Chirp-Rate Resolution of Fractional Fourier Transform in Multi-component LFM Signal

Distinguishing close chirp-rates of different linear frequency modulation （LFM） signals under concentrated and complicated signal environment was studied. Firstly, detection and parameter estimation of multi-component LFM signal were used by discrete fast fractional Fourier transform （FrFT）. Then the expression of chirp-rate resolution in fractional Fourier domain （FrFD） was deduced from discrete normalize time-frequency distribution, when multi-component LFM signal had only one center frequency. Furthermore, the detail influence of the sampling time, sampling frequency and chirp-rate upon the resolution was analyzed by partial differential equation. Simulation results and analysis indicate that increasing the sampling time can enhance the resolution, but the influence of the sampling frequency can he omitted. What＇s more, in multi-component LFM signal, the chirp-rate resolution of FrFT is no less than a minimal value, and it mainly dependent on the biggest value of chirp-rates, with which it has an approximately positive exponential relationship.

Order selection in fractional Fourier transform based beamforming

Traditionally,beamforming using fractional Fourier transform（FrFT） involves a trial-and-error based FrFT order selection which is impractical.A new numerical order selection scheme is presented based on fractional power spectra（FrFT moment） of the linear chirp signal.This method can adaptively determine the optimum FrFT order by maximizing the second-order central FrFT moment.This makes the desired chirp signal substantially concentrated whereas the noise is rejected considerably.This improves the mean square error minimization beamformer by reducing effectively the signal-noise cross terms due to the finite data length de-correlation operation.Simulation results show that the new method works well under a wide range of signal to noise ratio and signal to interference ratio.

INTERFERENCE MITIGATING BASED ON FRACTIONAL FOURIER TRANSFORM IN TRANSFORM DOMAIN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The method of FRactional Fourier Transform (FRFT) is introduced to Transform Domain Communication System (TDCS) for signal transforming in the paper after theoretical analysis. The method yields optimal Basis Function (BF) by FRFT with optimal transform angle. The TDCS using the proposed method has wider usable spectrum, stronger robustness and better ability of anti non-stationary jamming than using usual methods, such as Fourier Transform (FT), Auto Regressive (AR), Wavelet Transform (WT), etc. The main simulation results are as follows. First, the Bit Error Rate (BER) Pb is close to theoretical bound of no jamming no matter in single tone or in linear chirp interference. Second, the interference-to-signal ratio J /E is at least 12dB more than that of Direct Spread Spectrum System (DSSS) under the same BER if the spectrum hopping-to-signal ratio is 1:20 in chirp plus hopping interfering. Third, the Eb /N 0(when estimation difference is 90% between trans- mitter and receiver) is about 3.5dB or about 0.5dB (when estimation difference is 10% between transmitter and receiver) more than that of theoretical result when no estimation difference un-der Pb=10-2.

Quasi-LFM radar waveform recognition based on fractional Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis

Recent advances in electronics have increased the complexity of radar signal modulation.The quasi-linear frequency modulation(quasi-LFM)radar waveforms(LFM,Frank code,P1−P4 code)have similar time-frequency distributions,and it is difficult to identify such signals using traditional time-frequency analysis methods.To solve this problem,this paper proposes an algorithm for automatic recognition of quasi-LFM radar waveforms based on fractional Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis.First of all,fractional Fourier transform and the Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD)are used to determine the number of main ridgelines and the tilt angle of the target component in WVD.Next,the standard deviation of the target component's width in the signal's WVD is calculated.Finally,an assembled classifier using neural network is built to recognize different waveforms by automatically combining the three features.Simulation results show that the overall recognition rate of the proposed algorithm reaches 94.17%under 0 dB.When the training data set and the test data set are mixed with noise,the recognition rate reaches 89.93%.The best recognition accuracy is achieved when the size of the training set is taken as 400.The algorithm complexity can meet the requirements of real-time recognition.

