Internationalization in Egypt： Risks and Opportunities

Despite of Egypt is facing a period of political uncertainty, some Italian firms have a great interest in operating business in Egypt. Egypt has bilateral agreements with Italy since 2007. As a result of this relation, Italy has become a strategic partner for Egypt, gaining a growing importance in the Middle East. Egypt is, also, an important trading partner for the Italy. Political and economic relationship between Egypt and Italy has increased the interest in analyzing risks and opportunities for Italian firms that would like to operate in Egypt. However studies focused on this topic are still missing. With the aim to fill this gap, this article presents a study based on face to face interviews to some Egyptian senior-executives who manage in Egypt productive centres and representative offices of Italian finns. These interviews led to evidence opportunities and risks that Italian firms have to face operating business in Egypt.

Geochemistry of island arc assemblage in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and the role of Pan-African magmatism in crustal growth of the Arabian–Nubian Shield:A review

Neoproterozoic island arc assemblage of the Arabian–Nubian Shield(ANS)in the Eastern Desert(ED)of Egypt comprises juvenile suites of metavolcanics(MV),large amounts of meta-sedimentary rocks(MS),and voluminous metagabbros-diorites(MGD)and syn-tectonic intrusions of older granitoids(OG).We report here the updates of these four rock units in terms of classification,distribution,chemical characteristics,geodynamic evolution,metamorphism,and ages.In addition,we discuss these integrated data to elucidate a reasonable and reliable model for crustal evolution in the ANS.The main features of these rock units indicate their relation to each other and the geodynamic environment dominated by early immature oceanic island arcs to primitive continental arcs.Integrated information of the island arc metavolcanic and plutonic rocks(gabbros,diorites,tonalites,and granodiorites)furnish evidence of the genetic relationships.These include proximity and a coeval nature in the field;all protolith magmas are subalkaline in nature following calc-alkaline series with minor tholeiitic affinities;common geochemical signature of the arc rocks and subduction-related magmatism;their similar enrichment in LREEs;and similar major element compositions with mafic melts derived from metasomatized mantle wedge.The volcano-sedimentary and the OG rocks underwent multiphase deformation events whereas the MGD complexes deformed slightly.Based on the magmatic,sedimentological,and metamorphic evolutions constrained by geochronological data as well as the progressive evolutionary trend from extensional to compressional regimes,a possible gradual decrease in the subducted slab dip angle is the most infl uential in any geodynamic model for arc assemblage in the ED of Egypt.

Egypt Shows World How to Tackle Hepatitis C

In October 2023,Egypt received recognition for a feat that cheered public health experts around the world:It became the first country awarded the World Health Organization(WHO)“Gold Tier”certification for its progress in eliminating viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV)[1].It is also the first time in history that a country has nearly eliminated a chronic illness caused by a virus.While that achievement itself is remarkable,especially impressive is the speed with which Egypt accomplished this public health triumph.In just 14 years,from 2008 to 2022,Egypt’s prevalence of HCV viral hepatitis fell from 10%to 0.38%[1],and deaths due to the disease dropped by 51%[2].Modeling suggests the country’s aggressive elimination program,which has tested more than 60 million people and treated more than 4 million[1],will have prevented almost 250000 HCV-related deaths by 2030[3].

Mapping Structurally Controlled Alterations Sparked by Hydrothermal Activity in the Fatira–Abu Zawal Area,Eastern Desert,Egypt

The Eastern Desert of Egypt suffered a protracted period of deformation triggered by cratonization of the new juvenile crust known as the Arabian Nubian Shield(ANS),which has been proposed for potential gold discoveries associated with the corresponding tectonic event.The Fatira area,on the border of Egypt’s Northern and Central Eastern Deserts,is covered with metavolcanic rocks twisted by a dextral relocation of the Fatira Shear Zone(FSZ)relative to the Barud magmatic body.The recent study evaluated many deformed post-orogenic granitic intrusions and felsite dikes associated with promising mineralization localities,notably orogenic gold deposits.The combination of various field observations and remote sensing data,followed by the analysis of aeromagnetic enhanced maps,allowed the differentiation of distinct lithologies,structural features,and hydrothermal alterations in the study area.Additionally,the integrated results obtained from the different interpretation techniques are utilized to identify and confirm the previously supposed mineralized localities in the Fatira and Abu Zawal areas and predict other matched localities.The final ASTER,Sentinel 2 hydrothermal alteration,and orientation entropy heat maps demonstrate the association between these mineralized regions and major structures related to the FSZ late stage of deformation rather than other structures studied throughout the area of interest.

