Preliminary Study of Anthelmintic Potential of Terminalia catappa Fresh Leaves Following Short-Term Daily Feeding on Goats

The anthelmintic resistance was developed in many species of gastrointestinal nematodes and occurred worldwide. This phenomenon had reduced the effectiveness of anthelmintics which based on drugs. This situation has led to the scientific study on natural anthelmintic that based on traditional usage of local plants. In this study, local plant named Ketapang （Terminalia catappa） that traditionally used to treat helminth infection was chose as experimental plant. Eighteen mix Katjang goats were equally divided into three groups, where two groups were treated with mature and immature T. catappa leaves respectively, while the third group was untreated. Leaves were daily feeding in raw to the goats for four weeks. Normal goat＇s pellet was fed to the goats according to scheduled time-feediing; morning and afternoon, and water was given ad libitum. Fecal samples were collected every two days during the experimental period and subjected to modified Mc Master fecal egg count. Results for this short-term preliminary anthelmintic trial had showed significant percentage of helminth eggs reduction in goats. The reduction in goats treated with mature leaves was at 72% and 63% for the goats treated with immature leaves. Control goats did not showed significant reduction in terms of the parasite worm eggs. In conclusion, the ethnoveterinary data about this local plant was scientifically proven and can be widely promoted to the local livestock＇s owner as an alternative approach for parasitic helminths control in goats.

Suspected Resistance against Moxidectin in Sheep Strongylid Nematodes in Austria

Loss of efficacy due to resistance development against anthelmintics in livestock parasites is a growing concern worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of moxidectin, a frequently-used macrocyclic lactone, against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Austria. Individual faecal samples were collected from 243 adult sheep from 16 flocks in Styria and Salzburg before deworming and egg excretion （EPG （eggs per gram） of faeces） was determined using a modified McMaster technique. The animals were randomly assigned to a treatment group which received 0.2 mg/kg of body weight of moxidectin （Cydectin , Zoetis Schweiz GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland）, and an untreated control group. Fourteen days after deworming a FECRT （faecal egg count reduction test） for detection of anthelmintic resistance was performed. Before deworming, the infection rate for gastrointestinal strongylids was 94.7%, with EPG values of 0-5,800. The FECRT showed reduction rates between 93.08% and 99.78% and was sufficient in 15/16 flocks. The lower confidence interval was 70.0-100%. In 3/16 flocks this value was below the minimum for sufficient efficacy （70.0%, 79.0%, 85.0%）, and in two flocks the value （90,0%） was near the limit. These results indicated a （suspected） reduced efficacy of moxidectin in 5/16 examined flocks.