Sex as an effect modifier in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk

BACKGROUND The results of previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between the alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk have reported that a statistical significance only for men.AIM To investigate the different association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk between men and women.METHODS The selection criteria included a prospective cohort study for evaluating alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk,with relative risks adjusted for potential confounders.Adjusted relative risk(RR)for the potential confounders and its 95%confidence interval(CI)in the highest vs lowest level were extracted from each study and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.Subgroup analyses by region,level of adjustment for smoking status,adjusting for body mass index,and year of publication were conducted.RESULTS A meta-analysis of all 27 cohorts showed that alcohol intake increased the risk of gastric cancer(summary RR=1.13,95%CI:1.04-1.23,I2=58.2%).Further,13 men’s cohorts had higher summary RR while maintaining statistical significance,and only seven women’s cohorts had no statistical significance.CONCLUSION The present review suggests that alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer in men.These findings showed that the sex variable in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk seemed to be an effect modifier with an interaction term.It is necessary to re-estimate follow-up outcomes after stratifying for sex.

Synergistic effect of cobalt and copper on a nickel-based modified graphite electrode during methanol electro-oxidation in NaOH solution

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was studied over Ni, Co and Cu binary or ternary alloys on graphite electrodes in a NaOH solution （0.1 mol/L）. The catalysts were prepared by cycling the graphite electrode in solutions containing Ni, Cu and Co ions at cathodic potentials. The synergistic effects and catalytic activity of the modified electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, chronoamperometry CCA） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. It was found that, in the presence of methanol, the modified Ni-based ternary alloy electrode （G/NiCuCo） exhibited a significantly higher response for methanol oxidation compared to the other samples. The anodic peak currents showed a linear dependency on the square root of the scan rate, which is a characteristic of a diffusion controlled process. During CA studies, the reaction exhibited Cottrellin behavior and the diffusion coefficient of methanol was determined to be 6.25× 10-6 cm2/s and the catalytic rate constant, K, for methanol oxidation was found to be 40×107 cm3/Cmol.s）. EIS was used to investigate the catalytic oxidation of methanol on the surface of the modified electrode.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Modified by Silica Fume /Acrylic Core-Shell Impact Modifier Blends

This research explored replacing acrylic core-shell impact modifier （AIM） by silica fume to toughen PVC. 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of AIM （8 phr） were substituted by silica fume in PVC respectively, and then processed by dry blending and twin-screw extrusion. Severe silica fume agglomeration was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） in the PVC matrix when 8 phr pure silica fume was used and processed by screw speed of 20 rpm. Its tensile strength was thereby reduced by 38% comparing to unmodified PVC. The silica fume was successfully dispersed while the screw speed was slowed down to 10 rpm to give a stronger screw torque and a longer melt residential time in the extruder. The tensile strength was ’recovered’ to a level comparable to unmodified PVC. Impact test were performed on all formulations extruded at 10 rpm screw speed and synergetic toughening effect was found with 50% substitution and it had the impact strength that was comparable to 8 phr pure AIM toughened PVC.

Modifying Effect of Rare Earths and Titanium on Austenitic Manganese Steel

By means of thermodynamic calculations, optical microscope, sweep electron microscope(SEM), transimssion electron microscope(TEM) and microcomposition detection, the modifying effect of RE and Ti on austenitic manganese steel was investigated The results show that the constitutional supercooling of austenitic manganese steel during solidification can be improved and the dendritic crystals can be grown facilely, melted, isolated and multiplied by adding RE(Ce) In the melt the alloying elements Ti and C can form TiC directly which acts as nucleus of cementite and causes both primary and eutectic cementite to be granulated and refined so that the cementite network in this steel can be eliminated

THE PREPARATION OF ISOPOLYMOLYBDIC ACID-POLYANILINE FILM MODIFIED ELECTRODE AND ITS CATALYTIC EFFECTS ON CHLORATE IONS

The preparation method of H_4MoO_(26)-polyaniline film modified electrode and its voltammetric behaviour are described. The modified electrode has high electrocatalytic activity on chlorate ions.

A Modified Lattice Model of the Reversible Effect of Axial Strain on the Critical Current of Polycrystalline REBa2Cu3O7-δ Films

The strain effect on the critical current is one of the most important properties for polycrystalline YBa2 Cu3O7-δ （REBCO, RE： rare earth） films, in which the reversible effect is intrinsic in the range of strain 0 and the irreversible strain εirr. By introducing the applied strain, a modified grain boundaries （GBs） in the REBCO film is developed. lattice model combining the strain and misorientation of A good agreement of the calculation on the lattice model with the experimental data shows that the lattice model is able to well describe the reversible effect of axial strain on the critical current of the REBCO film, and provides a good understanding of the mechanism of the reversible effect of the strain. Moreover, the effects of the crystallographic texture of the REBCO film and the residual strain εr on the variation of the critical current with the applied strain are extensively investigated. Furthermore by using the developed lattice model, the irreversible strain εirr of the REBCO film can be theoretically determined by comparing the calculation of the critical current-strain curve with the experimental data.

