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Establishment of NaLuF_(4):15%Tb-based low dose X-PDT agent and its application on efficient antitumor therapy
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作者 Yi Tian Zhiguang Fu +7 位作者 Xiaosheng Zhu Chunjing Zhan Jinwei Hu Li Fan Chaojun Song Qian Yang Yu Wang Mei Shi 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期599-610,共12页
X-ray excited photodynamic therapy(X-PDT)is the bravo answer of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for deep-seated tumors,as it employs X-ray as the irradiation source to overcome the limitation of light penetration depth.Howev... X-ray excited photodynamic therapy(X-PDT)is the bravo answer of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for deep-seated tumors,as it employs X-ray as the irradiation source to overcome the limitation of light penetration depth.However,high X-ray irradiation dose caused organ lesions and side effects became the major barrier to X-PDT application.To address this issue,this work employed a classic-al co-precipitation reaction to synthesize NaLuF_(4):15%Tb^(3+)(NLF)with an average particle size of(23.48±0.91)nm,which was then coupled with the photosensitizer merocyanine 540(MC540)to form the X-PDT system NLF-MC540 with high production of singlet oxygen.The system could induce antitumor efficacy to about 24%in relative low dose X-ray irradiation range(0.1-0.3 Gy).In vivo,when NLF-MC540 irradiated by 0.1 Gy X-ray,the tumor inhibition percentage reached 89.5%±5.7%.The therapeutic mechanism of low dose X-PDT was found.A significant increase of neutrophils in serum was found on the third day after X-PDT.By immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections,the Ly6G^(+),CD8^(+),and CD11c^(+)cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment were studied.Utilizing the bilat-eral tumor model,the NLF-MC540 with 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation could inhibit both the primary tumor and the distant tumor growth.De-tected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),two cytokines IFN-γand TNF-αin serum were upregulated 7 and 6 times than negative control,respectively.Detected by enzyme linked immune spot assay(ELISPOT),the number of immune cells attributable to the IFN-γand TNF-αlevels in the group of low dose X-PDT were 14 and 6 times greater than that in the negative control group,respectively.Thus,it conclude that low dose X-PDT system could successfully upregulate the levels of immune cells,stimulate the secretion of cy-tokines(especially IFN-γand TNF-α),activate antitumor immunity,and finally inhibit colon tumor growth. 展开更多
关键词 X-ray excited photodynamic therapy singlet oxygen low dose X-Ray irradiation efficient antitumor therapy anti-tumor immunity
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Low rank optimization for efficient deep learning:making a balance between compact architecture and fast training
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作者 OU Xinwei CHEN Zhangxin +1 位作者 ZHU Ce LIU Yipeng 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期509-531,F0002,共24页
Deep neural networks(DNNs)have achieved great success in many data processing applications.However,high computational complexity and storage cost make deep learning difficult to be used on resource-constrained devices... Deep neural networks(DNNs)have achieved great success in many data processing applications.However,high computational complexity and storage cost make deep learning difficult to be used on resource-constrained devices,and it is not environmental-friendly with much power cost.In this paper,we focus on low-rank optimization for efficient deep learning techniques.In the space domain,DNNs are compressed by low rank approximation of the network parameters,which directly reduces the storage requirement with a smaller number of network parameters.In the time domain,the network parameters can be trained in a few subspaces,which enables efficient training for fast convergence.The model compression in the spatial domain is summarized into three categories as pre-train,pre-set,and compression-aware methods,respectively.With a series of integrable techniques discussed,such as sparse pruning,quantization,and entropy coding,we can ensemble them in an integration framework with lower computational complexity and storage.In addition to summary of recent technical advances,we have two findings for motivating future works.One is that the effective rank,derived from the Shannon entropy of the normalized singular values,outperforms other conventional sparse measures such as the?_1 norm for network compression.The other is a spatial and temporal balance for tensorized neural networks.For accelerating the training of tensorized neural networks,it is crucial to leverage redundancy for both model compression and subspace training. 展开更多
关键词 model compression subspace training effective rank low rank tensor optimization efficient deep learning