Novel uncertainty relations associated with fractional Fourier transform

In this paper the relations between two spreads, between two group delays, and between one spread and one group delay in fractional Fourier transform （FRFT） domains, are presented and three theorems on the uncertainty principle in FRFT domains are also developed. Theorem 1 gives the bounds of two spreads in two FRFT domains. Theorem 2 shows the uncertainty relation between two group delays in two FRFT domains. Theorem 3 presents the crossed uncertainty relation between one group delay and one spread in two FRFT domains. The novelty of their results lies in connecting the products of different physical measures and giving their physical interpretations. The existing uncertainty principle in the FRFT domain is only a special ease of theorem 1, and the conventional uncertainty principle in time-frequency domains is a special case of their results. Therefore, three theorems develop the relations of two spreads in time-frequency domains into the relations between two spreads, between two group delays, and between one spread and one group delay in FRFT domains.

Rejection of Linear FM Interference in DSSS System Based on Fractional Fourier Transform

A new method for the rejection of linear frequency modulation (LFM) interference in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system based on the fractional Fourier transform is proposed, and the configuration of the receiver with an interference exciser is also presented. Based on the property that the fractional Fourier transform of a signal is equivalent to rotating the signal in the time-frequency plane, the received signal is transform into a certain fractional Fourier domain, this transform will result in the least spectrum overlap between the signal and interference. Then, a narrowband filter is exploited to extract most of the interference energy. The performance analyses show that remarkable improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit-error-ratio (BER) are obtained.

Key Frame Extraction of Surveillance Video Based on Fractional Fourier Transform

With the vigorous development of national infrastructure construction and public information construction,video surveillance systems have gradually penetrated various fields.The current key frame extraction technology has inadequate target details and inaccurate judgment of local actions.Addressing this problem,a key frame extraction method based on fractional Fourier transform is proposed.This method obtained the phase spectra information of different orders by performing fractional Fourier transform on the surveillance video frames.Next,the method designed an adaptive algorithm based on the golden section point to select the transformation order.Then,the phase spectrum information of two adjacent frames was used to characterize the changes in the global and local motion states of the target.The final step was to extract key frames based on this.Experimental results show that,compared with the previous methods,the key frames extracted by the method proposed in this paper can correctly capture the changes in the global and local motion states of the target.

Improved Spectral Representation for Birdcall Based on Fractional Fourier Transform

A novel spectral representation based on fractional Fourier transform （FrFT） is proposed and applied to birdcall analysis. The FrFT-based spectrogram of a signal is derived and compared with its FT-based counterpart, and the spectrum gathering method is used to show the energy distribution related to the pitch frequency. The fixed transform order and adaptive orders for FrFT are tested. The fixed order can be obtained empirically or calculated according to the known chirp rate. The adaptive optimal orders are determined by using ambiguity function. Experimental results with birdcalls show that the FrFT-based spectrogram with an optimal transform order has higher resolution than its STFT-based counterpart, and the better performance can be achieved if adaptive orders are used.

AN OPTIMAL INFORMATION HIDING ALGORITHM FOR SPEECH IN THE FRACTIONAL FOURIER TRANSFORM DOMAIN

With the increasing requirement of military and security, the technology of information hiding for speech becomes a hotspot and difficulty in the fields of speech signal processing and in-formation security, which is developing rapidly. In order to stand against the stegano-analysis, the paper proposed an optimal information hiding algorithm for speech in the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) domain based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion. The results of simulation and experiments show that speech modified by the proposed algorithm has no remarkable changes both in time and frequency domains, which can effectively resist the time and frequency analysis, Otherwise, the algorithm is robust to general signal process attack, and the difference is imperceptible between the original and modified speech.

基于FrFT和RVM的变压器局部放电模式识别

快速准确识别局部放电类型对于保证变压器安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对局部放电信号模式识别中面临的最优特征参数提取和分类器设计难题,提出一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FrFT)和相关向量机(relevance vector machine,RVM)的局部放电模式识别方法。首先将FrFT引入局部放电信号分析领域,利用FrFT将局部放电信号转换至分数域并对其进行多尺度分析,在扩充信息提取维度的同时,提取可反映不同局部放电信号波形差异的14维特征构成特征向量;然后将特征向量作为输入,建立RVM模型进行最优特征选择和分类判决函数的联合优化,从而实现对不同局部放电信号的分类识别。建立电晕放电、沿面放电和气隙放电试验模型并采集局部放电超声信号开展试验,结果表明所提方法对于每种局部放电信号均能获得较高的识别精度,平均正确识别率相对于常规支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)分类方法提升超过2.7%。

