This research scrutinize how the Chinese system applied to reduces cost effectiveness in order to curves housing affordability for the purpose of land prices for the social housing popularly known as low cost social h...This research scrutinize how the Chinese system applied to reduces cost effectiveness in order to curves housing affordability for the purpose of land prices for the social housing popularly known as low cost social housing schemes as the government took measures throughout the years, however the paper describes the key characteristics of Chinese urban planning and design system, subsidies to social rented housing producers are being cut and equates this with practice within Chinese spectrum. The paper describes the key characteristics of the national planning, as per the recent trends housing policy on-affordability, this planning system assists overall housing requirements and how it has been adapted. It explains the new arrangements the government has put into place to lower land prices for social housing and argues that this represents provide and expand the supply of good quality housing units;make housing more affordable and readily available;promote economic diversity in residential neighborhood;help households build wealth;and promote balanced metropolitan growth.展开更多
Entrepreneurial resource combination is widely recognized as a key enabling factor to a new venture＇s survival and growth, but how and why resources are integrated remain elusive. Borrowing from the theory of resourc...Entrepreneurial resource combination is widely recognized as a key enabling factor to a new venture＇s survival and growth, but how and why resources are integrated remain elusive. Borrowing from the theory of resource combination proposed by Sirmon, Hitt and Ireland （2007）, this study empirically examines how environmental uncertainty impacts entrepreneurial resource combination. We also examine the mediating effect of effectual flexibility on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and entrepreneurial resource combination to see how new ventures utilize flexibility to neutralize the threat of environmental uncertainty. The moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is also examined to see how entrepreneurs＇ self-cognition affects these relationships. Examining data from 287 new ventures, we find that both environmental dynamism and environmental hostility have significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial resource combination （including entrepreneurial resource cohesion and entrepreneurial resource coupling）. We also find that flexibility mediates the relationship between environmental uncertainty （including environmental dynamism and environmental hostility） and entrepreneurial resource combination. Empirical studies also show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively moderates the relationship between environmental dynamism and flexibility but negatively moderates the relationship between environmental hostility and flexibility. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.展开更多
Random error of grinding process is central factor th at give an effect on grinding quality all through. Optimum methods are usually a pplied on grinding process for higher productivity and preferable grinding quali t...Random error of grinding process is central factor th at give an effect on grinding quality all through. Optimum methods are usually a pplied on grinding process for higher productivity and preferable grinding quali ty. But the grinding quality can’t be reliably controlled now and then while opt imal solution of grinding processing parameters have been applied in production, because of two involved aspects which are availability of established empirical formulas and reliability of setting up optimum mathematical model. That is to s ay, there is particular application of optimum methods in grinding process. This paper discussed that how to confirm conditions of grinding test which be po int to grinding peculiarity when test design and regression analysis are used to setting up some empirical formulas. In order to reduce effect of random errors on precision of the empirical formulas and enable them to be applied widely, a m ethod that a lot of random error can be sufficiently contained in grinding test was suggested. And then, A means to ameliorate restriction formulas of grinding quality is expounded based on marked level of the empirical formulas and improve d reliability of optimum mathematical model is given, which offer an effectual w ay for solving grinding quality out of control as a result of random error and w orkable optimal solution of grinding processing parameters can be applied in the production really. Finally, an example is presented.展开更多
Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handednes...Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handedness.Herein, a strategy to independently and arbitrarily manipulate the EM wave with orthogonal circular polarizations based on a metasurface is proposed, which effectually breaks through traditional symmetrical characteristics between orthogonal handedness. By synthesizing the propagation phase and geometric phase, the appropriate Jones matrix is calculated to obtain independent wavefront manipulation of EM waves with opposite circular polarizations. Two transmissive ultra-thin meta-deflectors are proposed to demonstrate the asymmetrical refraction of transmitted circularly polarized waves in the microwave region. Simulated transmitted phase front and measured far-field intensity distributions are in excellent agreement, indicating that the transmitted wave with different polarizations can be refracted into arbitrary and independent directions within a wide frequency band(relative bandwidth of 25%). The results presented in this paper provide more freedom for the manipulation of EM waves, and motivate the realizations of various polarization-independent properties for all frequency spectra.展开更多
文摘This research scrutinize how the Chinese system applied to reduces cost effectiveness in order to curves housing affordability for the purpose of land prices for the social housing popularly known as low cost social housing schemes as the government took measures throughout the years, however the paper describes the key characteristics of Chinese urban planning and design system, subsidies to social rented housing producers are being cut and equates this with practice within Chinese spectrum. The paper describes the key characteristics of the national planning, as per the recent trends housing policy on-affordability, this planning system assists overall housing requirements and how it has been adapted. It explains the new arrangements the government has put into place to lower land prices for social housing and argues that this represents provide and expand the supply of good quality housing units;make housing more affordable and readily available;promote economic diversity in residential neighborhood;help households build wealth;and promote balanced metropolitan growth.
