Research on Microstructure and Component of Anas crecca Egg Shell

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the reasons resulting in the brittleness of Anas crecca crecca.[Method]The structure of the eggshell crushed in hatching process was scanned and its basic elements were analyzed by using electron microscope and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy.[Result]The basic structures of Anas crecca crecca eggs were the same;however,there was great possibility that one of the main reasons affecting hatch ability was the cracks in the outside surface of eff shell.[Conclusion]This study would provide a theoretical basis for the research on artificial in cubation and the egg structure of Anas crecca crecca.

Egg shell waste as an activation agent for the manufacture of porous carbon

Egg shell waste was used as an activation agent directly for the manufacture of a biomass-derived porous carbon,which possessed a surface area of 626 m2·g-1 and was rich in nitrogen,sulfur and oxygen functionalities.The activation mechanism was proposed,and the carbon showed its potential to act as an adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of various contaminants from both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions,possessing maximum adsorption capacities of 195.9,185.1,125.5 and 44.6 mg·g-1 for sulfamethoxazole,methyl orange,diclofenac sodium and dibenzothiophene,respectively.Through the utilization of egg shell waste as a sustainable activation agent,this work may help to make the widely applied biomass-derived porous carbons more economical and ecological.

The inhibitive study of egg shell powder on uns n08904 austenitic stainless steel corrosion in chloride solution

The effect of egg shell powder(ES) as an environmental friendly inhibitor was studied for its corrosion inhibitive tendency on N08904 austenitic stainless steel in simulated saline(3.5% NaCl) solution using potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, and SEM/EDX at room temperature. The experimental data explained the effective performance of ES with values of 57%-100% inhibition efficiency, at 2 g-10 g inhibitor concentration from weight loss tests due to the inhibition of stainless steel. The electrochemical action was as a result of the ionized particles which inhibit the compound influencing the redox reaction mechanism causing surface corrosion. ES's best performance was achieved when 6 g of the inhibitor concentration was added to the saline medium. Corrosion rate value decreased progressively with the presence of inhibitor because of anions adsorption at the interface of the metal film. Corrosion potential(Ecorr) value was found to decrease from-0.3991 V to-0.3447 V in the presence of inhibitor at 2 g concentration, decreasing gradually to-0.2048 at 6 g inhibitor concentration. The compounds identified in the ES completely adsorbed onto the surface of stainless steel as observed from the EDX analysis. The ES adsorption on stainless steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A corroded morphology with pits was observed in the SEM results without ES which contrast the images obtained with the presence of ES.

Reduced egg shell permeability affects embryonic development and hatchling traits in Lycodon rufozonatum and Pelodiscus sinensis

The response of embryos to unpredictable hypoxia is critical for successful embryonic development,yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding of such responses in reptiles with different types of egg shell.We experimentally generated external regional hypoxia by sealing either the upper half or bottom half of the surface area of eggs in 2 species of reptiles(snake[Lycodon rufozonatum]with parchment egg shell and Chinese softshelled turtle[Pelodiscus sinensis]with rigid egg shell),then monitored the growth pattern of the opaque white patch in turtle eggs(a membrane that attaches the embryo to the egg shell and plays an important role in gas exchange),the embryonic heart rate,the developmental rate and the hatchling traits in turtle and snake eggs in response to external regional hypoxia.The snake embryos from the hypoxia treatments facultatively increased their heart rate during incubation,and turtle embryos from the upper-half hypoxia treatment enhanced their growth of the opaque white patch.Furthermore,the incubation period and hatching success of embryos were not affected by the hypoxia treatment in these 2 species.External regional hypoxia significantly affected embryonic yolk utilization and offspring size in the snake and turtle.Compared to sham controls,embryos from the upper-half hypoxia treatment used less energy from yolk and,therefore,developed into smaller hatchlings,but embryos from the bottom-half hypoxia treatment did not.

NEM® Brand Eggshell Membrane Effective in the Treatment of Pain and Stiffness Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee in an Italian Study Population

A single-center, open-label clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NEM® as a natural treatment for pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in an Italian population. NEM® brand eggshell membrane is a unique dietary supplement that contains naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and proteins essential for maintaining healthy joints and connective tissues. Twenty-five subjects received oral NEM®, 500 mg once daily for four weeks. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate the mean effectiveness of NEM® in relieving general pain associated with moderate osteoarthritis of the knee at 10 and 30 days utilizing a 10-question, abbreviated questionnaire based on the WOMAC osteoarthritis questionnaire. Supplementation with NEM® produced a significant treatment response from baseline at both 10 days and 30 days for composite pain (40.6% reduction, p p p = 0.009;59.7% reduction, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events reported during the study and the treatment was reported to be well tolerated by study participants. NEM® is an effective and safe natural therapeutic option for the treatment of both pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. Supplementation with NEM®, 500 mg taken once daily, significantly reduced both pain and stiffness rapidly (10 days) and this effect continued to improve through 30 days. There was also a meaningful reduction in the amount of analgesic consumed on a weekly basis, which further enhanced patients’ safety.

