Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

[Objectives]To explore a new method for induction of allergic rhinitis in mice,and compare and evaluate it with common modeling methods.[Methods]36 mice were randomly divided into the control group,blank group and experimental group,and there were 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were conventionally induced.That is,the mice were first injected intraperitoneally with the mixture composed of OVA 50μg,[Al(OH)3]5 mg and 1ml of normal saline once every other day,and then since the 15 th d,20μL of 5%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 7 d.The blank group was treated with the same amount of normal saline according to the control group,and received intraperitoneal injection and bilateral nasal drip respectively.In the experimental group,mice were first given intraperitoneal injection of the mixture composed of ovalbumin(OVA)75μg,aluminum hydroxide gel[Al(OH)3]8 mg and normal saline 1.5 mL for basic sensitization.On the 26 th d,20μL of 3%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 10 d.The number of sneezes,the number of nose scratching,the amount of nasal discharge,and the activity of mice in each group were observed,and the behavior of allergic reaction was scored.Meanwhile,the number of eosinophils in the nasal discharge of mice and the IgE content in serum were measured.[Results]The score of nasal stimulation symptoms,the number of eosinophils and serum IgE level of mice in the control group and the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the three indicators(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The modeling method was more suitable for the development of allergic rhinitis patients condition,and reduced the probability of death of mice due to modeling,and simplified the experimental operation.

INTERACTION MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE THERMAL AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES

The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy, nonstraightness, and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data. The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis, which may help with further development in this direction. Furthermore, the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time. The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.

THEORETICAL MODEL OF EFFECTIVE STRESS COEFFICIENT FOR ROCK/SOIL-LIKE POROUS MATERIALS

Physical mechanisms and influencing factors on the effective stress coefficient for rock/soil-like porous materials are investigated, based on which equivalent connectivity index is proposed. The equivalent connectivity index, relying on the meso-scale structure of porous material and the property of liquid, denotes the connectivity of pores in Representative Element Area （REA）. If the conductivity of the porous material is anisotropic, the equivalent connectivity index is a second order tensor. Based on the basic theories of continuous mechanics and tensor analysis, relationship between area porosity and volumetric porosity of porous materials is deduced. Then a generalized expression, describing the relation between effective stress coefficient tensor and equivalent connectivity tensor of pores, is proposed, and the expression can be applied to isotropic media and also to anisotropic materials. Furthermore, evolution of porosity and equivalent connectivity index of the pore are studied in the strain space, and the method to determine the corresponding functions in expressions above is proposed using genetic algorithm and genetic programming. Two applications show that the results obtained by the method in this paper perfectly agree with the test data. This paper provides an important theoretical support to the coupled hydro-mechanical research.

Effective Two-State Model and NOON States for Double-Well Bose-Einstein Condensates in Strong-Interaction Regime

The model of double-well Bose-Einstein condensates in the strong-interaction regime is shown to reduce adiabatically to an effective two-state model describing the Rabi oscillations between the two atomic Fock states ｜N, 0〉 and [0, N〉, and the NOON states of arbitrary ultracold atoms can therefore be generated periodically from the initial state of either one of the Foek states.

Non-Ferrous Metal Giant Develops Effective Business Model

CNMC combines social responsibility with corporate vision as it expands in Africa TODAY non-ferrous metals(metals other than iron and alloys that do not contain an appreciable amount of iron) are an indispensable part of every aspect of our lives. From daily necessities like telephones and electric cookers,to sophisticated equipment like satellites and radar,non-ferrous

The impact of Internet access on household dietary quality:Evidence from rural China

Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’income.Beyond these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social welfare.However,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains scarce.This study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal analysis.Regression models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved heterogeneity.The estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy products.We also examine the underlying mechanisms.Internet access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food expenditure.These results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.