GIS-based flash flooding susceptibility analysis and water management in arid mountain ranges:Safaga Region,Red Sea Mountains,Egypt

The Safaga Region(SR)is part of the Red Sea mountain range in Egypt.Catastrophic flash flooding is now an inescapable event,wreaking havoc and causing massive loss of life and property.The majority of the floodwater,however,has been wasted as runoff to the Red Sea,which,if used wisely,could meet a fraction of the water demands for a variety of applications in this area.The current work aims to use GIS techniques to integrate remote sensing data for evaluating,mitigating,and managing flash floods in SR.The data set comprised Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)thematic rainfall data,1:50,000 scale topographical map sheets,geological maps,the ASTER Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper"(ETM7+),and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager.The flash flood risk model of SR is developed using ArcGIS-10.3 geoprocessing tools integrating all the causal factors thematic maps.The final flood risk model for the SR suggests that 57%of the total basins in the SR are at high risk of flooding.Almost 38%of all basins are at moderate flood risk.The remaining 5%of basins are less prone to flooding.Flood-prone zones were identified,suitable dam-building sites were located,and extremely probable areas for water recharge were recognized.On the basis of reliable scientific data,structural and non-structural mitigation strategies that might reduce the damage susceptibility,alleviate the sensitivity of the flash flood,and best utilize its water supply were recommended.

China-Egypt Tourism Cooperation Continuing to Forge Ahead

With the joint efforts of the two sides,the tourism cooperation between the two countries will achieve greater development,the tourist requirements accumulated in the past three years will be fully released,and the number of Chinese tourists and flights to Egypt will get recovery or even exceed the pre-pandemic level.

Urological and genital surgery in ancient Egypt

Background:Ancient Egypt might be considered the cradle of medicine.The modern literature is somewhat too enthusiastic regarding the procedures given an Egyptian origin.The aim of the current paper is to briefly analyze the claims regarding urological and genital surgery in Egypt,in order to decide what the Egyptian actually do,and what has incorrectly been ascribed to them.Methods:The original sources as well as the modern literature was reviewed regarding surgery in ancient Egypt.Results:There is only one source indicating a urological procedure for medical indications in the Egyptian material.The Ebers papyrus can be interpreted as describing a surgical treatment for hydrocele.The sources are more abundant regarding male circumcision,while female circumcision is mainly documented from a later period.The suggestions that castration and lithotomy were performed are based on a lack of understanding of the sources.Conclusion:The ancient Egyptians did possibly treat hydrocele with a minor surgical procedure,but there are no indications in the sources that other urological procedures were performed.Circumcisions were common,but were not performed on a medical indication.These findings are in line with the general level of Egyptian surgery.

Methods and management in ancient Egyptian and Greek medicine

Objective:Demonstrate that some ancient Egyptian medical treatments are still used today while Greeks appropriated many concepts that have partially disappeared.Methods:Through the study of classical authors,Egyptian papyri,ancient medical sources and historical and recent research,this article examines some neglected aspects in the traditional picture of ancient Egyptian medicine,now considered the cradle of scientific inquiry.Results:A framework of important health conditions must be highlighted in Egypt:accurate diagnosis similar to the present,training of highly skilled specialists,a health care system,greatly advanced for its time,although including magical practices and spells,because all types of healers coexisted peacefully.Hippocratic medicine also adopted Egyptian incubation,the same scientific and rational systems in patient therapy and older Egyptian ideas and remedies.The brilliant Egyptian hypothesis about gastrointestinal residuals or wxdw,a methodical approach to interpreting internal diseases,opened the road to a coherent and scientific therapy.Based on the Egyptian idea of self-intoxication through dangerous materials and of pathogenic decay that survives in the modern use of the Greek word sepsis,different Greek medical schools have been influenced and are even well developed in modern times.When they realized that putrefaction began in the intestine,they applied mummification and embalming for corpses and employed emetics,purges and enemas in patients.Greeks,by contrast,to avoid contamination,adopted dead cremation and their false humoral theory remained until the 17th century AC,as well as the false benign pus.Conclusions:Egyptian physicians,still ignoring the concept of infection or inflammation,clearly recognized local purulence and identified the presence and growth of pathogenic agents in infections.Thus,they were pioneers in solving pyogenic lesion debridement and diagnose the feverish profile of a noxious laceration,starting the prevention and control of infection used today.