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Stroke Electroencephalogram Data Synthesizing through Progressive Efficient Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Network
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作者 Suzhe Wang Xueying Zhang +1 位作者 Fenglian Li Zelin Wu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期1177-1196,共20页
Early and timely diagnosis of stroke is critical for effective treatment,and the electroencephalogram(EEG)offers a low-cost,non-invasive solution.However,the shortage of high-quality patient EEG data often hampers the... Early and timely diagnosis of stroke is critical for effective treatment,and the electroencephalogram(EEG)offers a low-cost,non-invasive solution.However,the shortage of high-quality patient EEG data often hampers the accuracy of diagnostic classification methods based on deep learning.To address this issue,our study designed a deep data amplification model named Progressive Conditional Generative Adversarial Network with Efficient Approximating Self Attention(PCGAN-EASA),which incrementally improves the quality of generated EEG features.This network can yield full-scale,fine-grained EEG features from the low-scale,coarse ones.Specially,to overcome the limitations of traditional generative models that fail to generate features tailored to individual patient characteristics,we developed an encoder with an effective approximating self-attention mechanism.This encoder not only automatically extracts relevant features across different patients but also reduces the computational resource consumption.Furthermore,the adversarial loss and reconstruction loss functions were redesigned to better align with the training characteristics of the network and the spatial correlations among electrodes.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that PCGAN-EASA provides the highest generation quality and the lowest computational resource usage compared to several existing approaches.Additionally,it significantly improves the accuracy of subsequent stroke classification tasks. 展开更多
关键词 Data augmentation stroke electroencephalogram features generative adversarial network efficient approximating self-attention
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Efficient stabilization of dredged sludge with high water content using an improved bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement method
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作者 Rui Wang Chaosheng Tang +4 位作者 Xiaohua Pan Dianlong Wang Zhihao Dong Xiying Zhang Xiancai Lu 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第9期3760-3771,共12页
This study proposed an improved bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement(RMC)method for dredged sludge stabilization using the urea pre-hydrolysis strategy.Based on unconfined compression strength(UCS),pickling-dra... This study proposed an improved bio-carbonation of reactive magnesia cement(RMC)method for dredged sludge stabilization using the urea pre-hydrolysis strategy.Based on unconfined compression strength(UCS),pickling-drainage,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests,the effects of prehydrolysis duration(T),urease activity(UA)and curing age(CA)on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of bio-carbonized samples were systematically investigated and analyzed.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could significantly enhance urea hydrolysis and RMC bio-carbonation to achieve efficient stabilization of dredged sludge with 80%high water content.A significant strength increment of up to about 1063.36 kPa was obtained for the bio-carbonized samples after just 7 d of curing,which was 2.64 times higher than that of the 28-day cured ordinary Portland cement-reinforced samples.Both elevated T and UA could notably increase urea utilization ratio and carbonate ion yield,but the resulting surge in supersaturation also affected the precipitation patterns of hydrated magnesia carbonates(HMCs),which weakened the cementation effect of HMCs on soil particles and further inhibited strength enhancement of bio-carbonized samples.The optimum formula was determined to be the case of T?24 h and UA?10 U/mL for dredged sludge stabilization.A 7-day CA was enough for bio-carbonized samples to obtain stable strength,albeit slightly affected by UA.The benefits of high efficiency and water stability presented the potential of this method in achieving dredged sludge stabilization and resource utilization.This investigation provides informative ideas and valuable insights on implementing advanced bio-geotechnical techniques to achieve efficient stabilization of soft soil,such as dredged sludge. 展开更多
关键词 Reactive magnesia cement(RMC)biocarbonation Urea pre-hydrolysis Dredged sludge efficient stabilization Unconfined compressive strength Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)