An Experimental Analysis of Gas-Liquid Flow Breakdown in a T-Junction

When a gas-liquid two-phase flow(GLTPF)enters a parallel separator through a T-junction,it generally splits unevenly.This phenomenon can seriously affect the operation efficiency and safety of the equipment located downstream.In order to investigate these aspects and,more specifically,the so-called bias phenomenon(all gas and liquid flowing to one pipe,while the other pipe is a liquid column that fluctuates up and down),laboratory experiments were carried out by using a T-junction connected to two parallel vertical pipes.Moreover,a GLTPF prediction model based on the principle of minimum potential energy was introduced.The research results indicate that this model can accurately predict the GLTPF state in parallel risers.The boundary of the slug flow and the churn flow in the opposite pipe can be predicted.Overall,according to the results,the pressure drop curves of the two-phase flow in the parallel risers are basically the same when there is no bias phenomenon,but the pressure drop in the parallel riser displays a large deviation when there is a slug flow-churn flow.Only when the parallel riser is in a state of asymmetric flow and one of the risers produces churn flow,the two-phase flow is prone to produce the bias phenomenon.

An improved effective liquid drop model for cluster radioactivity

The effective liquid drop model(ELDM)is improved by introducing an accurate nuclear charge radius formula and an analytic expression for assaulting frequency.Within the improved effective liquid drop model(IMELDM),the experimental cluster radioactivity half-lives of the trans-lead region are calculated.It is shown that the accuracy of the IMELDM is improved compared with that of the ELDM.At last,the cluster radioactivity half-lives that are experimentally unavailable for the trans-lead nuclei are predicted by the IMELDM.These predictions may be useful for searching for new candidates for cluster radioactivity in future experiments.

Gas hydrate saturation from NGHP 02 LWD data in the Mahanadi Basin

During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program(NGHP)Expedition 02,Logging-while-drilling(LWD)logs were acquired at three sites(NGHP-02-11,NGHP-02-12,and NGHP-02-13)across the Mahanadi Basin in area A.We applied rock physics theory to available sonic velocity logs to know the distribution of gas hydrate at site NGHP-02-11 and NGHP-02-13.Rock physics modeling using sonic velocity at well location shows that gas hydrate is distributed mainly within the depth intervals of 150-265 m and 100 -215 mbsf at site NGHP-02-11 and NGHP-02-13,respectively,with an average saturation of about 4%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 40%of the pore space at 250 m depth at site NGHP-02-11,and at site NGHP-02-13 an average saturation of about 2%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 20%of the pore space at 246 m depth,as gas hydrate is distributed mainly within 100-246 mbsf at this site.Saturation of gas hydrate estimated from the electrical resistivity method using density derived porosity and electrical resistivity logs from Archie's empirical formula shows high saturation compared to that from the sonic log.However,estimates of hydrate saturation based on sonic P-wave velocity may differ significantly from that based on resistivity,because gas and hydrate have higher resistivity than conductive pore fluid and sonic P-wave velocity shows strong effect on gas hydrate as a small amount of gas reduces the velocity significantly while increasing velocity due to the presence of hydrate.At site NGHP-02-11,gas hydrate saturation is in the range of 15%e30%,in two zones between 150-180 and 245-265 mbsf.Site NGHP-02-012 shows a gas hydrate saturation of 20%e30%in the zone between 100 and 207 mbsf.Site NGHP-02-13 shows a gas hydrate saturation up to 30%in the zone between 215 and 246 mbsf.Combined observations from rock physics modeling and Archie’s approximation show the gas hydrate concentrations are relatively low(<4%of the pore space)at the sites of the Mahanadi Basin in the turbidite channel system.

On capped Higgs positivity cone

The Wilson coefficients of the standard model effective field theory are subject to a series of positivity bounds.It has been shown that while the positivity part of the ultraviolet(UV)partial wave unitarity leads to the Wilson coefficients living in a convex cone,further including the nonpositivity part caps the cone from above.For Higgs scattering,a capped positivity cone was obtained using a simplified,linear unitarity condition without utilizing the full internal symmetries of Higgs scattering.Here,we further implement stronger nonlinear unitarity conditions from the UV,which generically gives rise to better bounds.We show that,for the Higgs case in particular,while the nonlinear unitarity conditions per se do not enhance the bounds,the fuller use of the internal symmetries do shrink the capped positivity cone significantly.

Does China's digital economy contribute to low-carbon transition?

