Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere from joint inversion in western China and its implications

The western China lies in the convergence zone between Eurasian and Indian plates.It is an ideal place to study the lithosphere dynamics and tectonic evolutions on the continental Earth.The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations.The effective elastic thickness(T_(e))of the lithosphere can be used to address the lithospheric strength.Previous researchers only used one of the admittance or coherence methods to investigate the T_(e) in the western China.Moreover,most of them ignored the internal loads of the lithosphere during the T_(e) calculation,which can produce large biases in the T_(e) estimations.To provide more reliable T_(e) estimations,we used a new joint inversion method that integrated both admittance and coherence techniques to compute the T_(e) in this study,with the WGM2012 gravity data,the ETOPO1 topographic data,and the Moho depths from the CRUST1.0 model.The internal loads are considered and investigated using the load ratio(F).Our results show that the joint inversion method can yield reliable T_(e) and F values.Based on the analysis of T_(e) and F distributions,we suggest(1)the northern Tibetan Plateau could be the front edge of the plate collision of Eurasian and Indian plates;(2)the southern and part of central Tibetan Plateau have a strong lithospheric mantle related to the rigid underthrusting Indian plate;(3)the southeastern Tibetan Plateau may be experiencing the delamination of lithosphere and upwelling of asthenosphere.

Effective Elastic Thickness of the Lithosphere in the Mariana Subduction Zone and Surrounding Regions and Its Implications for Their Tectonics

To understand the rheology,structure,and tectonics of the lithosphere in the Mariana subduction zone and surrounding regions,we calculated the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere(Te)in these areas using the improved moving window admittance technique(MWAT)method.We find that smaller data grid spacing can better reflect Te variations in the subduction zone.The Te of the study region ranges from 0 to 47 km.The Te is reduced from 40 km on the seaward side of the outer-rise region to 1-2 km along the trench axis.The lithospheric breaking distance from the trench axis ranges from 0 to 250 km.We suggest that the intermediate Te values in seamounts and high Te values on the seaward side of the outer-rise region respectively reflect the‘fossil’rheological state and current lithospheric strength of the Pacific plate.The faulting induced by the downward bending of subducting plate not only ruptures the lithosphere but also contributes to the mantle serpentinization,significantly reducing the lithospheric strength.The largest breaking distance of the Ogasawara Plateau may be due to the increase in the mass load of the subducting plate in the Ogasawara Plateau and the significant horizontal bending force in the plate caused by the resistance of seamounts to subduction.Furthermore,a good positive correlation exists between the breaking distance and subduction dip angle along the trench axis.We suggest that the subducting plate with a larger breaking distance is likely to form a larger subduction angle.

The effect of altimetry data in estimating the elastic thickness of the lithosphere in the western Pacific Ocean

The elastic thickness of the lithosphere(Te)is a key parameter used to describe the strength of the lithosphere.It is usually estimated by a spectral analysis between gravity and topography.In previous research on the estimation of Te,altimetry data were used on both the gravity data and topography data,which could lead to deviations.The study described in this paper analyzed the effects of using gravity anomalies derived from different data sources on the estimation of Te,Taking the western Pacific region as an example,this study analyzed the impact of the repeated presence of altimetry satellite data on the calculation of the effective elastic thickness and found that if gravity anomalies and topography model both contain altimetry satellite data,they systematically overestimate effective elasticity.For a uniform area,the difference in Te can reach up to 30%.For a Te distribution,the difference can reach up to about16%.After eliminating this effect,the effective elastic thickness of the western Pacific region was found to be 10 km,and the statistical results of the effective elastic thickness distribution showed that the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere in most areas of the western Pacific is about 12 km.The paper shows the importance of choosing the appropriate gravity model in evaluating the elastic thickness of lithosphere in the oceans.A figure of Te at seamounts with loading ages demonstrates that Te in the western Pacific is generally distributed within the 100-300℃isotherm depth and does not increase with loading age.

