Submerged vegetation has a significant impact on water flow velocity.Current investigations include the impact through adding drag resistance and increasing bottom roughness coefficient,which cannot elucidate the char...Submerged vegetation has a significant impact on water flow velocity.Current investigations include the impact through adding drag resistance and increasing bottom roughness coefficient,which cannot elucidate the characters of real submerged vegetation.To evaluate the effects of submerged vegetation on water currents at different velocities,a laboratory experiment was conducted using three kinds of vegetations.The effective heights of these vegetations on varying flow velocities were evaluated.An equation describing the relationship between the normalized resistance of the submerged plants and the Reynolds number based on the plant effective height was then established and used to calculate the hydraulic resistance parameters of submerged plants in different stages of growth.展开更多
Against the background of the current world facing an energy crisis,and human beings puzzled by the problems of environment and resources,developing clean energy sources becomes the inevitable choice to deal with a cl...Against the background of the current world facing an energy crisis,and human beings puzzled by the problems of environment and resources,developing clean energy sources becomes the inevitable choice to deal with a climate change and an energy shortage.A global ocean wave energy resource was reanalyzed by using ERA-40 wave reanalysis data 1957–2002 from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).An effective significant wave height is defined in the development of wave energy resources(short as effective SWH),and the total potential of wave energy is exploratively calculated.Synthetically considering a wave energy density,a wave energy level probability,the frequency of the effective SWH,the stability and long-term trend of wave energy density,a swell index and a wave energy storage,global ocean wave energy resources were reanalyzed and regionalized,providing reference to the development of wave energy resources such as wave power plant location,seawater desalination,heating,pumping.展开更多
By means of analyzing theⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic curve of NiSi/n-Si Schottkyjunction diodes(NiSi/n-Si SJDs), abstracting the effective Schottky barrier height(φ_(B,eff)) and the idealfactor ofNiSi/n-Si SJDs and mea...By means of analyzing theⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic curve of NiSi/n-Si Schottkyjunction diodes(NiSi/n-Si SJDs), abstracting the effective Schottky barrier height(φ_(B,eff)) and the idealfactor ofNiSi/n-Si SJDs and measuring the sheet resistance of NiSi films(R_(NiSi)),we study the effects of different dopant segregation process parameters,including impurity implantation dose,segregation annealing temperature and segregation annealing time,on theφ_(B,eff) of NiSi/ n-Si SJDs and the resistance characteristic of NiSi films.In addition,the changing rules ofφ_(B,eff) and R_(NiSi) are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2008CB418203)the National Water Project (Grant No. 2008ZX07101- 008)the Elitist Support Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-07-0524)
文摘Submerged vegetation has a significant impact on water flow velocity.Current investigations include the impact through adding drag resistance and increasing bottom roughness coefficient,which cannot elucidate the characters of real submerged vegetation.To evaluate the effects of submerged vegetation on water currents at different velocities,a laboratory experiment was conducted using three kinds of vegetations.The effective heights of these vegetations on varying flow velocities were evaluated.An equation describing the relationship between the normalized resistance of the submerged plants and the Reynolds number based on the plant effective height was then established and used to calculate the hydraulic resistance parameters of submerged plants in different stages of growth.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract No.2012CB957803The Special fund for public welfare industry(Meteorology)under contract No.GYHY201306026
文摘Against the background of the current world facing an energy crisis,and human beings puzzled by the problems of environment and resources,developing clean energy sources becomes the inevitable choice to deal with a climate change and an energy shortage.A global ocean wave energy resource was reanalyzed by using ERA-40 wave reanalysis data 1957–2002 from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).An effective significant wave height is defined in the development of wave energy resources(short as effective SWH),and the total potential of wave energy is exploratively calculated.Synthetically considering a wave energy density,a wave energy level probability,the frequency of the effective SWH,the stability and long-term trend of wave energy density,a swell index and a wave energy storage,global ocean wave energy resources were reanalyzed and regionalized,providing reference to the development of wave energy resources such as wave power plant location,seawater desalination,heating,pumping.
文摘By means of analyzing theⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic curve of NiSi/n-Si Schottkyjunction diodes(NiSi/n-Si SJDs), abstracting the effective Schottky barrier height(φ_(B,eff)) and the idealfactor ofNiSi/n-Si SJDs and measuring the sheet resistance of NiSi films(R_(NiSi)),we study the effects of different dopant segregation process parameters,including impurity implantation dose,segregation annealing temperature and segregation annealing time,on theφ_(B,eff) of NiSi/ n-Si SJDs and the resistance characteristic of NiSi films.In addition,the changing rules ofφ_(B,eff) and R_(NiSi) are discussed.