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"Three-in-One" Ecological Development and Efficient Utilization Model of Aggregates
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作者 Yunkai FAN Shichang XU +2 位作者 Qiangjie HUANG Yiyuan LU Ziyi WEI 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第6期13-18,共6页
Green mining and the formation of an effective and efficient development model have become key issues that aggregates enterprises around the world need to solve urgently.On the basis of analyzing the development statu... Green mining and the formation of an effective and efficient development model have become key issues that aggregates enterprises around the world need to solve urgently.On the basis of analyzing the development status of aggregates industry in Xiluodu area,the paper studied the main problems faced in the construction of green aggregates mines at present,and proposed a"three-in-one"ecological,intelligent and efficient green mine construction model for"ecological development","green logistics"and"solid waste recycling"of aggregates.The study has certain theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of green aggregates mine in Xiluodu area. 展开更多
关键词 AGGREGATES ECOLOGICAL development efficient UTILIZATION
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Increasing realism in modelling energy losses in railway vehicles and their impact to energy-efficient train control
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作者 Michael Nold Francesco Corman 《Railway Engineering Science》 EI 2024年第3期257-285,共29页
The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway system.Energy-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruisi... The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway system.Energy-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruising speed to hold,how long one should coast over a suitable space,and when to brake.Most approaches in literature and industry greatly simplify a lot of nonlinear effects,such that they ignore mostly the losses due to energy conversion in traction components and auxiliaries.To fill this research gap,a series of increasingly detailed nonlinear losses is described and modelled.We categorize an increasing detail in this representation as four levels.We study the impact of those levels of detail on the energy optimal speed trajectory.To do this,a standard approach based on dynamic programming is used,given constraints on total travel time.This evaluation of multiple test cases highlights the influence of the dynamic losses and the power consumption of auxiliary components on railway trajectories,also compared to multiple benchmarks.The results show how the losses can make up 50%of the total energy consumption for an exemplary trip.Ignoring them would though result in consistent but limited errors in the optimal trajectory.Overall,more complex trajectories can result in less energy consumption when including the complexity of nonlinear losses than when a simpler model is considered.Those effects are stronger when the trajectory includes many acceleration and braking phases. 展开更多
关键词 Train trajectory optimization Energy-efficient train control(EETC) Dynamic efficiency Power losses in railway vehicles
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Low-Cost Insulation for Energy Efficient Buildings in Terai Region of Nepal
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作者 Abhishek Karn 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2024年第1期38-50,共13页
There is a huge amount of energy savings potential in public building sector that has yet to be realized.By prioritizing energy efficiency in its own buildings and thus promoting the development of required knowledge ... There is a huge amount of energy savings potential in public building sector that has yet to be realized.By prioritizing energy efficiency in its own buildings and thus promoting the development of required knowledge in terms of new technology and construction methods,the public sector will lead the way in efforts to increase the rate of renovations.The low-cost insulation strategies and a comparison of cost with existing insulation materials has been described in this study.We have repeatedly faced energy crises and will continue to do so in the future if appropriate action is not taken in a timely manner.Properly implementing energy-saving initiatives in for achieving thermal comfort in buildings as well as reducing the energy costs would undoubtedly inspire the residential sector,resulting in significant reductions in energy usage.Simulations were carried out to study insulation layers on various building components like exterior walls,floor and roofs,generating different scenarios for a building as a base model,which were then compared and analysed to verify the literature used to develop the cases.The proposed recommendations,which have been validated,are certain to increase building energy efficiency,achieve thermal comfort in low cost than what is currently being used. 展开更多