Effective Elastic Thickness of Southeast Part ofArctic Ocean-Eurasia Continent-PacificOcean Geoscience Transect

The effective lithospheric elastic thickness of the continent is an important parameter for examination of the large-scale structure and analyses of the mechanism of isostatic compensation within the plate, and a parameter standing for the strength of the lithosphere. The Te values along Quanzhou-Heishui, the southeast section of the Arctic Ocean-Eurasian Continent-Pacific Ocean geoscience transect, are estimated by using the coherence technique developed by Forsyth. Studies of the feature of the coherence between gravity and topography suggest that at short wavelengths (6. 6-100 km) for each data box that is used to estimate Te, the plate is strong enough to support topographic loads and gravity and topography are uncorrelated. At long wavelengths where the plate is deflected by surface and subsurface loads are compensated by the flexure model. Sichuan land-stone with low heat-flow values has high Te values whereas in Ninghua, Datian, land-stone with high heat-flow values has low Te values, which reflects a correlation, low heat-flow values corresponding to high Te values and high heat-flow values corresponding to low Te values. Te values can be divided into two sections: northwest high section and southeast low section. There is roughly a positive correlation between crustal thickness and effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere.

Lithospheric strength of the Anatolian plateau and implications for strong earthquake activity in Turkey

On February 6, 2023, the doublet earthquake including two main shocks with magnitudes M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5, occurred near the western side of the East Anatolian Fault at the southeast boundary of the Anatolian Plateau in Turkey. Based on the WGM2012 Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the Etopo1topography data, this study first introduced a joint inversion of admittance and coherence functions and used the Bayesian optimal parameter estimation method to obtain the effective elastic thickness Teand loading ratio F of the lithosphere for various tectonic units in the Anatolian Plateau. Secondly, we discussed the characteristics and influencing factors of the lithospheric mechanical strength and analyzed its relationship with seismic activity. The lithospheric mechanical strength of the Anatolian Plateau showed clear lateral heterogeneity and a "weak-strong-weak" spatial pattern from east to west,reflecting various tectonic processes. At last, the strong seismic activity was found where the lithospheric strength was low in the Anatolian Plate. We also incorporated GPS strain rate and other results to investigate the tectonic background and primary causes of the M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5 doublet earthquakes in Turkey. The results have a good insight into urban safety design in the Turkish region, including postdisaster rehabilitation, earthquake hazard assessment, and loss reduction.

Multitaper spectral method to estimate the elastic thickness of South China: Implications for intracontinental deformation

The effective elastic thickness （Te） represents the thickness of the elastic layer or the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, the equivalent of which can be calculated from the spectral analysis of gravity and topographic data. Studies of Te have profound influence on intracontinental deformation, and coupling of the tectonic blocks. In this paper, we use the multitaper spectral estimation method to calculate the coherence between Bouguer gravity and topography data, and to obtain the Te map of South China. Through the process of correction, we discuss the relationships of Te versus heat flow, and Te versus seismicity. The results show that Te distribution of South China is affected by three factors：the original age, which controls the basic feature;the Mesozoic evolution, which affects the Te distribution;and the neotectonic movement, which shaped the final distribution. The crust age has a positive correlation with the first-order Te distribution;thus the Yangtze Craton has a relatively higher Te （about 50 km） whereas the Te in Cathaysia block is only 10e20 km. By analysis and comparison among the tectonic models of South China, the Te distribution can be well explained using the flat-subduction model. As is typical with neotectonics, the region with a higher heat flow is related with a lower Te. The seismicity does not have a clear relationship with Te, but the strong seismicity could cause a low Te. Seismogenic layer （Ts） has a similar trend as Te in the craton, whereas in other areas the relationship is complex.

Three-dimensional admittance analysis of lithospheric elastic thickness over the Louisville Ridge

Using bathymetry and altimetric gravity anomalies, a 1°×9 1° lithospheric effective elastic thickness（Te） model over the Louisville Ridge and its adjacent regions is calculated using the moving window admittance technique. For comparison, three bathymetry models are used： general bathymetric charts of the oceans, SIO V15.1,and BAT_VGG. The results show that BAT_VGG is more suitable for calculating T e than the other two models. T e along the Louisville Ridge was re-evaluated. The southeast of the ridge has a medium Te of 10–20 km, while Te increases dramatically seaward of the Tonga-Kermadec trench as a result of the collision of the Pacific and IndoAustralian plates.

