Nutritional and Antioxidant Evaluation and Effect of Eggplant Consumption on Anthropometric and Hematologic Parameters in Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of green and purple eggplant, their antioxidant activity and their nutritional efficacy on Wistar rats. For nutritional quality, the parameters measured are dry matter, protein, lipid, ash, carbohydrate, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and energy content. For antioxidant activity, the parameters measured are 50% DDPH free radical inhibition concentration and total polyphenol content. Nutritional efficacy was evaluated in rats fed the control diet and in rats fed the three treated diets containing eggplant meal obtained by replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of the control diet. The parameters measured are the amount consumed, the weight of the animal and target organs, and hematologic parameters. The results of the nutritional analysis show the following values: 13.31% protein, 2.66% lipids, 0.84% calcium, 0.12% magnesium, 0.43% phosphorus for the Solanum aethiopicum L. species and 13.47% protein, 3.66% lipids, 0.36% calcium, 0.22% magnesium, 0.35% phosphorus for the Solanum melongena L. species. In terms of antioxidant activity, we obtained DDPH inhibition percentages of 40.28 mg/ml for Solanum aethiopicum L. and 12.42 mg/ml for Solanum melongena L., respectively. Finally, hematologic and anthropometric tests showed that for the different diets used, weight loss and an increase in hematologic parameters were observed in the rats tested. This study showed that eggplant has interesting nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activity, contributing to an increase in weight and anthropometric parameters.

Foliar spraying of aqueous garlic bulb extract stimulates growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)

Recently,botanical extracts are gaining popularity as biostimulants in vegetable production.In present study,the effect of aqueous garlic bulb extract(AGE)was studied on the growth and physiology of eggplant grown in plastic tunnel.AGE was foliage sprayed with various frequencies,i.e.,0,S1(once),S2(twice)and S3(three times)at two independent growth stages,pre-and post-transplant.The results showed that the treated plants exhibited stimulatory responses in growth and physiology in accord with the repetition of AGE spray and growth stages of the plants,respectively.A single foliage sprayed pre-transplant resulted in improved growth,i.e.,plant morphology and biomass,and enhanced antioxidants enzymes(superoxide dismutase,SOD;peroxidase,POD),photosynthesis and chlorophyll abundance observed at vegetative,first flowering and fruit setting stages,respectively.However,thrice application inhibited the plant growth and development and resulted in lipid peroxidation,i.e.,increased malondialdehyde(MDA)content.In addition,the post-transplant application also showed growth stimulation and interestingly,an overall positive influence was observed with respect to the AGE application and no significant increase in the MDA content indicated the post-transplant seedlings responded well.Our findings demonstrate that AGE can act as a biostimulant to enhance the eggplant growth in plastic tunnel production.

茄子Whirly基因家族鉴定和表达分析

Whirly是一类能与单链DNA分子结合的植物特异转录因子,在细胞核以及细胞器内都起着广泛且复杂的作用。为探究茄子Whirly基因的功能和进化关系,本研究开展了基因家族成员生物信息学鉴定,包括系统进化关系、基因结构、保守基序及启动子中的顺式作用元件,分析了其在不同组织、外源激素处理和逆境胁迫下表达模式。结果表明,茄子Whirly基因家族包含两个家族成员,分别命名为SmWHY1和SmWHY2,它们与番茄中Whirly基因亲缘关系最近。SmWHY1和SmWHY2在不同组织中均能表达,在叶片中SmWHY1的表达水平高于SmWHY2,在其他组织中SmWHY2的表达水平高于SmWHY1。两个基因的表达均受到脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸、低温胁迫和病原菌诱导,但不同处理或基因型响应程度存在差异,在抗绵疫病种质G114中能够保持较高的表达水平。以上结果表明SmWHY1和SmWHY2可能在调控茄子生长发育和逆境响应中具有重要作用。