关键词 BUILDINGS ENERGY energy efficient thermal comfort
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An Efficient and Lightweight YOLOv8s Strawberry Maturity Detection Model
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作者 Yiming Cheng Guohao Feng Chunchang Zhang 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2024年第2期46-66,共21页
The manual picking of strawberries is inefficient and costly,limiting scalability and economic benefits.Mechanizing this process reduces labor demands,improves working conditions,and modernizes the strawberry industry... The manual picking of strawberries is inefficient and costly,limiting scalability and economic benefits.Mechanizing this process reduces labor demands,improves working conditions,and modernizes the strawberry industry.Target detection technology,crucial for mechanized picking,must accurately determine strawberry maturity.This study presents an enhanced YOLOv8s model addressing current machine learning issues like accuracy,parameters,and complexity.The improved model replaces the Bottleneck structure in C2f with the FasterNet network,integrates an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism,and uses the Ghost module in the backbone to reduce computational load while maintaining performance.It also introduces Wise-IoU for bounding box regression loss,improving recognition accuracy.The YOLOv8s-FEGW model achieves a 93.8%mAP in detecting strawberry ripeness,with significant reductions in parameters(36.8%),complexity(34.6%),and model size(37.7%),alongside a 12.7% Frames Per Second(FPS)boost.These enhancements result in excellent detection capabilities,supporting agricultural automation and intelligence. 展开更多
关键词 Automation equipment artificial intelligence efficient and lightweight YOLOv8s
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Novel interface engineering of LDH-based materials on Mg alloy for efficient photocatalytic systems considering the geometrical linearity of condensed phosphates 被引量:3
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作者 Mosab Kaseem Ananda Repycha Safira Arash Fattah-alhosseini 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期267-280,共14页
This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'g... This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'geometric linearity on their photocatalytic properties.Herein,the Mg O film,obtained by plasma electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloys,was modified by growing an LDH film,which was further functionalized using cyclic sodium hexametaphosphate(CP)and linear sodium tripolyphosphate(LP).CP acted as an enhancer for flake spacing within the LDH structure,while LP changed flake dispersion and orientation.Consequently,CP@LDH demonstrated exceptional efficiency in heterogeneous photocatalysis,effectively degrading organic dyes like Methylene blue(MB),Congo red(CR),and Methyl orange(MO).The unique cyclic structure of CP likely enhances surface reactions and improves the catalyst's interaction with dye molecules.Furthermore,the condensed phosphate structure contributes to a higher surface area and reactivity in CP@LDH,leading to its superior photocatalytic performance compared to LP@LDH.Specifically,LP@LDH demonstrated notable degradation efficiencies of 93.02%,92.89%,and 88.81%for MB,MO,and CR respectively,over a 40 min duration.The highest degradation efficiencies were observed in the case of the CP@LDH sample,reporting 99.99%for MB,98.88%for CR,and 99.70%for MO.This underscores the potential of CP@LDH as a highly effective photocatalyst for organic dye degradation,offering promising prospects for environmental remediation and water detoxification applications. 展开更多
关键词 Plasma electrolysis Layered Double Hydroxide Condensed phosphates Adsorption capacity Photocatalytic efficiency
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Potassium doping for grain boundary passivation and defect suppression enables highly-efficient kesterite solar cells
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作者 Yingfen Li Zhiqi Wang +6 位作者 Yunhai Zhao Dajun Luo Xueliang Zhang Jun Zhao Zhenghua Su Shuo Chen Guangxing Liang 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第11期565-570,共6页