Intra-trench variations in flexural bending of the subducting Pacific Plate along the Tonga-Kermadec Trench

We conducted a detailed analysis of along-trench variations in the flexural bending of the subducting Pacific Plate at the Tonga-Kermadec Trench.Inversions were conducted to obtain best-fitting solutions of trench-axis loadings and variations in the effective elastic plate thickness for the analyzed flexural bending profiles.Results of the analyses revealed significant along-trench variations in plate flexural bending:the trench relief(W0)of 1.9 to 5.1 km;trench-axis vertical loading(V0)of-0.5×10^12 to 2.2×10^12 N/m;axial bending moment(M0)of 0.1×10^17 to 2.2×10^17 N;effective elastic plate thickness seaward of the outer-rise region(Te^M)of 20 to 65 km,trench-ward of the outer-rise(Te^M)of 11 to 33 km,and the transition distance(Xr)of 20 to 95 km.The Horizon Deep,the second greatest trench depth in the world,has the greatest trench relief(W0 of 5.1km)and trench-axis loading(V0 of 2.2×10^12N/m);these values are only slightly smaller than that of the Challenger Deep(W0 of 5.7km and V0 of 2.9×10^12N/m)and similar to that of the Sirena Deep(W0 of 5.2 km and V0 of 2.0×10^12 N/m)of the Mariana Trench,suggesting that these deeps are linked to great flexural bending of the subducting plates.Analyses using three independent methods,i.e.,the/inversion,the flexural curvature/yield strength envelope analysis,and the elasto-plastic bending model with normal faults,all yielded similar average Te reduction of 28%-36% and average Te reduction area S△Te of 1195-1402 km^2 near the trench axis.The calculated brittle yield zone depth from the flexural curvature/yield strength envelope analysis is also consistent with the distribution of the observed normal faulting earthquakes.Comparisons of the Manila,Philippine,Tonga-Kermadec,Japan,and Mariana Trenches revealed that the average values Te^M of Te^M and both in general increase with the subducting plate age.

Geothermal Characteristics and Geological Implications of Major Tectonic Units in China

On the basis of more than 900 heat flow data in China and the surrounding seas, the authors study the geothermal characteristics of major tectonic units in China. The spatial pattern of heat flow and other thermal parameters for lithosphere exhibit significant lateral variation, originating from the Cenozoic tectonothermal activities related to the subduction of the Pacific plate and the collision between India and Asia. The mechanical strength of the crust and the seismicity of tectonic units were strongly affected by geothermal characteristics of units. The crustal heat production rate also shows the lateral heterogeneity, implying the significant lateral variation of bulk composition of the crust in China.

托顶煤巷道锚固“梁-拱”结构分类及顶板冲击失稳机制

我国煤矿托顶煤巷道冲击地压频发,且冲击动载下顶板灾害尤为严重。为探究托顶煤巷道顶板锚固结构类型和冲击失稳机制,以陕西某矿301工作面回风巷道大面积冲击垮顶为工程背景,运用相似实验、理论分析及数据统计等方法,分析了托顶煤巷道围岩应力、位移和巷表加速度的动载响应特征,研究了顶煤厚度与支护构件影响下顶板锚固结构的分类特征,探究了弹性波下托顶煤巷道的应力响应机制,提出顶板锚固“梁-拱”结构的冲击失稳机制,评估了301工作面回风巷道的抗冲能力,并提出了相应的抗冲支护优化方案。结果表明:①冲击动载下托顶煤围岩应力和位移等监测数据验证了顶板存在内、外层的梁或拱形锚固结构,因顶煤厚度增加,顶板内层锚固结构存在由“梁”向“拱”的转换;②基于顶煤厚度与支护构件相对关系,将顶板锚固结构划分为薄顶煤的“叠加梁-拱”、厚顶煤的“组合梁-拱”和特厚顶煤的“组合拱”,建立了厚煤梁由“梁”向“拱”转化的临界厚度指标;③顶板锚固梁结构和锚固拱结构的冲击失稳机制为动静载荷下分别达到其拉伸、剪切强度极限后破坏,锚固“梁-拱”结构对冲击载荷的放大效应受其尺寸影响明显;④特厚顶煤的“组合拱”结构中内层拱承载强度较低,可增加锚杆长度提升内层拱厚,对应的“组合拱”结构的承载能力上升明显,与抗冲能力评估结果相符。