茄子(S. melongena L.)种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对来源于国内外的53份茄子种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析，从80个引物中筛选出9个多态性引物，共扩增出81条带，其中有46条多态性条带，占56．79％。种质间遗传相似系数在0．72～0．99之间，表明参试种质遗传基础比较狭窄。UPGMA树状图显示，可将53份参试茄子种质分为五大类群。聚类结果与传统分类并不完全一致，与地理分布没有联系。

栽培茄（Solanumme longena L．）和野生种远缘杂交后代的细胞学研究

本文通过观察茄子远缘杂交后代Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍａｅｔｈｉｏｐｉｃｕｍ×Ｓ．ｍｅｌｏｎｇｅｎａＦ１和其双亲的花粉母细胞减数分裂，发现杂种Ｆ１花粉母细胞减数分裂异常，出现单价体、落后染色体和染色体桥等现象，这种减数分裂后期染色体分配不均衡是造成花粉粒败育的原因。

Functional Characterization of SmbHLH13 in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Flowering in Eggplant

Anthocyanin is abundant in a few vegetables,including eggplant.It protects plants from abiotic stress and benefits human health,making the research of anthocyanin biosynthesis increasingly important.Flowering time is an important reference for judging reproduction and adaptability,which can guide plant production.In this study,SmbHLH13 from eggplant was identified.Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that SmbHLH13 binded and activated the expression of structural genes SmCHS and SmF3H in anthocyanin biosynthesis and it also was bound to the promoter of the key gene SmFT in flowering.Furthermore,genetic transformation of Arabidopsis revealed that overexpression of SmbHLH13 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation and delayed flowering.These results demonstrated that SmbHLH13 might promote anthocyanin accumulation through positive regulation of SmCHS and SmF3H.Moreover,SmbHLH13 might have a role in delaying eggplant flowering.

Effect of Grafting on Growth and Shelf Life of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grafted on Two Local Solanum Species

The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria). Grafting tomato onto compatible rootstocks resistant to these diseases offers a better potential to overcome soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, improve growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Cameroon, there is little or no information on grafting between Rio Grande tomato and selected eggplant rootstocks. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the compatibility between Rio tomato grafting and a popular local eggplant (Nkeya) rootstock;2) To verify the effect of grafting on flowering time;3) To evaluate the effect of eggplant rootstocks on growth, fruit shelf life and fruit quality of Rio tomatoes. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Rio Grande (To) was the ungrafted treatment used as a control. To/Ko, To/To and To/Nk were the grafted treatments eventually transplanted to the field. Growth data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Descriptive analyses were performed for the other parameters. The results revealed that, 1) The cleft grafting method used was successful with success rate varying between 90 and 100%;2) Grafting influenced flowering date (DAT, p = 0.05) as well as tomato growth parameters including stem height (H, 1.49 × 10-10 p 0.00014) and collar diameter (SD, 4 × 10-14 p 0.009). The To/To treatment was significantly different from the ungrafted cultivar To, which had no significant difference in stem diameter. A significant difference in plant height was also observed between the ungrafted treatment To and the To/Ko and To/Nk treatments. In addition, only the collar diameter of To/Nk was different from To. Also, there was no significant difference between To/To and To, but a significant difference between To/Ko and To/Nk compared to To. Conversely, grafting improved the lifespan of To/Ko. Ultimately, the grafting method used was successful, but further studies are needed to overcome the problem of graft incompatibility in order to improve the agronomic performance of grafted plants.

Planting Adaptability of Four Kinds of Common Vegetabless in Shanghai

[Objectives]To explore the planting adaptability of vegetables in Shanghai.[Methods]In this paper,cowpea(Vigna unguiculate(L.)Walp.),cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)and potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)were selected as experimental materials and planted in the open air.The growth status,the occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and the taste evaluation of these four kinds of common vegetables were mainly studied.[Results]The results showed that the four kinds of common vegetables in Shanghai had strong growth,strong adaptability,less pests and diseases,and good taste.[Conclusions]The cowpea,cucumber,eggplant,and potato are suitable for planting in Shanghai.