The complicated and diverse deep defects,voids,and grain boundary in the CZTSSe absorber are the main reasons for carrier recombination and efficiency degradation.The further improvement of the open-circuit voltage an... The complicated and diverse deep defects,voids,and grain boundary in the CZTSSe absorber are the main reasons for carrier recombination and efficiency degradation.The further improvement of the open-circuit voltage and fill factor so as to increase the efficiency of CZTSSe device is urgent.In this work,we obtained K-doped CZTSSe absorber by a simple solution method.The medium-sized K atoms,which combine the advantages of light and heavy alkali metals,are able to enter the grain interior as well as segregate at grain boundary.The K-Se liquid phase can improve the absorber crystallinity.We find that the accumulation of the wide bandgap compound K_(2)Sn_(2)S_(5)at grain boundary can increase the contact potential difference of grain boundary,form more effective hole barriers,and enhance the charge separation ability.At the same time,K doping passivates the interface as well as bulk defects and suppresses the non-radiative recombination.The improved crystallinity,enhanced charge transport capability and reduced defect density due to K doping result in a significant enhancement of the carrier lifetime,leading to 13.04%device efficiency.This study provides a new idea for simultaneous realization of grain boundary passivation and defect suppression in inorganic kesterite solar cells. 展开更多
关键词 KESTERITE Solar cell Chemical doping DEFECT Efficiency
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Facile preparation and efficient MnxCoy porous nanosheets for the sustainable catalytic process of soot
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作者 Miaomiao Hu Kun Zhou +8 位作者 Tingyi Zhao Zheng Li Xianhai Zeng Di Yu Xuehua Yu Mingqin Zhao Zhihui Shao Qixiang Xu Bing Cui 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期516-528,共13页
The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of M... The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of Mn_(x)Co_(y) oxides were synthesized using MgO template substitution.This method greatly improves the preparation and catalytic efficiency and is more in line with the current theme of green catalysts and sustainable development. The resulting Mn_(1)Co_(2.3) has a strong activation capability of gaseous oxygen due to a high concentration of Co^(3+) and Mn^(3+). The Mn doping enhanced the intrinsic activity by prompting oxygen vacancy formation and gaseous oxygen adsorption. The nanosheet morphology with abundant mesoporous significantly increased the solid–solid contact efficiency and improved the adsorption capability of gaseous reactants. The novel design of Mn_(1)Co_(2.3)oxide enhanced its catalytic performance through a synergistic effect of Mn doping and the porous nanosheet morphology, showing significant potential for the preparation of high-performance soot combustion catalysts. 展开更多
关键词 Soot combustion Intrinsic activity Contact efficiency Mn doping DFT
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Efficient cache replacement framework based on access hotness for spacecraft processors
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作者 GAO Xin NIAN Jiawei +1 位作者 LIU Hongjin YANG Mengfei 《中国空间科学技术(中英文)》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期74-88,共15页
A notable portion of cachelines in real-world workloads exhibits inner non-uniform access behaviors.However,modern cache management rarely considers this fine-grained feature,which impacts the effective cache capacity... A notable portion of cachelines in real-world workloads exhibits inner non-uniform access behaviors.However,modern cache management rarely considers this fine-grained feature,which impacts the effective cache capacity of contemporary high-performance spacecraft processors.To harness these non-uniform access behaviors,an efficient cache replacement framework featuring an auxiliary cache specifically designed to retain evicted hot data was proposed.This framework reconstructs the cache replacement policy,facilitating data migration between the main cache and the auxiliary cache.Unlike traditional cacheline-granularity policies,the approach excels at identifying and evicting infrequently used data,thereby optimizing cache utilization.The evaluation shows impressive performance improvement,especially on workloads with irregular access patterns.Benefiting from fine granularity,the proposal achieves superior storage efficiency compared with commonly used cache management schemes,providing a potential optimization opportunity for modern resource-constrained processors,such as spacecraft processors.Furthermore,the framework complements existing modern cache replacement policies and can be seamlessly integrated with minimal modifications,enhancing their overall efficacy. 展开更多
关键词 spacecraft processors cache management replacement policy storage efficiency memory hierarchy MICROARCHITECTURE
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A Traffic-Aware and Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for IoT-Assisted WSNs
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作者 Hina Gul Sana Ullah +1 位作者 Ki-Il Kim Farman Ali 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第8期1831-1850,共20页