青藏高原东北缘岩石圈有效弹性厚度与地震分布关系

岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_(e))表征岩石圈综合力学强度,对理解区域深部构造孕震环境具有重要意义.青藏高原东北缘地质构造复杂,强烈地震活动频发.为进一步了解该区域深部岩石圈力学性质特征及其与地震活动的关系,本文利用基于Fan小波的谱方法,使用WGM2012重力异常数据、ETOPO1地形数据和CRUST1.0模型,通过导纳和相关联合反演计算了青藏高原东北缘的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_(e))与荷载比(F).结果显示研究区T_(e)整体呈明显的东高西低分布,青藏块体T_(e)变化剧烈,西部高值(>40 km)和东部低值(<20 km)共存;鄂尔多斯地块T_(e)较高(>30 km),变化相对平缓;荷载比F存在局部西南高,巴颜喀拉和羌塘地块荷载比F较高(>0.5),说明以地下荷载为主,其他地块荷载比F较低(<0.2),以地表荷载为主.鄂尔多斯地块结构稳定,岩石圈强度较大,T_(e)值较高;内部构造活动性微弱,深部物质密度横向变化较小,岩石圈所受荷载以地表为主,荷载比F较低.柴达木地块东部与巴颜喀拉地块东部可能发生有下地壳流,岩石圈较为软弱,T_(e)值较低;巴颜喀拉地块内部与鲜水河断裂的荷载比F较高,岩石圈所受荷载以地下为主,可能是地壳物质向东流动导致岩石圈深部物质密度横向变化较大引起的.通过对比分析研究区T_(e)和T_(e)梯度、F和F梯度与地震之间的对应关系,发现地震一般发生在区域相对低T_(e)值、T_(e)梯度值和荷载比F梯度值较大的区域,震级较小的地震多发生在荷载比F较小的地区,6级以上强震则较多发生在荷载比F约为0.1和0.8的区域.因此,岩石圈有效弹性厚度T_(e)值较低、T_(e)梯度和荷载比F梯度较大的地区,更易出现地震.

青藏高原东北缘及邻区岩石圈力学强度的贝叶斯估计

本文基于复合岩石圈挠曲均衡模型,利用布格重力异常和地形数据,采用重力导纳和相关函数联合反演方法,结合贝叶斯统计推理确定最优的岩石圈挠曲参数模型,获取了青藏高原东北缘岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te和载荷比F的空间分布特征及不确定性估计.在此基础上,本文分析了各个构造单元的差异性及其与强震活动的关系,并利用热-流变结构等资料,给出了构造运动可能的深部动力源.研究结果显示:青藏高原东北缘及邻区F呈现大面积低值分布,说明其现今岩石圈挠曲状态主要与地表载荷加载相关.此外,岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te存在显著差异,其力学强度差异与青藏高原向东挤出变形、热结构状态有一定对应关系.本文结果可为定量化研究青藏高原动力学问题提供有效的地球物理依据.

中国东北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度及构造涵义研究

基于WGM2012布格重力异常数据,获取中国东北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度T e分布。采用小波多尺度分解方法,反演区域不同深度地质体横向差异。结合地震重点监视地区(依舒断裂带北段地区、扎兰屯地区、长白山地区)地震活动特征,分析岩石圈深部构造与地震活动之间的关系。结果表明,依舒断裂带北段地区T_(e)约为15.5 km,岩石抗变形能力较弱,浅部密度横向差异较明显,震源深度较浅;扎兰屯地区T_(e)约为24.5 km,岩石抗变形能力较强,深部密度横向差异较大,震源深度较深;长白山地区T_(e)约为11.5 km,受西太平洋板块俯冲作用下的热地幔动力作用,地震活动相对较活跃。

NON-LOCAL MODELING ON MACROSCOPIC DOMAIN PATTERNS IN PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF NiTi TUBES

Recent experiments revealed many new phenomena of the macroscopic domain patterns in the stress-induced phase transformation of a superelastic polycrystalline NiTi tube during tensile loading. The new phenomena include deformation instability with the formation of a helical domain, domain topology transition from helix to cylinder, domain-front branching and loading-path dependence of domain patterns. In this paper, we model the polycrystal as an elastic continuum with nonconvex strain energy and adopt the non-local strain gradient energy to account for the energy of the diffusive domain front. We simulate the equilibrium domain patterns and their evolution in the tubes under tensile loading by a non-local Finite Element Method （FEM）. It is revealed that the observed loading-path dependence and topology transition of do- main patterns are due to the thermodynamic metastability of the tube system. The computation also shows that the tube-wall thickness has a significant effect on the domain patterns： with fixed material properties and interfacial energy density, a large tube-wall thickness leads to a long and slim helical domain and a severe branching of the cylindrical-domain front.