Preparation, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of copper/zincloaded montmorillonite

Background： A series of modified montmorillonites（Mt） including zinc-loaded Mt（Zn-Mt）, copper-loaded Mt（Cu-Mt）, copper/zinc-loaded Mt with different Cu/Zn ratio（Cu/Zn-Mt-1, Cu/Zn-Mt-2, Cu/Zn-Mt-3） were prepared by an ion-exchange reaction, and characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The specific surface areas, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the modified Mt were investigated.Results： In the modified Mt, hydrated Cu ions and Zn ions were exchanged in the interlayer space of Mt and the particles were irregular shapes. The results showed that Cu/Zn-Mt enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared with Zn-Mt and Cu-Mt possibly due to the synergistic effect between Cu and Zn. Among the Cu/Zn-Mt with different Cu/Zn raitos, Cu/Zn-Mt with a Cu/Zn ratio of 0.98 or 0.51 showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria（Escherichia coli）, gram-positive bacteria（Staphylococcus aureus）, fungi（Candida albicans）.Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Cu/Zn-Mt was correlated with its specific surface area. Cytotoxicity studies on IPEC-J2 cell showed a slight cytotoxicity of Cu/Zn-Mt.Conclusions： The current data provide clear evidence that in terms of its antimicrobial activity and relatively low toxicity, the Cu/Zn-Mt holds great promise for applications in animal husbandry.

Revisiting the methods of determining hydraulic conductivity of saturated expansive clays in low-compressibility zone

The hydraulic conductivity of saturated clays is commonly determined either directly by monitoring water flux or indirectly based on Terzaghi’s consolidation equation.Similar results are generally obtained from the two methods,but sometimes a significant difference can be observed,in particular for expansive soils.In this study,the hydraulic conductivities determined by the two methods are first compared based on existing data in the literature.The indirect method is then revisited attempting to explain the difference identified.A modified effective stress,considering physico-chemical interaction between face-to-face oriented particles,is finally introduced to better describe the compressibility of expansive clays and to further improve the indirect method in determining hydraulic conductivity of such soils in the low-compressibility zone.Extra tests were performed on Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite slurry and the results obtained allowed the modified indirect method to be verified.

Analytic solution for size-dependent behaviors of micro-beam under forced vibration

This paper focuses on the size-dependently mechanical behaviors of a micro-beam under forced vibration.Governing equations of a micro-beam under forced vibration are established by using the modified couple stress theory,Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and D’Alembert’s principle together.A simply supported micro-beam under forced vibration is solved according to the established governing equations and the method of separation of variables.The dimensionless deflection,amplitude mode and period mode are defined to investigate the size-dependently mechanical behaviors of a micro-beam under forced vibration.Results show that the performance of a micro-beams under forced vibration is distinctly size-dependent when the ratio of micro-beam height to material length-scale parameter is small enough.Both frequency ratio and loading location are the important factors that determine the sizedependent performance of a micro-beams under forced vibration.

Effects of Protein on the Detection of Chlorobenzenes in Fish and Their Elimination by Modified QuEChERS Method

Molecular fluorescence spectrometry, resonance Rayleigh scattering and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS） were used to study the effect of pure fish serum albumin（FSA） as the model protein on the extraction of three chlorobenzenes（CBs： 1,3-DCB, 1,2-DCB and 1,2,4-TCB; DCB=dichlorobenzene; TCB=trichlorobenzene） in fish samples. The results show that there was a strong binding effect between CB and FSA. In an aqueous solution of 90%（volume fraction） acetone, a slow but full protein denaturation might take place, which would cause the unfolding of protein and the releasing of CBs. Based on these results, a QuEChERS（quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe） method was modified by replacing the traditional acetonitrile with acetone aqueous solution in the present work. This modified QuEChERS method was applied in the determination of CBs in fish samples. The spiked recoveries and the limits of detection were 80.4%--118.3% and 2.4--7.3 ng/g, respectively. This paper proposes a new strategy by slowing down the protein denaturation and releasing bound organic compounds to enhance the extraction efficiency of CBs in fish samples.

Effect of modified Dihuang Yinzi recipe and Huatan Tongluo decoction on neurological function of MCAO rats

Objective To observe the effect of Modified Dihuang Yinzi Recipe(MDYR)and Hua-tan Tongluo Decoction(HTD)on neurological function of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,i.e.,the sham-op-

Effect of modified Hangqi Chifeng decoction containing serum on the expression of Col Ⅳ,MMP-2,and TIMP-2 in glomerular mesangial cells induced by LPS

Objective To explore the effect of Modified Hangqi Chifeng Decoction(MHCD)on levels of collagen typeⅣ(ColⅣ),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)in extracellular matrix(ECM)of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)in LPS induced mice.Methods Normal serum and telmisartan,high,medium,low dose MHCD containing

High Efficient Extraction of Phthalates in Aquatic Products by a Modified QuEChERS Method

A simple, environmentally friendly and high efficient extraction method was proposed for the determina- tion of five phthalates in aquatic products by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detector （GC-MS）. When this method was adopted, samples were pretreated by modified QuEChERS（quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe） method. An environmentally friendly extractant（ethanol aqueous solution） replaced toxic acetonitrile for extracting phthalates in the protein-matrix samples. Fluorescence quenching spectra of bovine serum albumin（BSA） with phthalates show that there was a high-affinity interaction between phthalate and protein, de- creasing the extraction efficiency of phthalates from fish samples. However, in the 80%（volume fraction, ~） ethanol aqueous solution, a slow but full protein denaturation takes place, which would cause the unfolding of protein and the release of phthalates. Meanwhile, the fat-soluble impurities are extracted less in ^（ethanol） 80% aqueous solution than in either ~p（ethanol） 100% or hydrophobic solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Therefore the puri- fication steps were greatly simplified. Overall recoveries were 81.77%--90.5% with limits of detection between 2.53 and 9.61 ~tg/L, and relative standard deviation values at 1.15%---4.85%. The proposed approach was satisfactorily applied to the determination of phthalates in real aquatic products, such as fish, shrimp and oyster.