training,this paper analyzes difficulties in migrant worker education and training.On the basis of the difficulties,it come up with some strategies and recommendations.

Evaluating Training Programs for Electroacupuncture Techniques with Skin Temperature as a New Index

Training in acupuncture techniques has a long history of thousands of years. It has been individually handed down from person (teacher) to person (student). However, techniques and training have not been scientifically evaluated because individual differences may exist among evaluators. In animal studies, some researchers have reported that acupuncture stimulation dilates blood vessels of the skin and skeletal muscles. These studies also reveal an association between skin temperature (ST) and blood circulation volume on the skin. Our previous studies have reported that acupuncture stimulation, especially that of electroacupuncture (EA), can elevate ST. Therefore, we monitored the instructive effects and level of EA techniques with ST and propose that we can bring monitoring ST into training/education of EA as a new index of technical assessment. Moreover, ratio of changes might be used as new criteria for retraining. Healthy students (n = 14) were given with 10 minutes of EA stimulation on the tibialis anterior: Zusanli (ST36) and Tiaokou (ST38). Their ST was monitored before and during stimulation as well as for 30 minutes after stimulation. All subjects showed a nominal increase in ST. At the time, ratios of changes were also calculated. Two subjects did not reach the average of 1.3%. This suggests that the technical level of the therapist was inadequate. Thus, observation of ST elevation and calculation of the average ratio of ST change (elevation) could be applied to a new scientific index of technical assessment in acupuncture treatment training. However, further research (e.g., larger-scale studies, adjustment for gender differences, or other age subjects) is required to support these findings.

A Study of Application of Games in Children English Teaching Taking Children English Class in Education First Training School for Example

As a teaching aid, games are vital to facilitate every part in learning process. They are easy to arouse learners＇ attention and are accessible to achieve teaching objectives compared with traditional teaching. The author did two-month classroom observations in Education First Training School in Ningbo. This paper discusses and shares useful and effective games provided in English class.

Construction Path of Farmer Education and Training System in the Context of Rural Revitalization

It is very important to establish a farmer education and training system for the revitalization of rural talents.This paper analyzed the necessity and new requirements for the construction of a farmer education and training system in the new era.It pointed out the specific path for construction of farmer education and training system from accurately grasping the development direction of farmer education and training,accelerating the construction of a new pattern of farmer education and training,comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of farmer education and training,and actively creating a good atmosphere for farmer education and training,so as to promote the revitalization of rural talents.

The Education ＆ Training and the Utilization of Multi-cultural Workforce

The international movement of workers and the inflow/outflow of immigrants are increasing, the term immigrant communities which country in the world is more familiar. Also, the country that accumulated a history of immigration over decades have been promoted while continuously changing the integration policies for immigrants. The immigration into home country such as the married immigrant women, etc. is constantly increasing in South Korea that had a homogeneous culture. While, it is continued to the overseas movement of young people looking for opportunities in foreign rather than domestic. In South Korea, the multi-cultural families are increasing together with the immigration of foreign workers, the marriage immigrants, etc. in accordance with the globalization of capital and labor, and the multi-cultural society is being formed in accordance with the influx of alien culture and various religious. In this paper, it explored the trends and the future outlook for the multi-cultural workforce in these dimensions. Also, in a multi-cultural society, it suggested the implications and the future assignments for the new changes in the education ＆ training and the employment in order to improve the quality of life and to use as the production entities of multi-cultural workforce.

深化临床医学教育改革培养造就服务健康中国需求的卓越医师

本文围绕如何培养造就服务健康中国需求的卓越医师,从卓越医生教育培养计划着手,以临床医学专业学位教育和临床医学八年制培养改革为例,夯实高校附属医院医学人才培养主阵地,分析卓越医师培养和卓越医师科学家培养有效途径。

Improving Language Skills for Learners in Vocational Education and Training from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds:A Lit⁃erature Review

The vocational education and training(VET)system helps people from culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)back-grounds to integrate and settle into society.However,successful completion of VET is closely related to CALD learners’language skills.This literature review aims at identifying the main methods of language skills improvement for VET learners from CALD backgrounds.Five language support/training methods based on different theoretical models are also introduced in this literature re-view,including the model outlines and target groups.

Second Group of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases Established

The Ministry of Education and the State Council Information Office on July 22 announced the second group of national human rights education and training bases, in- cluding the Human Rights Research Center at Renmin University of China, the Human Rights Research Center at Fudan University, the Human Rights Research Academy at Wuhan University, the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University and the Human Rights Education and Research Center at the Southwest University of Politica~ Science arid Law.

Responsibilities and Working Mechanism of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases

On July 22, 2014, the second group of national human rights education and train- ing bases was announced,increasing the number of national bases from the previous three to a total of eight, which reflects the advancement of human rights education and ~aining in China and has far-reaching significance.