大陆岩石圈挠曲背景下盆山耦合研究进展与展望

盆山耦合研究在大地构造和地球动力学研究中占有重要地位。地貌负载引起的大陆岩石圈挠曲与沉积盆地沉降是盆山耦合的一种重要体现方式。本论文聚焦于挤压背景下大陆岩石圈挠曲盆地与造山带的耦合过程,系统梳理了单个或者多个地貌负载的几何形态、挠曲盆地几何形态以及岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_(e))三者之间的数学关系。在此基础上,论文介绍了岩石圈挠曲模拟方法在恢复岩石圈刚性程度、造山带演化过程以及盆地沉积沉降方面的具体应用。结合古环境分析与岩石圈挠曲模拟实验,本文提出了一种定量恢复造山带古海拔的新方法。有别于基于温度、压力以及动植物分布与海拔之间关系所建立的传统古高度计,该方法强调在海侵时期地貌负载与沉积盆地间的高度差即为造山带的古海拔。该方法的提出为重建中亚以及其他曾受海侵影响并与岩石圈挠曲相关造山带的古海拔提供了新的思路。论文最后介绍了岩石圈挠曲模拟在定量分析造山带与盆地演化的研究过程中存在的问题与不足,并提出了在探究沉积盆地基底属性、重建岩石圈挠曲相关造山带古海拔以及有关挠曲模拟软件开发方面的新展望。

西太平洋大塔穆火山的重力导纳分析以及对其形成机制的启示

本文利用卫星重力数据和海底地形数据对大塔穆火山开展详细的重力导纳分析。结果显示大塔穆火山的岩石圈有效弹性厚度是1~3 km,指示火山形成于洋中脊之上,符合低重力异常和洋中脊三联点的构造背景。Airy均衡模型和岩石圈挠曲均衡模型推算的大塔穆火山的平均地壳厚度是11~17 km,最厚处拥有一个约30 km的地壳根,与实际地震观测结果基本一致。大塔穆火山的超厚洋壳不同于正常洋中脊,目前地幔柱与洋中脊相互作用是比较合理的成因模式。研究还发现大塔穆火山底下存在一个质量缺失的低密度区,这个区域可能是残留岩浆房造成的结果,与火山中心的地球化学特征、地震波速异常以及广泛的后期火山活动相吻合。另外,这个低密度区提供浮力支撑火山中心隆起,可能导致火山侧翼因差异性沉降而产生正断层。

华北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度及其地球动力学意义

以EIGEN-6C4模型布格重力异常数据、V19.1地形数据和CRUST1.0模型地壳数据为基础,采用导纳法和相关函数法联合反演,计算华北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_(e))。结果表明,华北地区T_(e)值的分布存在明显的横向不均匀性,西部鄂尔多斯地块为高值区,T_(e)厚度约为30~60 km;中部华北平原为低值区,T_(e)厚度约为5~25 km;鲁东黄海地块为中、高值区,T_(e)厚度约为20~50 km。华北克拉通高T_(e)值区与稳定的鄂尔多斯地块相对应,中、低T_(e)值区则对应构造相对活跃的太行山构造带和郯庐断裂带。从T_(e)值与地表热流的关系来看,高T_(e)值区一般对应低热流值区,而低T_(e)值区一般热流值也较高,这与岩石圈厚度和地表热流的一般分布规律一致。从T_(e)与地震的空间分布来看,华北地区的地震活动主要集中在中、低T_(e)值区,表明T_(e)较低的地区稳定性较差,可能更有利于地震的孕育和发生。

Thermal-rheological structure of the lithosphere beneath Jiyang Depression:Its implications for geodynamics