基于FrFT-FH架构LPD通信波形设计与性能分析

针对Chirp基调制信号在分数阶傅里叶变换域特征明显,信号周期易被检测等问题,提出一种能够实现多域隐蔽的低检测概率(low probability of detection,LPD)波形构造方法。该方法采用分数阶傅里叶变换跳频(fractional Fourier transform-frequency hopping,FrFT-FH)架构,在不改变Chirp信号扩频增益的前提下,通过时宽分割和重组(time width division and reorganization,TDR),降低信号在分数阶傅里叶变换域和周期域的能量聚敛特性。仿真结果表明,相较于现有LPD波形只能实现单一特征域隐蔽的问题,所提波形在不影响系统通信性能的前提下,面对频域检测、分数阶傅里叶变换域检测、周期域检测多种检测手段,在10 dB信噪比条件下的信号检测概率均低于0.2,满足系统在不同特征域下的LPD需求。

基于FRFT的低信噪比LFM信号参数快速估计算法

基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)对线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated,LFM)信号参数进行估计,问题关键是确定FRFT最佳阶数,根据误差迭代思想提出新的参数估计算法,该算法利用归一化带宽和旋转角的转化关系,由估计误差推算角度差值,有效降低了运算量,不需要调频斜率正负的先验信息,改进的对数搜索算法可以进一步提高参数估计结果的稳定性和可靠性。仿真结果表明,信噪比在-8 dB以上时该方法在高效率的前提下仍具有良好的参数估计性能,平均估计误差在1%以内,估计结果接近Cramer-Rao下限,满足工程实时处理需求。

基于FrFT-Keystone运动补偿的OFDM声纳高速微弱目标相参积累检测算法

针对水下目标探测中使用的正交频分复用信号,提出了一种针对高速微弱目标的相参积累算法,以解决多脉冲积累下由目标机动引起的较大相位变化和由水下环境中信噪比低导致的相参积累增益不足的问题。所提算法利用分数阶傅里叶变换来估计目标的运动参数并进行补偿,并结合Keystone变换,实现对高速微弱目标的多脉冲相参积累。理论推导和仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效补偿高速目标脉冲间的相位移动,并在低信噪比环境下取得较好的能量积累效果。

PCG-Based Exercise Fatigue Detection Method Using FRFT-Based Fusion Model

Accurate detection of exercise fatigue based on physiological signals is vital for reason-able physical activity.As a non-invasive technology,phonocardiogram(PCG)signals possess arobust capability to reflect cardiovascular information,and their data acquisition devices are quiteconvenient.In this study,a novel hybrid approach of fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)com-bined with linear and discrete wavelet transform(DWT)features extracted from PCG is proposedfor PCG multi-class classification.The proposed system enhances the fatigue detection performanceby combining optimized FRFT features with an effective aggregation of linear features and DWTfeatures.The FRFT technique is employed to convert the 1-D PCG signal into 2-D image which issent to a pre-trained convolutional neural network structure,called VGG-16.The features from theVGG-16 were concatenated with the linear and DWT features to form fused features.The fusedfeatures are sent to support vector machine(SVM)to distinguish six distinct fatigue levels.Experi-mental results demonstrate that the proposed fused features outperform other feature combinationssignificantly.

基于FrFT的组合预测模型在地铁基坑沉降监测中的应用

针对极限学习机(ELM)模型在地铁基坑沉降预测领域存在的参数选取困难问题,本文引入粒子群(PSO)算法对ELM模型的关键参数进行寻优,结合分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT),提出一种基于FrFT与PSO-ELM模型的地铁基坑沉降组合预测模型。首先,采用FrFT对地铁基坑沉降数据进行多尺度分解,得到若干结构简单的子序列;其次,引入粒子群算法对ELM模型进行全局寻优,提升ELM预测性能,对于各子序列,使用提出的PSO-ELM模型分别进行建模预测;最后,叠加各子序列结果作为预测结果。使用某地铁基坑沉降监测数据进行预测实验,对比GM(1,1)模型、ELM网络模型、长短期记忆(LSTM)模型与本文组合预测模型的实验结果,证明本文提出的组合预测模型的预测精度较对比模型明显提升,从而验证了本文模型能够有效挖掘数据中存在的规律性与趋势性信息,同时解决参数选取困难的问题,为相关结构变形监测与预测提供了一定借鉴。

