Objective To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support （DCS） model and Effort-reward Imbalance （ERI） model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used...Objective To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support （DCS） model and Effort-reward Imbalance （ERI） model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used respectively. Methods A total of 3 632 males and 1 706 females from 13 factories and companies in Henan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （Chinese version）. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）. Results DC （demands/job control ratio） and ERI were shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. The outcome of low social support and overcommitment were similar. High DC and low social support （SS）, high ERI and high overcommitment, and high DC and high ERI posed greater risks of depressive symptoms than each of them did alone. ERI model and SS model seem to be effective in estimating the risk of depressive symptoms if they are used respectively. Conclusion The DC had better performance when it was used in combination with low SS. The effect on physical demands was better than on psychological demands. The combination of DCS and ERI models could improve the risk estimate of depressive symptoms in humans.展开更多
Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control cover...Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control covers some dispositional self-regulatory abilities important to cope with social demands of successful adaptation to school, such as attention regulation, individual differences in EC have recently been associated with school functioning through academic achievement including the efficient use of learning-related behaviors, which have been found to be a necessary precursor of learning and they refer to a set of children’s behaviors that involve organizational skills and appropriate habits of study. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on EC’s relationship to academic achievement via learning-related behaviors, which reflect the use of metacognitive control processes in kindergarten and elementary school students. The findings indicate that EC affects academic achievement through the facilitation of the efficient use of metacognitive control processes.展开更多
The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants compl...The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants completed the questionnaire measures of effortful control and eating behaviors and Stroop cognitive interference task. The results showed that restrained eating was positively correlated with activation control;emotional eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory control and attentional control;external eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory, activation, and attentional control. The scores for activation control and restrained eating were higher for participants with a low Stroop error rate than for those with a high Stroop error rate. These results indicate that restrained eating has a different association with effortful control than doing emotional and external eating.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a class of high-order nonlinear systems with unmodelled dynamics from the viewpoint of maintaining the desired control performance （e,g., asymptotical stability） and reducing the control e...In this paper, we consider a class of high-order nonlinear systems with unmodelled dynamics from the viewpoint of maintaining the desired control performance （e,g., asymptotical stability） and reducing the control effort. By introducing a new reseating transformation, adopting an effective reduced-order observer, and choosing an ingenious Lyapunov function and appropriate design parameters, this paper designs all improved output-feedback controller. The output-feedback controller guarantees the globally asymptotieal stability of the closed-loop system. Subsequently, taking a concrete system for an example, the smaller critical values for gain parameter and resealing transformation parameter are obtained to effectively reduce the control effort.展开更多
基金funded by Henan Provincial Health Science and Technology Key Projects(201001009)National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program(2006BAI06B 08),China
文摘Objective To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support （DCS） model and Effort-reward Imbalance （ERI） model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used respectively. Methods A total of 3 632 males and 1 706 females from 13 factories and companies in Henan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （Chinese version）. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）. Results DC （demands/job control ratio） and ERI were shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. The outcome of low social support and overcommitment were similar. High DC and low social support （SS）, high ERI and high overcommitment, and high DC and high ERI posed greater risks of depressive symptoms than each of them did alone. ERI model and SS model seem to be effective in estimating the risk of depressive symptoms if they are used respectively. Conclusion The DC had better performance when it was used in combination with low SS. The effect on physical demands was better than on psychological demands. The combination of DCS and ERI models could improve the risk estimate of depressive symptoms in humans.
文摘Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control covers some dispositional self-regulatory abilities important to cope with social demands of successful adaptation to school, such as attention regulation, individual differences in EC have recently been associated with school functioning through academic achievement including the efficient use of learning-related behaviors, which have been found to be a necessary precursor of learning and they refer to a set of children’s behaviors that involve organizational skills and appropriate habits of study. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on EC’s relationship to academic achievement via learning-related behaviors, which reflect the use of metacognitive control processes in kindergarten and elementary school students. The findings indicate that EC affects academic achievement through the facilitation of the efficient use of metacognitive control processes.
文摘The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants completed the questionnaire measures of effortful control and eating behaviors and Stroop cognitive interference task. The results showed that restrained eating was positively correlated with activation control;emotional eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory control and attentional control;external eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory, activation, and attentional control. The scores for activation control and restrained eating were higher for participants with a low Stroop error rate than for those with a high Stroop error rate. These results indicate that restrained eating has a different association with effortful control than doing emotional and external eating.
基金supported by National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (No. 60774010)Natural Science Foundation of JiangsuProvince, Jiangsu "Six Top Talents" (No. 07-A-020)+1 种基金Program for Fundamental Research of Natural Sciences in Universities of JiangsuProvince (No. 07KJB510114)Natural Science Foundation ofXuzhou Normal University (No. 08XLB20)
文摘In this paper, we consider a class of high-order nonlinear systems with unmodelled dynamics from the viewpoint of maintaining the desired control performance （e,g., asymptotical stability） and reducing the control effort. By introducing a new reseating transformation, adopting an effective reduced-order observer, and choosing an ingenious Lyapunov function and appropriate design parameters, this paper designs all improved output-feedback controller. The output-feedback controller guarantees the globally asymptotieal stability of the closed-loop system. Subsequently, taking a concrete system for an example, the smaller critical values for gain parameter and resealing transformation parameter are obtained to effectively reduce the control effort.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China （NCET-05-0607）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （60774010）, Program for Summit of Six Types of Talents of Jiangsu Province （07-A-020）, Program for Fundamental Research of Natural Sciences in Universities of Jiangsu Province （07KJB510114）