The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications,such as remote health monitoring,industria... The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications,such as remote health monitoring,industrial monitoring,transportation,and smart agriculture.Efficient and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of nodes.This paper presents a traffic-aware,cluster-based,and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such networks.The proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super and normal nodes based on their residual energies.The protocol considers multi-criteria attributes,i.e.,energy,traffic load,and distance parameters to select the next hop for data delivery towards the base station.The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated through the network simulator NS3.40.For different traffic rates,number of nodes,and different packet sizes,the proposed protocol outperformed LoRaWAN in terms of end-to-end packet delivery ratio,energy consumption,end-to-end delay,and network lifetime.For 100 nodes,the proposed protocol achieved a 13%improvement in packet delivery ratio,10 ms improvement in delay,and 10 mJ improvement in average energy consumption over LoRaWAN. 展开更多
关键词 Internet of Things wireless sensor networks traffic load CLUSTERING ROUTING energy efficiency
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Fast,simple,efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation system to non-heading Chinese cabbage with transgenic roots
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作者 Huiyu Wang Yushan Zheng +3 位作者 Qian Zhou Ying Li Tongkun Liu Xilin Hou 《Horticultural Plant Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期450-460,共11页
Non-heading Chinese cabbage, a variety of Brassica campestris, is an important vegetable crop in the Yangtze River Basin of China. However,the immaturity of its stable transformation system and its low transformation ... Non-heading Chinese cabbage, a variety of Brassica campestris, is an important vegetable crop in the Yangtze River Basin of China. However,the immaturity of its stable transformation system and its low transformation efficiency limit gene function research on non-heading Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated(ARM) transgenic technology is a rapid and effective transformation method that has not yet been established for non-heading Chinese cabbage plants. Here, we optimized conventional ARM approaches(one-step and two-step transformation methods) suitable for living non-heading Chinese cabbage plants in nonsterile environments. Transgenic roots in composite non-heading Chinese cabbage plants were identified using phenotypic detection, fluorescence observation, and PCR analysis. The transformation efficiency of a two-step method on four five-day-old non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings(Suzhouqing, Huangmeigui, Wuyueman, and Sijiu Caixin) was 43.33%-51.09%, whereas using the stout hypocotyl resulted in a transformation efficiency of 54.88% for the 30-day-old Sijiu Caixin.The one-step method outperformed the two-step method;the transformation efficiency of different varieties was above 60%, and both methods can be used to obtain transgenic roots for functional studies within one month. Finally, optimized ARM transformation methods can easily,quickly, and effectively produce composite non-heading Chinese cabbage plants with transgenic roots, providing a reliable foundation for gene function research and non-heading Chinese cabbage genetic improvement breeding. 展开更多
关键词 Agrobacterium rhizogenes Non-heading Chinese cabbage Transgenic roots Composite plant Transformation efficiency
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An efficient and universal protoplast-based transient gene expression system for genome editing in Brassica crops
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作者 Xiaoxiao Yu Jintai Yu +6 位作者 Yin Lu Wenjing Li Guanzhong Huo Jun Zhang Yan Li Jianjun Zhao Jun Li 《Horticultural Plant Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期983-994,共12页
Protoplast-based transient gene expression system has been widely used in plant genome editing because of its simple operation and less time-consuming.In order to establish a universal protoplast-based transient trans... Protoplast-based transient gene expression system has been widely used in plant genome editing because of its simple operation and less time-consuming.In order to establish a universal protoplast-based transient transfection system for verifying activities of genome editing vectors containing targets in Brassica,we systematically optimized factors affecting protoplast isolation and transient gene expression.We established an efficient protoplast-based transient gene expression system(PTGE)in Chinese cabbage,achieving high protoplast yield of 4.9×10^(5)·g^(-1)FW,viability over 95%,and transfection efficiency of 76%.We showed for the first time that pretreatment of protoplasts with a hypotonic MMG could significantly enhance the transfection efficiency.Furthermore,protoplasts incubated at 37℃ for 6 min improved the transfection efficiency to 86%.We also demonstrated that PTGE worked well(more than 50%transfection efficiency)in multiple Brassica species including cabbage,Pak Choi,Chinese kale,and turnip.Finally,PTGE was used for validating the activities of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors containing targets in Chinese cabbage,cabbage,and pak choi,demonstrating the broad applicability of the established PTGE for genome editing in Brassica crops. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese cabbage PTGE Transfection efficiency CRISPR/Cas9