海杂波FRFT域分形特征判别及动目标检测方法

该文研究了海杂波在分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)域的分形特征,提出了一种基于分形特征差异的联合动目标检测方法。首先,分析了海杂波数据在FRFT域的统计特性,通过对不同极化方式下分形曲线的仿真分析,得到海杂波在FRFT域满足自相似性。其次,给出了分形参数的提取方法和无标度区间,并分析了变换阶数对分形参数估计的影响。最后,利用临近距离单元或临近时刻的雷达回波信号在FRFT域的分形维数和斜距的差值作为检测统计量,经不同极化方式下的海杂波数据验证,表明算法不仅具有良好的微弱动目标检测能力,而且能够准确估计目标的运动状态。

盲分离算法和FRFT联合抗雷达主瓣干扰技术研究

压制干扰信号从天线主瓣进入雷达接收机,会严重影响雷达的性能,通常的旁瓣抗干扰技术难以奏效。而基于盲源分离算法(BSS)的抗主瓣干扰技术在低信噪比条件下性能恶化,因此本文提出了BSS和分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)联合抗主瓣干扰的技术。文章首先利用经典的BSS算法分离接收到的主瓣干扰混合信号,然后对有线性调频(LFM)信号特征的分离信号进行FRFT变换处理,并在FRFT域滤波去除大部分噪声的能量,最后FRFT逆变换恢复出目标信号。仿真实验表明,新算法相比BSS的抗主瓣干扰算法对脉冲压缩以后的峰值信噪比有较大的改善,较大地提高了脉冲压缩雷达的检测性能,具有良好的应用前景。

基于混沌调制DFRFT旋转因子的语音加密

将分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)和混沌密码学相结合,提出一种新的变换域加密算法——混沌密钥调制FRFT旋转因子,用于实现语音信号的实时加解密。采用特征分解型离散FRFT算法,使语音实时加密系统在语音信号解密过程中具备良好的还原特性。理论分析和测试结果表明,该算法安全性较高,优于单纯混沌加密或单纯分数阶傅里叶变换的加密方法。

基于FRFT的对称三角LFMCW信号检测与参数估计

对称三角线性调频连续波(STLFMCW)信号是一种典型的低截获概率雷达信号。该文通过分析STLFMCW信号在分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)域的频谱分布特征,发现STLFMCW信号包含的各段LFM信号在其对应的"最佳"FRFT域内具有很好的能量聚集性;各段LFM信号在频域内会完全重叠,叠加的频谱幅度较高,在低信噪比条件下,严重影响STLFMCW信号的检测与参数估计。因此,利用FRFT检测STLFMCW信号时,必须克服该问题。该文提出一种FRFT与聚类分析相结合的STLFMCW信号检测与参数估计方法。该算法解决了由STLFMCW信号的频谱叠加给信号检测带来的问题,而且,克服了信号尖峰的高度必须高于噪声幅度的限制,在低信噪比条件下具有较好的检测效果。最后,仿真验证了该方法的有效性。

基于FRFT的天波雷达多机动目标检测

天波超视距雷达(over-the-horizon radar,OTHR)中,机动目标信号存在频谱扩展,导致目标检测性能下降。强的海杂波进一步增加了机动目标的检测难度。针对该问题,考虑到海杂波信号能量主要集中在零频附近,而且可以建模为一个自回归(auto-regressive,AR)过程,用AR滤波器抑制海杂波;考虑到机动目标信号近似为线性调频信号,而分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)能有效积累线性调频信号的能量,因此采用FRFT算法估计目标运动参数,实现机动目标检测;在此基础上用分级迭代的FRFT进一步降低运算量;针对多目标检测问题,用"CLEAN"方法逐个检测机动目标。仿真结果表明,与已有的离散多项式变换(discrete polynomial transform,DPT)算法相比,本文算法可以更好地适用于多目标检测;与Radon-Wigner变换算法相比,本文算法可以达到更高的参数估计精度。