The digital economy,as a new emerging economic form,has become an important power for realizing Chinese-style modernization and promoting green development in China.This paper measures the digital economy and low-carbon transition index based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020 and analyzes the mechanism and path of the digital economy affecting low-carbon transition using the fixed effect panel data model and the threshold effect model.It is found that,(1)The digital economy and low-carbon transition in China are various in different regions,with characteristics of being unbalanced and insufficient.(2)The digital economy significantly promotes low-carbon transition,with the greatest influence in the Central region,followed by the Eastern region and the Western region.Under different dimensions,the development of informatization and digital transactions promote low-carbon transition,but the development of the internet plays an inhibiting role.(3)The higher the degree of urbanization and environmental regulation,the greater the influence of the digital economy on low-carbon transition.

EMPIRICAL BAYES TEST PROBLEMS OF VARIANCE COMPONENTS IN RANDOM EFFECTS MODEL

Bayes decision rule of variance components for one-way random effects model is derived and empirical Bayes (EB) decision rules are constructed by kernel estimation method. Under suitable conditions, it is shown that the proposed EB decision rules are asymptotically optimal with convergence rates near O(n-1/2). Finally, an example concerning the main result is given.

Modelling Study to Compare the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Low-Power Hydrogen,Nitrogen and Argon Arc-Heated Thrusters

A modelling study is performed to compare the plasma flow and heat transfer characteristics of low-power arc-heated thrusters （arcjets） for three different propellants： hydrogen, nitrogen and argon. The all-speed SIMPLE algorithm is employed to solve the governing equations, which take into account the effects of compressibility, Lorentz force and Joule heating, as well as the temperature- and pressure-dependence of the gas properties. The temperature, velocity and Mach number distributions calculated within the thruster nozzle obtained with different propellant gases are compared for the same thruster structure, dimensions, inlet-gas stagnant pressure and arc currents. The temperature distributions in the solid region of the anode-nozzle wall are also given. It is found that the flow and energy conversion processes in the thruster nozzle show many similar features for all three propellants. For example, the propellant is heated mainly in the near-cathode and constrictor region, with the highest plasma temperature appearing near the cathode tip; the flow transition from the subsonic to supersonic regime occurs within the constrictor region; the highest axial velocity appears inside the nozzle; and most of the input propellant flows towards the thruster exit through the cooler gas region near the anode-nozzle wall. However, since the properties of hydrogen, nitrogen and argon, especially their molecular weights, specific enthMpies and thermal conductivities, are different, there are appreciable differences in arcjet performance. For example, compared to the other two propellants, the hydrogen arcjet thruster shows a higher plasma temperature in the arc region, and higher axial velocity but lower temperature at the thruster exit. Correspondingly, the hydrogen arcjet thruster has the highest specific impulse and arc voltage for the same inlet stagnant pressure and arc current. The predictions of the modelling are compared favourably with available experimental results.

Chemopreventive Effects of Black Tea Polyphenols in Mouse Skin Model of Carcinogenesis

In the present investigations, the antitumorigenic effect of black tea polyphenols (BTP) in twcrstage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was studied. The animals were initiated with a single 'subcarcinogenic' topical dose (52 μg/200 μl acetone ) of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). To evaluate the anti-tumour initiating activity, BTP was topically applied twice a week for three weeks prior to DMBA application, followed by topical treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (5 μg/200 μl acetone, 2x/wk. ) as promoter. For evaluation of antitumor promoting activity, BTP was applied prior to each treatment of TPA. BTP application showed marked inhibitory effect as antitumour initiator as well as antitumour promoter in mouse skin medel of two-stage carcinogenesis. Since initiation involves genetic pathway and tumour promotion involves epigenetic pathway, it seems that BTP exerts its antitumorigenic effect by altering both genetic and epigenetic pathways

A Study on The Multi-Antenna Geometrical Depolarization Channel Modeling

The traditional geometrical depolarization model that single transmitter to single receiver provides a simple method of polarization channel modeling. It can obtain the geometrical depolarization effect of each path if known the antenna configuration, the polarization field radiation pattern and the spatial distribution of scatters. With the development of communication technology, information transmission spectrum is more and more scarce. The original model provides only a single channel polarization state, so the information will be limited that the polarization state carries in the polarization modulation. The research is so significance that how to carries polarization modulation information by using multi-antenna polarization state. However, the present study shows that have no depolarization effect model for multi-antenna systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-antenna geometrical depolarization model. On the basis of a single antenna to calculate the depolarization effect of the model, and through simulation to analysis the main factors that influence the depolarization effect. This article provides a multi-antenna geometrical depolarization channel modeling that can applied to large-scale array antenna, and to some extent increase the speed of information transmission.