Extraordinary adsorption of acidic fuchsine and malachite green onto cheap nano-adsorbent derived from eggshell

Removal of dyestuffs such as Acidic Fuchsine(AF)and Malachite Green(MG)being present in many forms in industries is vital to protect water reservoirs from their catastrophic effects on the ecosystem.This study attempts to effectively eliminate these dyes using a low-cost and eco-friendly material.Eggshell,as a biocompatible by-product,was initially characterized,then some modifications were conducted,and its morphology and chemical structure were then examined through(Atomic force microscopy)AFM,(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)FTIR,(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)EDS and(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)BET analyses.They revealed that the modifications on raw material gave rise to a natural nano-adsorbent presenting porous medium appropriate for targeted adsorbate molecules with the average particle size and average pore diameter of 54 and^2 nm,respectively.Functional groups on the adsorbent surface were also of importance to assist the adsorption of AF and MG.The effect of contact time,adsorbent dose,solution p H and initial concentration was evaluated.Pseudo-second order model accurately correlated the experimental kinetic data for both dyes.Moreover,the participation of intra-particle diffusion along with film diffusion in controlling the process was suggested.Langmuir isotherm model fitted very well to the equilibrium data for both dyes and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of AF and MG was accordingly calculated to be 5000 and 3333.33 mg·g-1 respectively.The inherent characteristics of eggshell make it a potential material to remove contaminants from wastewater in future applications.

神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋期腹脂和血清脂代谢指标的比较研究

旨在比较神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋期腹脂和血脂代谢情况,为神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡的产蛋期饲养管理和营养调控提供理论依据。神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡19周龄商品代鸡,饲养至60周龄,19~28周龄每周采血一次,29~40周龄每2周采血一次,41~60周龄每4周采血一次,测量血清中脂质代谢相关生化指标,进行差异分析和相关性分析。结果显示:随着周龄增长,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡腹脂率和肝脏指数变化不显著;血清甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量先升高后降低,之后变化不显著或波动变化;低密度脂蛋白(LDL)先降低后升高,之后变化不显著;总胆固醇(TC)含量整体降低;极低密度脂蛋白y(VLDLy)和卵黄蛋白原(VTG)含量前期变化不显著,之后波动变化。随着周龄增长,海兰褐蛋鸡血清HDL、LDL、VLDLy和VTG含量变化与神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡趋势略有差异,其他指标趋势基本一致。与海兰褐蛋鸡相比,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡血清FFA和VTG含量前期较低,后期均与其含量接近,TG、TC、HDL、LDL和VLDLy含量则整体相近。产蛋前期(19周龄)、高峰期(28周龄)与后期(52周龄)比较分析结果显示,脂代谢指标中TG和FFA在神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡产蛋高峰期显著高于前期和后期(P<0.05),HDL和VTG均是后期显著低于前期(P<0.05)。综合分析表明,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡产蛋期血脂代谢稳定,与海兰褐蛋鸡相比前期慢,后期相当。

鸡蛋壳生物炭对Cu(Ⅱ)和苯胺吸附研究

针对印染废水有机物和重金属混合污染物难以有效去除的问题,本研究以鸡蛋壳为原料制备生物炭吸附剂,利用SEM、XRD和BET等方法分析生物炭理化性能,采用响应曲面法优化最佳吸附条件,研究其对苯胺和Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能和吸附机理。试验结果表明:磁性鸡蛋壳生物炭的比表面积为改性前的3.98倍,孔隙结构及吸附点位得到优化,多方位提升生物炭的吸附性能。pH是最显著影响因素,pH和生物炭投加量的交互作用对Cu(Ⅱ)和苯胺去除率的影响较大,最佳吸附条件为pH=6.0,吸附剂投加量0.015 g/mL,接触时间24 h,生物炭对Cu(Ⅱ)、苯胺吸附容量为2.00、0.97 mg/g。MESBC对污染物的吸附过程是以化学吸附为主的多分子层混合吸附,符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型。MESBC具有较好的循环再生稳定性,重复利用次数不宜超过5次。