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Energy-Efficient Traffic Offloading for RSMA-Based Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning
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作者 Qingmiao Zhang Lidong Zhu +1 位作者 Yanyan Chen Shan Jiang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期49-58,共10页
As the demands of massive connections and vast coverage rapidly grow in the next wireless communication networks, rate splitting multiple access(RSMA) is considered to be the new promising access scheme since it can p... As the demands of massive connections and vast coverage rapidly grow in the next wireless communication networks, rate splitting multiple access(RSMA) is considered to be the new promising access scheme since it can provide higher efficiency with limited spectrum resources. In this paper, combining spectrum splitting with rate splitting, we propose to allocate resources with traffic offloading in hybrid satellite terrestrial networks. A novel deep reinforcement learning method is adopted to solve this challenging non-convex problem. However, the neverending learning process could prohibit its practical implementation. Therefore, we introduce the switch mechanism to avoid unnecessary learning. Additionally, the QoS constraint in the scheme can rule out unsuccessful transmission. The simulation results validates the energy efficiency performance and the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 deep reinforcement learning energy efficiency hybrid satellite terrestrial networks rate splitting multiple access traffic offloading
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Priority Based Energy Efficient MAC Protocol by Varying Data Ratefor Wireless Body Area Network
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作者 R.Sangeetha Usha Devi Gandhi 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 2024年第2期395-411,共17页
Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor ... Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so on.They sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)Coordinator.The main challenge for the WBAN is energy consumption.These issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network lifetime.The purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 standard.In our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the data.We gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy efficiency.The proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node similarity.As an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data Rates(MVDR).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDR performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio. 展开更多
关键词 Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) IEEE 802.15.4 energy efficiency MAC protocol ZIGBEE
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A More Efficient Approach for Remote Sensing Image Classification
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作者 Huaxiang Song 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第3期5741-5756,共16页
Over the past decade,the significant growth of the convolutional neural network(CNN)based on deep learning(DL)approaches has greatly improved the machine learning(ML)algorithm’s performance on the semantic scene clas... Over the past decade,the significant growth of the convolutional neural network(CNN)based on deep learning(DL)approaches has greatly improved the machine learning(ML)algorithm’s performance on the semantic scene classification(SSC)of remote sensing images(RSI).However,the unbalanced attention to classification accuracy and efficiency has made the superiority of DL-based algorithms,e.g.,automation and simplicity,partially lost.Traditional ML strategies(e.g.,the handcrafted features or indicators)and accuracy-aimed strategies with a high trade-off(e.g.,the multi-stage CNNs and ensemble of multi-CNNs)are widely used without any training efficiency optimization involved,which may result in suboptimal performance.To address this problem,we propose a fast and simple training CNN framework(named FST-EfficientNet)for RSI-SSC based on an EfficientNetversion2 small(EfficientNetV2-S)CNN model.The whole algorithm flow is completely one-stage and end-to-end without any handcrafted features or discriminators introduced.In the implementation of training efficiency optimization,only several routine data augmentation tricks coupled with a fixed ratio of resolution or a gradually increasing resolution strategy are employed,so that the algorithm’s trade-off is very cheap.The performance evaluation shows that our FST-EfficientNet achieves new state-of-the-art(SOTA)records in the overall accuracy(OA)with about 0.8%to 2.7%ahead of all earlier methods on the Aerial Image Dataset(AID)and Northwestern Poly-technical University Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification 45 Dataset(NWPU-RESISC45D).Meanwhile,the results also demonstrate the importance and indispensability of training efficiency optimization strategies for RSI-SSC by DL.In fact,it is not necessary to gain better classification accuracy by completely relying on an excessive trade-off without efficiency.Ultimately,these findings are expected to contribute to the development of more efficient CNN-based approaches in RSI-SSC. 展开更多
