Dynamics of Quantum State and Effective Hamiltonian with Vector Differential Form of Motion Method

Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.

Effect of Deformation Condition on Axial Compressive Precision Forming Process of Tube with Curling Die

The effect of the deformation condition on the axial compressive precision forming process of tube with curling die was investigated by using a rigid-plastic FEM. The results show that the forming accuracy depends mainly on geometric condition rp/d0, little on tube material properties and friction condition; the relative gap △/2rp of double-walled tubes obtained decreases with Increasing rp/d0, and there is a parameter k for a given to/do or rp/t0, when rp/d0 >k, △/2rp< 1, otherwise △/2rp>1.

Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Condition for Expansion of the Universe

In this manuscript, we will discuss about the quantum mechanical system for the movement of non-intractable particle, non-intractable particle which attends every mass state in the universe, the form of a non-intractable particle is n = -m, this manuscript defines the stable cross system for the movement of n-i particles and elementary particles with a perfect black body at centre with proofs of picture of super massive black hole, the linear hamiltonian of the cross quantum mechanical system and with this, it’s co-related matrixes, then by the use of cross system of Non-Intractable Particles defining a new right angel theorem. Then the new black body relation free from plank constant depends on non interactive mechanics and m, which has already mentioned in non-interactive mechanics and it’s relation with galaxies. The unique property of cross system is that it is surrounded by the energy of 10e + e always, and at last the relation between zero point energy and dark energy.

Effect of Co substitution on the glass forming ability and magnetocaloric effect of Fe88Zr8B4 amorphous alloys

As greater attention is paid to energy consumption and global warming, magnetic refrigeration （MR） technologies based on the magneto-caloric effect （MCE） have been developed. Systems based on MR are expected to be more compact, energy efficient, and environmentally safe compared with traditional vapor-cycle refrigeration technologies .

An analysis of As_2S_3 chirped fiber grating formed by two-photon absorption effect

When femtosecond laser pulses interfere with chirped femtosecond laser pulses in As2S3 fiber, a chirped fiber grating is formed. An analytical expression is given to describe the chirped grating, and its Bragg reflectivity is calculated. Because of the high photosensitive effect of As2S3 material, the chirped fiber grating has a wide Bragg reflective spectrum and high reflectivity by choosing proper parameters. This indicates that the chirped fiber grating can be used as a stretcher in the femtosecond chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system.

EFFECT OF VACUUM ON THE CRYSTAL FORM AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE EVAPORATED FILM OF COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE

In a previous paper, we have reported the relationship between the crystallite orientation of the evaporated film of copper phthalacyanine （PcCu） （α-form） and the incident angle of molecular beam at 10-5 torr. In this paper, we shall show some research results about vacuum effects on the crystal forms and the morphology of the evaporat-

Discrete spatial solitons formed in periodically poled lithium niobate by electro-optical effect

We report the numerical observation of discrete spatial solitons in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide array by applying an electrical field through electro-optical effect. We show that discrete spatial soliton can be controlled by applied voltage in the periodically poled lithium niobate.

Eleven Absorbed Constituents and 91 Metabolites of Chuanxiong Rhizoma Decoction in Rats

Objective:Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR,the dried rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong)is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that promotes qi to activate blood,dispels wind,and relieves pain.To date,more than 118 constituents of CR have been isolated and identified.However,the in vivo mechanism of CR decoction is unclear and needs further investigation.In addition,to clarify the effective forms of CR,it is essential to reveal the absorbed constituents and metabolites of CR.Materials and Methods:The absorbed constituents and metabolites in urine and plasma samples of rats orally administered with CR decoction were screened and characterized using a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry technique.Results:In total,102 compounds,including 11 absorbed constituents(eight phthalides and three phthalic acids)and 91 metabolites(71 phthalide-related and 20 phenolic acid-related),were detected in drug-containing rat urine and plasma samples,among which 33 were new metabolites of either CR or its constituents.Based on the structures of these metabolites,six phthalides(ligustilide,senkyunolide I/H,senkyunolide J/N,and butylidenephthalide)and three phenolic acids(ferulic acid,isoferulic acid,and caffeic acid)were proposed as their precursors.They were also deduced to be the main absorbed constituents of CR decoction,which should have closer relationships with its pharmacological effects than other constituents.Phthalide-related metabolites were formed through the metabolic reactions of hydration,hydroxylation,cysteine conjugation,acetylcysteine conjugation,methanethiol conjugation,mercaptomethanol conjugation,glucuronidation,and sulfation,whereas the phenolic acid-related metabolites were mainly formed by glucuronidation and sulfation.Conclusions:Six phthalides and three phenolic acids were shown to be the main precursors of the metabolites of CR,and 33 compounds were new metabolites of either CR or its constituents.These results are helpful for further understanding of the in vivo mechanism and effective forms of CR.