埃及开展高等教育质量保障的动因、经验及启示

提高高等教育质量已成为一种国际共识。对于发展中国家而言,建设质量保障体系是实现教育可持续发展的重要基础。埃及正处在社会转型期,提供高质量的教育服务,满足雇主对人才培养的需求,提高毕业生的就业竞争力是埃及高等教育发展所面临一项紧迫任务。近二十年来,埃及建立了从高校到专业乃至课程的多层面、综合性的高等教育质量保障体系,通过国际合作与国内项目共同推动高等教育质量的提升。该体系的优点在于相对严格的同行评议制和与国际相接轨的质量认证标准及评估认证程序,问题则在于质量认证体系中存在的结构性缺陷以及由阿兹哈尔高等教育机构所引发的系统性障碍。

奥西里斯的远征:跨文化神话与托勒密埃及的认同政治

公元前1世纪的希腊历史学家西西里的狄奥多罗斯在《历史丛书》1.17-20中讲述了一个关于埃及国王奥西里斯远征全世界传播文明的神话。这则“文明交流互鉴”神话中的人物有埃及的,也有希腊的,故事发生地点涉及欧亚非三大洲多地。对该神话多角度的分析表明,它应该是托勒密一世时期希腊化埃及官方创造的,它构成了托勒密王朝认同政治的一项内容。

圣域重构——《法雍之书》与“消失的‘迷宫’”

对于古典作家而言,“东方”几乎是一个无可或缺的镜像,而埃及则在相当程度上既是整个东方想象的核心,亦是其重要的异例。在他们笔下,一座“消失的‘迷宫’”便颇为引人注目,甚至一度令古老的金字塔都相形见绌。伴随着19世纪旨在重寻克诺索斯迷宫的克里特考古勃兴,对于这座埃及典范的探索热情亦高涨起来。然而,即使皮特里等埃及学家皆相继宣称在哈瓦拉发现了这座“迷宫”,但可资确证的古埃及文献寥寥无几,在被视为古代埃及“地图”的《法雍之书》中,更似乎是全然不见这一庞大建筑群之踪影。但事实上,“迷宫”恰恰就是物质化了的《法雍之书》,而《法雍之书》也即是文本化乃至“正典化”了的“迷宫”,共同体现出中王国末期古埃及人围绕法雍地区所构建的神圣景观与世界想象,是同一理念的不同载体。由此,神圣王权、法雍地区的索贝克崇拜与整个埃及世界遂得以融为一体,重新创造出一个崭新的、法雍化了的“世界”。在这个世界中,索贝克是统御一切信仰的信仰,不仅在世俗和现实的意义上整合着埃及各处,而且还通过法雍这一载体,将关乎世界的想象首次具象化、实体化、正典化,从而深入到每一个人的内心之中。

爱资哈尔在当代埃及的政治参与及其特征和影响

爱资哈尔在历史上长期居于埃及国家政治生活中的重要位置,构建起伊斯兰最高权威和阿拉伯民族象征的双重身份。现代以来,爱资哈尔不断增强的国家认同决定了其以配合政治权威、服务国家利益为己任,日益趋向依附国家政权,经历了从支持阿拉伯社会主义到倾向政治伊斯兰主义,再到倡导伊斯兰中间主义的思想演变,逐渐形成了以爱资哈尔长老为核心的宗教学者参政主体,以伊斯兰教义原则为参政依据,以丰富的社会资源为参政基础,以维护国家统一、社会稳定和引领社会主流价值观为参政目的的独特政治参与方式。爱资哈尔积极参政辅政,致力于社会变革与文化建设,在协调政教关系、推动埃及社会发展、凝聚国家认同、促进社会公平、引领社会舆论、塑造社会主流价值、参与国家治理等诸多方面,发挥了独特且重要的作用,产生了广泛影响。

埃及可再生能源发展现状及中埃合作机会分析

埃及可再生能源资源禀赋较好,在全球积极推动能源转型的背景下,埃及高度重视可再生能源开发利用,制定了多项政策措施支持可再生能源项目投资。中国与埃及在能源电力等领域具有优良合作基础,未来中埃两国在可再生能源领域具有广阔的合作空间。在分析埃及可再生能源发展现状的基础上,提出了中国能源企业在埃及开展可再生能源合作宜关注的重点领域以及针对性的合作建议,以期为中国能源企业在埃及开展可再生能源项目合作提供参考。

中埃两国垂直绿化研究的比较回顾

垂直绿化作为改善人类生活境域、优化人居环境的重要手段,有着悠久的历史,是城市精神文明的重要象征。中国和埃及两个文明古国既是垂直绿化的发源地,也是现代垂直绿化的实践者和先行者,研究综述了2010–2023年间两国在该主题研究的进展。垂直绿化具有跨学科研究的特点,包括能源效率、碳减排、感知和恢复、户外热舒适性和生态影响等几个方面。中埃两国的研究主要关注应对城市问题的挑战,内容从节能减排、提高公众福祉到可持续发展。同时,在面临日益严峻的城市环境问题时,垂直绿化还是延展绿色空间、增强生态系统韧性、维护生态平衡的有效对策。加强两国交流可以为跨学科、跨国家解决各自面临的问题提供技术路径。