关键词 FST-efficientNet efficient approach scene classification remote sensing deep learning
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Porous heterostructure of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide generation 被引量:2
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作者 Mengmeng Fan Zeming Wang +10 位作者 Yuying Zhao Qixin Yuan Jian Cui Jithu Raj Kang Sun Ao Wang Jingjie Wu Hao Sun Bei Li Liang Wang Jianchun Jiang 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第5期138-151,共14页
Compared with the traditional heteroatom doping,employing heterostructure is a new modulating approach for carbon-based electrocatalysts.Herein,a facile ball milling-assisted route is proposed to synthesize porous car... Compared with the traditional heteroatom doping,employing heterostructure is a new modulating approach for carbon-based electrocatalysts.Herein,a facile ball milling-assisted route is proposed to synthesize porous carbon materials composed of abundant graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(G/h-BN)heterostructures.Metal Ni powder and nanoscale h-BN sheets are used as a catalytic substrate/hard template and“nucleation seed”for the formation of the heterostructure,respectively.As-prepared G/h-BN heterostructures exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward H_(2)O_(2) generation with 86%-95%selectivity at the range of 0.45-0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and a positive onset potential of 0.79 versus RHE(defined at a ring current density of 0.3 mA cm^(-2))in the alkaline solution.In a flow cell,G/h-BN heterostructured electrocatalyst has a H_(2)O_(2) production rate of up to 762 mmol g_(catalyst)^(-1) h^(-1) and Faradaic efficiency of over 75%during 12 h testing,superior to the reported carbon-based electrocatalysts.The density functional theory simulation suggests that the B atoms at the interface of the G/h-BN heterostructure are the key active sites.This research provides a new route to activate carbon catalysts toward highly active and selective O_(2)-to-H_(2)O_(2) conversion. 展开更多
关键词 efficient electrocatalyst GRAPHENE H_(2)O_(2)generation hexagonal boron nitride porous heterostructure
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An Efficient Method for Identifying Lower Limb Behavior Intentions Based on Surface Electromyography 被引量:1
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作者 Liuyi Ling Yiwen Wang +5 位作者 Fan Ding Li Jin Bin Feng Weixiao Li Chengjun Wang Xianhua Li 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第12期2771-2790,共20页
Surface electromyography(sEMG)is widely used for analyzing and controlling lower limb assisted exoskeleton robots.Behavior intention recognition based on sEMG is of great significance for achieving intelligent prosthe... Surface electromyography(sEMG)is widely used for analyzing and controlling lower limb assisted exoskeleton robots.Behavior intention recognition based on sEMG is of great significance for achieving intelligent prosthetic and exoskeleton control.Achieving highly efficient recognition while improving performance has always been a significant challenge.To address this,we propose an sEMG-based method called Enhanced Residual Gate Network(ERGN)for lower-limb behavioral intention recognition.The proposed network combines an attention mechanism and a hard threshold function,while combining the advantages of residual structure,which maps sEMG of multiple acquisition channels to the lower limb motion states.Firstly,continuous wavelet transform(CWT)is used to extract signals features from the collected sEMG data.Then,a hard threshold function serves as the gate function to enhance signals quality,with an attention mechanism incorporated to improve the ERGN’s performance further.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ERGN achieves extremely high accuracy and efficiency,with an average recognition accuracy of 98.41%and an average recognition time of only 20 ms-outperforming the state-of-the-art research significantly.Our research provides support for the application of lower limb assisted exoskeleton robots. 展开更多
关键词 SEMG movement intention efficient network convolutional neural network
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