施硒对茄子生长、硒含量与富硒能力的影响

为了认识蔬菜的富硒状况和硒对蔬菜生长的影响,进行了土壤和叶面施硒种植茄子的盆栽试验,测定了茄子生长期间的株高和收获后的生物量及其硒含量。结果表明,土施和叶施硒均增加了茄果的产量,叶施硒还有助于茄子矮化。叶施硒使茄子根、叶和果的硒含量分别增加了3.0、14.3和9.9倍,根、叶、果、地上部和总富硒量分别增加了1.6、10.2、15.0、8.5和6.7倍;而土施硒使茄子根、茎、叶和果的硒含量分别增加了3.1、4.4、5.7和2.0倍,根、茎、叶、果、地上部和总富硒量分别增加了2.1、5.8、7.5、4.2、5.9和4.5倍。叶施硒茄子叶和果的硒含量是土施硒的2.1和3.0倍,叶、果、地上和总富硒量是土施硒的1.3、3.1、1.5和1.4倍。对照下根的富硒率最高,叶施硒下果的富硒率最高,土施硒下叶的富硒率最高,均以茎的富硒率最低;所有处理中,地上富硒率均在64%~89%之间,呈叶施>土施>对照。叶施硒下茄子对施硒的总利用率达到30.5%,以果的利用率最高,茎最低;土施硒下茄子对施硒的利用率不到0.7%,以叶最高,根最低。总之,施硒增加了茄果的产量、茄子硒含量、富硒量和富硒率,其中叶施比土施硒更能促进茄子果、叶的硒含量、富硒量和茄子对施硒的利用率,此外叶施硒改变了茄子生长模式,促进茄子矮化。

与茄子果皮颜色相关联的AFLP及SCAR标记

【目的】寻找与茄子皮色或果皮花青素合成相关基因连锁的分子标记,检验混合品系法(bulked lines analysis)在筛选分子标记中的应用。【方法】采用AFLP技术,以具有不同果皮颜色的茄子及近缘种为材料,采用单株检测和混合品系法分别筛选与茄子果皮颜色相关基因连锁的分子标记。【结果】对58份高代自交系材料进行单株检测(亲缘关系分析),筛选到了1个与茄子紫红、紫黑果色相关的共显性标记。测序结果表明,片段长度分别为107和108bp,为发生插入/缺失突变的同源序列;将其转化为SCAR标记,对136份茄子材料进行验证,在其中111份紫红、紫黑皮色材料中,相关符合率为90%,在白色及绿色材料中表现为不规律分布。最后以混合品系法,在两池内进一步筛选到了6个多态性标记,对6个标记进行单株验证,确定了它们与紫红、紫黑果色相关。【结论】本试验所获得的SCAR标记、AFLP标记可以用于茄子果色分子标记辅助育种。

与茄子青枯病抗性相关基因连锁的AFLP标记研究

本文以茄子高感青枯病亲本自交系5810、高抗亲本自交系5556单1、两自交系杂交得到F1,F1单株自交得到F2群体为试材,采用苗期接种鉴定及BSA法结合AFLP技术,探讨了茄子青枯病抗性的遗传规律,获得与茄子青枯病抗性相关基因连锁的AFLP分子标记。结果表明:抗病亲本5556单1青枯病抗性受一对单隐性基因控制,感病亲本控制的感病基因是不完全显性的。在抗、感池中未发现标记,而通过抗、感池单株分析得到了相引相AFLP分子标记E13M10150及相斥相AFLP标记E16M5240,估算它们与目标基因间的遗传距离分别为10.14cM和7.56cM。