Jiyang Depression, located in the southeast Bohai Bay Basin, has the geomorpho-logic framework of multiple uplifts intervening with sags. Combined the abundant geo-temperature data and thermo-physical parameters of rock samples derived from oil and gas exploration during the past years, with geothermal approaches, here we investigate the litho-spheric thermal regime of this depression. Consequently, based on the obtained thermal struc-ture of the lithosphere, along with rheological modeling, the lithospheric rheological profiles of Jiyang Depression are then determined. Our results show that the temperature at the bottom of sedimentary cover within depression varies from 129℃ to 298 ℃ , accompanied with the base-ment heat flow ranging between 54.3 and 60.5 mW/m2; and 406℃-436℃ for temperature at the bottom of the upper crust, along with heat flow varying from 47.7 to 52.6 mW/m2; while the tem-perature at the bottom of the middle crust is between 537 ℃ and 572 ℃, as well as heat flow ranging from 41.3 to 56.3 mW/m2. The temperature at Moho ranges from 669 ℃ to 721 ℃, the heat flow derived from mantle is between 38.1 and 43.1 mW/m2, and calculated thickness of the thermal lithosphere beneath depression varies from 71 to 90 km. Lithospheric thermal regime is a close correlation with such factors as crustal thickness and surface heat flow, etc. Usually, the larger the surface heat flow, the larger the deep temperature and heat flow within lithosphere, and the thinner the thermal lithospheric thickness. This high thermal regime of the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is thought to be related to Cenozoic back-arc spreading during the western Pacific plate subduction into Eurasian continent. Lithospheric rheological modeling shows that the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is characterized by its distinct rheological stratification as follows: The upper and most part of the middle crust are of brittle, while the lower crust and the lower part of middle crust are all ductile, and lithospheric mantle is dominated by the ductile layer. Additionally, lateral rheological heterogeneities exist in the depression, and the lithospheric strength of sags within depression differs much from each other. The total lithospheric strength of Jiyang Depression is between 1.52 and 2.16×1012 N/m, effective elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is about 24 km, approximating to the thickness of mechanically strong crust (MSC). We suggested that the dehydration of minerals in the subducting zone, along with upwelling of hot materials in the mantle wedge during subduction and back-arc spreading, results in the partial melting at the bottom of curst, which triggers magma intrusion and under-plating. This geodynamics process maybe is the reason for the reduction of lower crustal viscos-ity for ductile flow. Lithospheric rheological stratification controlling the differential deformation styles of brittle fracture or frictional slide in the upper crust and ductile flow in the middle and lower crust, accounts for the basin formation and evolution of Jiyang Depression during Ceno-zoic.

大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度研究综述

大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_e)是表示岩石圈抵抗挠曲变形能力的参数。通过计算该参数,可以获得不同地区、不同构造省的岩石圈挠曲强度,并可以进行区域的比较。本文详细地介绍了T_e的计算方法、研究模型和控制因素。由于T_e与岩石圈热结构、流变结构、力学结构紧密相关,T_e的研究不仅有助于岩石圈强度的定量认识,而且可以获取岩石圈热结构、力学结构空间变化的信息,以及对地幔对流等动力学问题做出制约。

中国西部大陆岩石圈的有效弹性厚度研究

中国西部是地球上陆地隆升最显著的地区 ,有世界上新构造运动最强烈的青藏高原、规模巨大的左行走滑位移的阿尔金断裂系和中亚地区最大的板块内部造山带———天山褶皱造山带 .作为印度板块与欧亚板块相互碰撞的会聚带 ,本区是研究岩石圈动力学的有利场所 .主要运用重力资料和地形资料来研究中国西部地区显著上地壳结构和其上地幔变形之间的关系 .依据岩石圈流变学的理论 ,在空间域采用垂直和水平受力的多个变刚度的三维有限差分方法来计算弹性板的有效弹性厚度 .模拟结果显示中国西部地区的岩石圈有效弹性厚度存在明显的横向不均匀性 ,从 6～ 10km的造山带区域的有效弹性厚度变到大于 6 0km的古陆区域的有效弹性厚度 .青藏高原地区的岩石圈有效弹性厚度平均为 30km ,塔里木盆地的有效弹性厚度为 4 0～ 5 0km ,南、北天山的岩石圈有效弹性厚度分别为 10～ 15km和 30km左右 ,阿尔金断裂在东经 90°以西部分的岩石圈有效弹性厚度要小于 90°以东部分 .