古埃及神谕研究(公元前3000年至前1550年)——基于原始文献与文化记忆理论的双重考略

神谕仪式是一种普遍存在于早期人类文明的宗教活动。然而,直至古埃及文明诞生约1500年后的新王国时期才出现有关神谕仪式的直接记录。新王国的神谕仪式所呈现出的高度完善化且制度化特征,引发了学术界对古埃及神谕起源的争论。新王国以前的文献史料能够反映神谕实践的部分表征,但不能作为证明神谕存在的直接证据,须辩证看待。早期神权与王权观念决定了神谕在当时属于“隐性文化”,故未被主流叙事所记录。阿蒙神崇拜的兴起、仪式时空单元的构建以及神权与王权观念的演变最终导致神谕由“隐性文化”转变成为“显性文化”。

埃及水资源综合管理:动因、实践与挑战

水资源问题长期困扰着埃及的经济、政治和社会发展。面对日益严重的水资源短缺、人口快速增长、气候变化导致的海平面上升和持续干旱,以及因修建复兴大坝而加剧的地区冲突等问题,埃及采取了水资源综合管理模式以应对上述挑战。埃及政府积极争取国际组织和域外国家的资金和技术支持,推广灌溉改善项目与设立综合水管理区,出台法律(令)以适配改革。埃及还将水资源与灌溉部门确立为改革主导部门,协同多个相关职能部门共同推进水资源管理改革。然而,该模式存在以下问题:囿于外部援助的控制与埃及传统政治“惯性”导致政府与农户之间的信任缺失;水资源管理法律与农业灌溉法律存在高度重叠,缺乏专门且有针对性的法规;复兴大坝引发的水资源争端进一步削弱了地区政治互信,并阻碍了流域整体化管理进程;不同级别的用水者协会成员参与管理的程度不一,而农户的节水意识亟待提高。从长远来看,虽风险与机遇并存,但受制于多重因素制约,埃及水资源综合管理发展前景不容乐观。

埃及(EGYPT)血吸虫病流行及防治情况

本文全面地报道了EGYPT血吸虫病流行及防治概况.全国有20个省流行血吸虫病,受威胁人口约2000万.1992年平均感染率为10.5%,病人总数约600万人,主要分布在尼罗河三角洲.埃及的血防工作在公共卫生中享有很高的优先地位,有健全的防治管理和螺蛳控制机构.埃及没有一个全国性的控制规划,主要是按照各个流行区不同的情况,采取不同的防治对策,分别实施各自的规划,通过向国外贷款得到资助.埃及从1969—1993年共实施了Fayum等10个项目,获得了较好的效果.据统计1988—1992年人群平均感染率呈较慢的逐年下降趋势.

中埃职业教育合作的现实基础和前景擘画

随着“一带一路”倡议的稳步推进,中埃职业教育合作正逐步成为中埃两国教育合作的新亮点,开启了两国人文交流与合作的新领域。中埃职业教育合作不仅是中埃两国发展战略相对接的重要产物,更契合了埃及职业教育改革的迫切需求。中埃职业教育合作既充满机遇,又面临着资金短缺、西方势力竞争以及社会认知偏见等方面的挑战。因此,为进一步深化中埃职业教育合作与交流,应充分调动各方积极性,强化资金保障;发挥自身优势,借鉴成熟模式;加强宣传力度,提升品牌效应。

早期东亚与古埃及建筑特征相通性观察

青铜时代晚期以降的东西方沟通日益密切,以殷墟、周原、秦咸阳城、汉长安城、西汉诸侯王大型岩穴墓等商周秦汉宫庙陵墓为代表的东方建筑,与底比斯、阿玛纳、孟斐斯宫庙陵墓代表的古埃及建筑特征息息相通,包括建筑组群规划布局、建筑单体空间结构、建筑空间尺度与比例等,形成共性显著又自成体系的空间设计理念,典型如多宫布局、多重阙门、前殿后室、陵前巷道。其影响波及古代朝鲜半岛与日本,塑造了两地以飞鸟宫苑与寺院、伊势神宫、朝鲜王朝宗庙等为代表的七世纪以至后期宫庙寺刹的空间形态,如横院格局、宫室与池苑关系、双院设计等,部分建筑礼俗也传承至今。

瓜瓞绵绵:甜西瓜在丝绸之路沿线的栽培与传播

甜西瓜是葫芦科植物,原产于非洲大陆,其人工栽培种出现于公元前3000年的埃及。公元前1200年,甜西瓜沿地中海沿岸传播,希伯来语avattiah、古希腊语pepon与拉丁语pepo均指代甜西瓜。公元8世纪,甜西瓜已向东传播至伊朗高原。公元9世纪中叶,甜西瓜出现在中亚费尔干纳盆地的布哈拉。目前中国已知最早的甜西瓜遗物出土于新疆巴楚县托库孜萨来遗址,年代为公元9世纪末至公元10世纪初,间接印证了《新五代史》《辽史·太祖本纪》中关于“契丹破回纥得瓜种”的记载。