茄子(Solanum melongena)MADs-box家族基因SmA GL9的克隆与表达分析

本研究以茄子单性结实品系D-10和非单性结实品系03-2所构建的抑制差减文库(SSH)中差异表达的EST片段fan11为依据,利用RACE技术克隆得到一条与AGL9基因一致性达97.93%的cDNA序列,命名为SmA GL9。生物信息学分析表明,该基因有一个全长726 bp的开放阅读框,编码241个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为27.546 2 kD,理论等电点为9.00。保守结构域分析发现该蛋白含有MADS-MEF2-like和K-box两个保守结构域,属MADS-box转录因子。同源进化分析结果显示SmAGL9基因的蛋白质序列与辣椒AGL9基因同源关系相近。RT-qPCR分析表明,低温条件下SmAGL9基因在单性结实和非单性结实的子房和果实发育过程中均有表达,果实发育初期单性结实品系中的表达量显著高于非单性结实品系,推测SmAGL9基因在茄子单性结实子房和果实发育初期具有重要的调控作用。结果可为进一步研究茄子单性结实果实形成的分子机理提供参考。

茄子及其近缘野生种AFLP分析体系的建立

本文以若干茄子自交系及其近缘野生种为材料,从DNA提取、酶切连接、预扩和选扩等几方面进行选择优化,建立起高效稳定的AFLP分析体系;从64对AFLP引物组合筛选出多态性好的引物组合38对,栽培种茄子和野生种托鲁巴姆间多态性高达68.5%。本实验室正以本AFLP分析体系开展茄子资源遗传多样性、青枯病抗性基因分子标记等遗传分析研究工作。

氯化钙处理改善低温胁迫下茄子幼苗的生理生态指标

为了研究外源喷施不同浓度氯化钙(CaCl_(2))对低温胁迫下茄科蔬菜幼苗生理生态的影响,以茄子为材料,在低温胁迫下进行喷施不同浓度的CaCl_(2)(0、5、10、20 mmol/L和40 mmol/L)处理,研究了CaCl_(2)叶面喷施处理对10℃低温胁迫下茄子幼苗生物量、光合色素含量、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质等指标的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下茄子幼苗各项指标的变化情况随着CaCl_(2)浓度的不同而存在差异,喷施浓度为5 mmol/L的CaCl_(2)处理茄子幼苗,其根系和地上部分生物量较对照分别显著增加了20.23%和17.16%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量较对照分别显著增加了15.24%、28.05%和29.14%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性较对照分别显著提高了25.30%和30.43%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较对照提高了7.94倍,可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量较对照分别增加了40.27%和171.79%。由此可知,5 mmol/L的CaCl_(2)处理有效地促进了低温胁迫下茄子幼苗的生长,缓解了低温胁迫对茄子幼苗生长的影响,提高了茄子幼苗对低温胁迫的抵抗能力。

不同施用方式的复合氨基酸肥料对茄子生长和品质的影响

以茄子为试材,研究喷施、冲施、喷施+冲施的复合氨基酸肥料对其生长和品质的影响。结果表明,施用复合氨基酸肥料显著增加了茄子植株地上部鲜重,不同施用方式间,除喷施+冲施处理茄子植株净光合速率显著高于喷施处理外,其他农艺学性状指标无显著差异;不同施用方式对氮、磷、镁、硫矿质元素含量和分布的影响存在差异;冲施处理显著增加了茄子V_(C)含量和可溶性糖含量,喷施+冲施处理显著提高了茄子维生素C(V_(C))含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低了粗纤维含量。综上,施用复合氨基酸肥料在一定程度上能够促进茄子植株生长、影响矿质元素含量和分布、改善茄子品质,其中喷施+冲施处理效果优于单独冲施处理和喷施处理。

CaCl_2,AsA和GSH对冷害低温下茄子果实氧化胁迫的抑制作用

ＣａＣｌ２（２％）处理可显著提高冷害低温（２℃）下茄子果实组织中ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性（Ｐ＜０．０１），延缓ＰＯＤ活性高峰的出现，降低ＭＤＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１），并明显减轻了果实冷害的程度；ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ处理可提高ＣＡＴ活性，降低ＰＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），但对ＳＯＤ活性无显著影响，对果实冷害的抑制效果也不如ＣａＣｌ２处理明显。结果表明：ＣａＣｌ２及ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ对茄子果实冷害的抑制作用与其提高了组织的抗氧化胁迫能力有关。