SLCO1C1和SLCO4C1基因与绿壳蛋鸡不同产蛋期壳色相关性研究

为探究SLCO家族基因与绿壳蛋壳色的关系,试验以产绿壳蛋母鸡为试验样本,分别收集产蛋前期(150日龄)和产蛋后期(500日龄)的鸡蛋、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉、卵巢、壳腺组织和血样样品,采用色差仪测定壳色数值;ELISA方法检测血清中血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)的含量;利用荧光定量PCR测定HO-1和SLCO家族基因的表达。结果显示:产蛋前期蛋壳L*值极显著低于产蛋后期(P<0.01),而b*值极显著高于产蛋后期(P<0.01);产蛋前期血清中HO-1含量和壳腺中HO-1表达量极显著高于产蛋后期(P<0.01);SLCO1C1和SLCO4C1在壳腺中特异性表达,SLCO1A2在肝脏中特异性表达;产蛋前期SLCO1C1和SLCO4C1 mRNA表达量显著高于产蛋后期(P<0.05)。结果表明HO-1基因表达与酶活性下降造成绿壳蛋鸡壳色变浅,SLCO1C1和SLCO4C1可能是胆绿素合成和转运的重要基因。

不同Al含量对Ce-Cu/鸡蛋壳催化剂脱硝性能的影响

首先以生物废弃物鸡蛋壳为载体通过浸渍法制备了含有Al的鸡蛋壳,然后通过浸渍法将活性组分Ce和Cu引入到含有Al的鸡蛋壳上并对其NH_(3)-SCR性能进行了研究。此外,考察了不同Al含量对催化剂NH_(3)-SCR性能的影响及SO_(2)存在下对催化剂脱硝性能的影响。表征结果表明Al含量为15%负载型鸡蛋壳催化剂(Ce-Cu-Al15%/egg)具有较好的脱硝性能(225℃时NO_(x)转化率为70.5%),这是由于适量的酸性位点引入有助于氨气的吸附,从而促进脱硝反应的进行。此外,Ce-Cu-Al15%/egg具有优异的抗SO_(2)中毒性能。

木屑基介孔活性炭的制备及其对刚果红的高效吸附

以废弃生物质木屑作为原料,K_(2)C_(2)O_(4)为活化剂,鸡蛋壳为模板剂制备介孔活性炭。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和N_(2)吸附-脱附等温线等方法对活性炭的结构进行表征,并考察了活性炭对刚果红(CR)染料的吸附性能。结果表明,当木屑与K_(2)C_(2)O_(4)的质量比为1∶1.5,添加与木屑等量的鸡蛋壳,活化温度为800℃、活化时间为2 h时,所制备的活性炭AC-1比表面积为2009 m^(2)/g,介孔率可达70.5%。AC-1对CR的最佳吸附容量高达862.1 mg/g。吸附过程是以化学吸附为主的单层复合吸附过程,符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型。

鸡蛋壳制备磷酸氢钙的工艺研究

使用鸡蛋壳制备磷酸氢钙,可实现对大量废弃优质钙资源的回收利用,增加经济收益,同时也减少了废物的堆积,对环境起到保护作用。本文以鸡蛋壳为原料,采用直接中和法来合成磷酸氢钙,并采用单因素实验和正交实验研究其最佳工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为预处理后氧化钙5 g、磷酸用量10 g、反应温度70℃、固液比1∶3、反应时间60 min、120℃干燥2 h,该工艺下磷酸氢钙的合成产率为95.04%。

低糖超声波卤煮技术改善翻砂卤蛋凝胶特性及其机理

为开发一种绿色高效的低糖翻砂卤蛋腌制技术,通过部分木糖醇替代蔗糖的方式制备低糖翻砂卤蛋,随后施加不同功率(100、200、300 W)的高强度超声(high intensity ultrasound,HIU)处理,系统研究HIU对翻砂卤蛋凝胶特性、结构变化及感官属性的影响。结果显示,100 W的HIU处理显著提高了低糖翻砂卤蛋蛋白的内聚性和持水性,并显著增加了其疏水性和体外消化率。200 W的HIU处理提高了低糖翻砂卤蛋蛋黄的Zeta电位及β-折叠含量,破坏了蛋白质分子间的交联结构,并促进松散孔隙结构的形成。且在200 W处理下卤蛋中芳香物质、氮氧化合物含量增加,风味品质提升。本研究为卤蛋产品的创新开发及HIU技术在食品加工领域的应用提供了理论基础。

响应面法优化鸡蛋壳制备乳酸钙工艺研究

以废弃鸡蛋壳为原料,采用直接中和法制备乳酸钙,并用Box-behnken四因素三水平响应面试验设计,对乳酸用量、料液比、反应温度和反应时间等4个因素进行优化。结果表明,蛋壳制备乳酸钙的最佳工艺条件为蛋壳粉3 g时,乳酸用量7 mL,料液比1∶15,反应温度47℃,反应时间95 min,在最佳制备条件下乳酸钙的产量最高为5.35 g,为鸡蛋精深加工提供技术支撑。

坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡早期生长发育与开产性能分析

为了研究坝上长尾鸡与绿壳蛋鸡早期体质量、胫长与开产性能之间的关系,建立基于体质量、胫长指标与开产性能的最优回归方程。随机选取1日龄坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡各200只,测定5周龄体质量(X_(1))、6周龄体质量(X_(2))、7周龄体质量(X_(3))、5周龄胫长(X_(4))、6周龄胫长(X_(5))、7周龄胫长(X_(6))、开产日龄(Y_(1))、开产蛋重(Y_(2))、开产体质量(Y_(3)),并进行相关与回归分析。结果表明:绿壳蛋鸡开产日龄极显著早于坝上长尾鸡(p<0.01),坝上长尾鸡开产体质量、开产蛋重极显著高于绿壳蛋鸡(p<0.01);坝上长尾鸡与绿壳蛋鸡5~7周龄体质量、胫长与开产蛋重、开产体质量均呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与开产日龄呈不显著负相关(p>0.05)并得出坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡最优回归方程。说明可以通过坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡生长性状指标预测评估开产性能。

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.

Northern Blot and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of HMOX1Expression in Blue- and Brown-shelled Chickens

HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.

基于机器视觉的鸭蛋外壳检测系统

传统的鸭蛋外壳检测主要依靠人工检测进行,主观性大,检测精度差,效率低,耗费了大量的人力物力,还会造成鸭蛋的二次损坏,严重影响鸭蛋的出口和销售。为此,深入研究了机器视觉技术,并将其应用在鸭蛋外壳检测系统中,构建了基于机器视觉的鸭蛋外壳检测系统总体设计方案,完成了图像采集模块的硬件设计。工作时,对待检测鸭蛋进行自动拍照,完成摄像机图像的采集;通过建立小孔摄像机模型,确定样本图像和摄像机图像的比例关系;通过对样本图像进行图像灰度转换、二值化处理、边缘检测等处理,实现对鸭蛋外壳的智能检测。最后,进行鸭蛋外壳检测试验,结果表明:基于机器视觉的鸭蛋外壳检测系统结构能够实现对鸭蛋进行自动检测,智能区分完好鸭蛋和有裂纹鸭蛋,检测精度高、性能稳定,有效提高了鸭蛋外壳检测效率。

自升式钻井平台桩靴改造方法在“鸡蛋壳地层”插桩中的应用

对自升式钻井平台桩靴进行加大改造,可以减小单根桩腿预压载压强,提升桩靴就位时安全系数,减小平台就位“鸡蛋壳地层”穿刺风险。本文基于“招商海龙9”自升式钻井平台就位恩平20-5区块桩靴加大改造实际案例;详细介绍了平台桩靴加大改造设计方案,及改造后就位相关区块实际压载情况。实际应用施工资料表明,桩靴加大改造后,桩腿预压载压强大幅减小,对应“鸡蛋壳地层”处安全系数满足规范要求,有效消除了桩靴就位穿刺风险。研究成果作为桩靴加大改造方法在“鸡蛋壳地层”插桩中成功应用案例,将为我国自升式钻井平台就位“鸡蛋壳地层”消除穿刺风险提供宝贵经验与技术指导,助力油气安全高效开发。

基于改进YOLOv7的破壳鸡蛋在线实时检测系统

针对破壳鸡蛋(破口蛋和裂纹蛋)缺陷差异性大,在线检测要求实时,以及人工检测依靠主观经验且检测速度慢、检测精度不高等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进的YOLOv7(You Only Look Once v7)模型的破壳鸡蛋在线实时检测系统。以YOLOv7网络为基础,将YOLOv7网络的损失函数CIoU(complete-IoU)替换为WIoUv2(wise-IoU),在骨干网络(backbone)中嵌入坐标注意力模块(coordinate attention,CA)和添加可变形卷积DCNv2(deformable convnet)模块,同时将YOLOv7网络中的检测头(IDetect)替换为具有隐式知识学习的解耦检测头(IDetect_Decoupled)模块。在PC端的试验结果表明,改进后的模型在测试集上平均精度均值(mean average precision,m AP)为94.0%,单张图片检测时间为13.1 ms,与模型改进之前相比,其mAP提高了2.9个百分点,检测时间仅延长1.0 ms;改进后模型的参数量为3.64×10^(7),较原始模型降低了2.1%。最后通过格式转换并利用ONNXRun time深度学习框架把模型部署至设备端,在ONNXRuntime推理框架下进行在线检测验证。试验结果表明:该算法相较原始YOLOv7误检率降低了3.8个百分点,漏检率不变,并且在线检测平均帧率约为54帧/s,满足在线实时性检测需求。该研究可为破壳鸡蛋在线检测研究提供技术参考。