文摘Entrepreneurial resource combination is widely recognized as a key enabling factor to a new venture＇s survival and growth, but how and why resources are integrated remain elusive. Borrowing from the theory of resource combination proposed by Sirmon, Hitt and Ireland （2007）, this study empirically examines how environmental uncertainty impacts entrepreneurial resource combination. We also examine the mediating effect of effectual flexibility on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and entrepreneurial resource combination to see how new ventures utilize flexibility to neutralize the threat of environmental uncertainty. The moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is also examined to see how entrepreneurs＇ self-cognition affects these relationships. Examining data from 287 new ventures, we find that both environmental dynamism and environmental hostility have significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial resource combination （including entrepreneurial resource cohesion and entrepreneurial resource coupling）. We also find that flexibility mediates the relationship between environmental uncertainty （including environmental dynamism and environmental hostility） and entrepreneurial resource combination. Empirical studies also show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively moderates the relationship between environmental dynamism and flexibility but negatively moderates the relationship between environmental hostility and flexibility. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
文摘Random error of grinding process is central factor th at give an effect on grinding quality all through. Optimum methods are usually a pplied on grinding process for higher productivity and preferable grinding quali ty. But the grinding quality can’t be reliably controlled now and then while opt imal solution of grinding processing parameters have been applied in production, because of two involved aspects which are availability of established empirical formulas and reliability of setting up optimum mathematical model. That is to s ay, there is particular application of optimum methods in grinding process. This paper discussed that how to confirm conditions of grinding test which be po int to grinding peculiarity when test design and regression analysis are used to setting up some empirical formulas. In order to reduce effect of random errors on precision of the empirical formulas and enable them to be applied widely, a m ethod that a lot of random error can be sufficiently contained in grinding test was suggested. And then, A means to ameliorate restriction formulas of grinding quality is expounded based on marked level of the empirical formulas and improve d reliability of optimum mathematical model is given, which offer an effectual w ay for solving grinding quality out of control as a result of random error and w orkable optimal solution of grinding processing parameters can be applied in the production really. Finally, an example is presented.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61771172,61571155,61401122)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves(K201828)
文摘Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handedness.Herein, a strategy to independently and arbitrarily manipulate the EM wave with orthogonal circular polarizations based on a metasurface is proposed, which effectually breaks through traditional symmetrical characteristics between orthogonal handedness. By synthesizing the propagation phase and geometric phase, the appropriate Jones matrix is calculated to obtain independent wavefront manipulation of EM waves with opposite circular polarizations. Two transmissive ultra-thin meta-deflectors are proposed to demonstrate the asymmetrical refraction of transmitted circularly polarized waves in the microwave region. Simulated transmitted phase front and measured far-field intensity distributions are in excellent agreement, indicating that the transmitted wave with different polarizations can be refracted into arbitrary and independent directions within a wide frequency band(relative bandwidth of 25%). The results presented in this paper provide more freedom for the manipulation of EM waves, and motivate the realizations of various polarization-independent properties for all frequency spectra.