3-D modeling of rock burst in pillar No. 19 of Fetr6 chromite mine

Fetr6 is an underground mine in which chromite is extracted using stope and pillar mining method. Despite of all improving works such as roof supporting and replacing of ore pillars with concrete pillars, pillar No. 19 failed and other pillars failed progressively as a domino effect and 4000 m2 of mine collapsed within a few minutes, consequently. For detail investigation, two 3-D numerical models were developed by 3Dec. The first, a base model, was used for estimation of stress on pillars just before failure and the other for investigation of rock burst in pillar No. 19. The results show that discontinuity parameters such as friction angle and shear stiffness is critical parameters in this pillar failure. In addition, it indicates that W/H ratio equal 0.3, the lack of ore extraction strategy and inadequate roof support are the major reasons for this failure. In this paper, the procedure of study was described.

Effective electromechanical properties of cellular piezoelectret:A review

Due to the large quasi-piezoelectric d33 coefficient in the film thickness direction, cellular piezoelectret has emerged as a new kind of compliant electromechanical transducer materials. The macroscopic piezoelectric effect of cellular piezoelectret is closely related to the void microstructures as well as the material constants of host polymer. Complex void microstmctures are usually encountered in the optimum design of cellular piezoelectret polymer film with ad- vanced piezoelectric properties. Analysis of the effective electromechanical properties is generally needed. This article presents an overview of the recent progress on theoretical models and numerical simulation for the effective electromechanical properties of cellular piezoelectret. Emphasis is placed on our own works of cellular piezoelectret published in past several years.

Numerical analysis of submarine landslides using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics depth integral model

Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Currently, commercial calculation programs such as BING have limitations in simulating underwater soil movements. All of these processes can be consistently simulated through a smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） depth integrated model. The basis of the model is a control equation that was developed to take into account the effects of soil consolidation and erosion. In this work, the frictional rheological mode has been used to perform a simulation study of submarine landslides. Time-history curves of the sliding body＇s velocity, height,and length under various conditions of water depth, slope gradient, contact friction coefficient, and erosion rate are compared; the maximum sliding distance and velocity are calculated; and patterns of variation are discussed.The findings of this study can provide a reference for disaster warnings and pipeline route selection.

Effects of Three Typical Resistivity Models on Pulsed Inductive Plasma Acceleration Modeling

The effects of three different typical resistivity models（Spitzer, Z＆L and M＆G） on the performance of pulsed inductive acceleration plasma are studied. Numerical results show that their influences decrease with the increase of the plasma temperature. The significant discriminations among them appear at the plasma temperature lower than 2.5 eV, and the maximum gap of the pulsed inductive plasma accelerated efficiency is approximately 2.5%.Moreover, the pulsed inductive plasma accelerated efficiency is absolutely related to the dynamic impedance parameters, such as voltage, inductance, capacitance and flow rate. However, the distribution of the efficiency as a function of plasma temperature with three resistivity models has nothing to do with the dynamic impedance parameter.

Thermal conductivity modeling of water containing metal oxide nanoparticles

The nano particles have demonstrated great potential to improve the heat transfer characteristics of heat transfer fluids.Possible parameters responsible for this increase were studied. The heat transfer profile in the nanolayer region was combined with other parameters such as volume fraction, particle radius thermal conductivity of the fluid, particle and nanolayer, to formulate a thermal conductivity model. Results predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using the model were compared with experimental results as well as studies by other researchers. The comparison of the results obtained for the Cu O/water and Ti O2/water nanofluids studied shows that the correlation proposed is in closest proximity in predicting the experimental results for the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid. Also, a parametric study was performed to understand how a number of factors affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using the developed correlation.