茄子叶际固氮菌的分离鉴定·培养特性及抑菌活性

采用Ashby无氮培养基从茄子叶际分离得到1株具有高效固氮性能的自生固氮菌QZ-1,经16S rDNA序列鉴定,该菌株与克雷伯氏菌属各菌株同源性高达99%以上,初步鉴定为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.),其在酵母粉为碳源、pH为5.0时生长最好。菌株QZ-1具有广谱抗真菌活性,对油菜菌核病、葡萄炭疽病、番茄灰霉病抑制效果可达40%以上。自生固氮菌QZ-1具有固氮和生防作用,可为进一步研发优良的叶际固氮菌肥提供微生物资源。

茄子果实生长发育过程中果皮主要色素含量的变化及相关基因表达分析

[目的]探讨茄子果实生长发育过程中果皮主要色素含量变化及色素合成过程中相关基因的表达,为茄子生长发育过程中果皮颜色变化机理研究奠定基础。[方法]以2份高代自交系茄子(绿色果皮启董和紫黑色果皮8果)为试验材料,分别于授粉后15、20、25、30、35 d进行花青素相对含量、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的测定,同时对花青素生物合成结构基因PAL、CHS、CHI、F3H、DFR、ANS及转录因子MYB75、JAF13、WD40,叶绿素合成关键基因HEMA1,类胡萝卜素合成关键基因PSY1进行表达分析。[结果]启董茄子的花青素相对含量、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,分别在授粉后20、25、20 d达到峰值;8果茄子的花青素相对含量呈先升高再降低的变化趋势,在25 d时达到峰值,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量一直升高。与启董相比,8果茄子的花青素相对含量较高,叶绿素含量在15-25 d较低,类胡萝卜素含量在30-35 d较高。启董中花青素合成结构基因和转录因子MYB75、JAF13、WD40在不同生长发育时期的表达相较于8果总体偏低且变化趋势相对稳定。8果中花青素合成相关结构基因的表达均在20 d达到顶峰,随后开始降低,转录因子MYB75、WD40表达量整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,这与花青素相对含量的变化趋势一致。启董和8果中HEMA1、PSY1的表达量均与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量的变化趋势存在差异。[结论]生长发育过程中,主要色素的含量及变化趋势在绿色果皮茄子启董和紫黑色果皮茄子8果之间差异明显,并且花青素、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素相关基因的表达模式不同,可进一步通过遗传学方法挖掘导致果色差异的主要基因。

高代自交系茄子CR耐低温生理特性及转录组学分析

低温是影响我国广大茄子产区春茄子生长的主要因素之一,筛选性状优异的耐低温茄子自交系可为培育抗逆品种提供可靠的育种材料。本研究以高代自交系NCR品种为对照,研究高代自交系茄子CR的耐低温生理特性,并采用高通量测序技术筛选CR和NCR 2个品种在低温胁迫下的差异表达基因。低温处理1 d后对照品种NCR即出现萎焉,CR品种低温处理6 d后出现萎焉,且冷害指数仅为对照品种的十分之一。低温处理对CR品种的电解质渗透影响不大,而NCR品种低温处理6 d后电解质渗透增加了72.72%。低温处理2个品种丙二醛含量都增加,但CR品种增加的水平低于对照NCR品种。转录组学分析发现80个在高代自交系CR中特异性表达的基因,GO及KEGG分析表明这些基因涉及脱水反应、植物抗氧化系统、染色体或染色质复制和重塑、蛋白泛素降解和信号转导途径,说明高代自交系CR的耐低温特性与基因的特异性表达有关。

筛选耐低温茄子种质资源的方法比较

低温霜冻影响着茄子的栽培范围和栽培时间,因此筛选和培育耐低温的茄子品种和资源,是茄子生产和科研面临的紧要任务。茄子在遭受低温胁迫时,会导致外部形态和内部生理生化发生变化。低温胁迫对叶片的影响最为直观,如叶片出现萎蔫、下垂、有水渍斑等现象。根据茄子在低温胁迫下的形态变化,计算低温伤害指数并进行低温伤害分级,可以清楚的显示其受到低温伤害的程度[1]。