Factors Influencing the Professional Development of Engineering Students Under the"Pian for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers"

Purpose:This study investigates the role of the engineering education environment created by the implementation of the“Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers”(PETOE)on the professional capability development of engineering students from the perspective of students'experience.Design/Approach/Methods:This study uses data from the National Engineering Student Survey and multiple regression analysis to explore the role of institutional resources and support,teaching reforms,and interpersonal interaction on the professional development of engineering students.Findings:The opportunities for on-campus practical activities provided by the institution,content of the teachers'teaching,teaching methods,comprehensive coursework assessment,and interpersonal interactions contributed to the development of students'engineering competencies,with limited contributions from research-based teaching methods.Internship opportunities and international exchange environments were negatively associated with the development of engineering skills in an“unexpected”manner.OriginalityNalue:Focusing on students'experiences of engineering education reform,this study comprehensively evaluates the implementation of the reform measures adopted under PETOE.Furthermore,it assesses how corresponding changes in the general educational environment relate to students’professional capability development.Thus,this study addresses an important research gap in educational reformthe lack of domestic empirical studies in China.

Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development

Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.

Disruptive behavior in the workplace: Challenges for gastroenterology fellows

To assess first-year gastroenterology fellows’ ability to address difficult interpersonal situations in the workplace using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE).METHODSTwo OSCEs (“distracted care team” and “frazzled intern”) were created to assess response to disruptive behavior. In case 1, a fellow used a colonoscopy simulator while interacting with a standardized patient (SP), nurse, and attending physician all played by actors. The nurse and attending were instructed to display specific disruptive behavior and disregard the fellow unless requested to stop the disruptive behavior and focus on the patient and procedure. In case 2, the fellow was to calm an intern managing a patient with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The objective in both scenarios was to assess the fellows’ ability to perform their duties while managing the disruptive behavior displayed by the actor. The SPs used checklists to rate fellows’ performances. The fellows completed a self-assessment survey.RESULTSTwelve fellows from four gastrointestinal fellowship training programs participated in the OSCE. In the “distracted care team” case, one-third of the fellows interrupted the conflict and refocused attention to the patient. Half of the fellows were able to display professionalism despite the heated discussion nearby. Fellows scored lowest in the interprofessionalism portion of post-OSCE surveys, measuring their ability to handle the conflict. In the “frazzled intern” case, 68% of fellows were able to establish a calm and professional relationship with the SP. Despite this success, only half of the fellows were successfully communicate a plan to the SP and only a third scored “well done” in a domain that focused on allowing the intern to think through the case with the fellow’s guidance.CONCLUSIONFellows must receive training on how to approach disruptive behavior. OSCEs are a tool that can assess fellow skills and set a culture for open discussion.

Contribution of joint experiments on small tokamaks in the framework of IAEA coordinated research projects to mainstream fusion research

Joint experiments(JEs)on small tokamaks have been regularly performed between 2005 and 2015 under the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)coordinated research projects(CRPs).This paper describes the background and the rationale for these experiments,how they were organized and executed,main areas of research covered during these experiments,main results,contributions to mainstream fusion research,and discusses lessons learned and outcomes from these activities.We underline several of the most important scientific outputs and also specific outputs in the education of young scientists and scientists from developing countries and their importance.

Seafarers＇ Current Awareness, Knowledge, Motivation and Ideas towards Low Carbon-Energy Efficient Operations

International and national concern about detrimental climate change has generated pressure for the shipping industry to play its＇ role in reducing the 3.3% of global carbon emission it emits. On the 1st January, 2013, the IMO （International Maritime Organisation） enforced regulations to support the reduction of shipping carbon emissions by improving energy efficiency. These measures directly and indirectly affect the daily operations of seafarers and onshore performance and managerial personnel. Whilst the industry has made efforts to raise the awareness of many stakeholders and research has been undertaken to investigate energy efficiency barriers, little has been done to capture the opinions, needs and knowledge of seafarers. A questionnaire was distributed in the last quarter of 2011 to investigate seafarers＇ awareness, knowledge and motivation towards carbon emissions in general and towards shipping carbon emissions. It also investigated opinions as to which personnel have the most influence over carbon reductions and what are the most important operational improvements that can be made. The authors have collected 317 questionnaire responses. The primary benefit of this study is to support the identification of an operational strategy to improve energy efficiency, including the development of LC-EE （low carbon-energy efficiency） MET （maritime education and training）, which is shown to be needed.

Capacity Building and Transfer of Know-how in Radiation Protection. Dissemination of Enetrap Projects Results

The ENETRAP （European Network on Education and Training in RAdiological Protection） project series, since the first edition in 2005 till the current ENETRAP III, always have been the objective to maintain a high level of competence in radiation protection （RP）, assuring the continued development of suitable well-trained personnel and adequate knowledge management. This objective is crucial to ensure future safe use of ionizing radiations （IR） and the development of new technologies in a safe way. A big effort and lot of work has been done in these 11 years including the new definitions in the BSS for RP Expert （RPE）, RP Officer （RPO） and Medical Physics Expert （MPE） which are the basis for future national development and implementation and adequate the high-level education and training （E＆T） in the countries. In order to manage all the valuable results of the projects and to distribute them to the society, is required a tool, developed with this specific propose, that will be the object of this paper.