This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination t...This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three genotypes.of E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.展开更多
The place of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., in the market for fats of vegetable commodities makes it a strategic plant which requires continuous improvement. In this context, it seems appropriate to better des...The place of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., in the market for fats of vegetable commodities makes it a strategic plant which requires continuous improvement. In this context, it seems appropriate to better describe the effects of the Sh gene in the developing fruit. This study aims to set a benchmark for the development of the seed in the natural palm （Elaeis guineensis var. dura） Thus the growth and development of the two major seed tissues were monitored every two weeks from pollination to maturity of the fruit. The results show that the endosperm is still liquid six weeks after pollination. It then begins an accelerated development which leads it, 11 weeks later, to completely fill the seed cavity, with an average mass of 0.81 g. This mass remains stable until the maturity of the fruit. The embryo is only visible when the endosperm is gelatinous, around 70 DPP （days post-pollination）. It then has an average length of 1.00 mm. At 126 DPP, the embryo has finished growing and measures 2.82 mm on average. This length also remains stable until 168 DPP （3.04 mm）. In perspective, a detailed follow-up of the development of the zygote from the pollination to 100 DPP is proposed. In parallel, the analysis of the chemical composition of the endosperm between 100 DPP and 168 DPP is necessary. These two complementary studies will allow to better specifying the benchmark of seed development in Elaeis guineensis var. dura.展开更多
In this study, the multivariate tools, namely principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis, were used to classify and measure the pattern of genetic diversity and evaluate the correlation of nine oil palm...In this study, the multivariate tools, namely principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis, were used to classify and measure the pattern of genetic diversity and evaluate the correlation of nine oil palm traits in 25 progenies. Fresh fruit bunch weight （FFB）, kernel to fruit （K/F） and kemel to bunch （K/B） ratios showed significant variance, while bunch number （BN）, kernel yield （KY） and oil yield （OY） showed little variance. Positive significant correlation between these traits and yield was appreciated through PCA, where 90.55% of the variation was explained by the first three principal components. Progeny grouping was performed and revealed three clusters of oil palm progenies. Cluster I contained progenies with high production of FFB, BN, OY and KY, while low height increment （HI） of palm trees was found in cluster II. However, most of progenies with high mean values of bunch spikelet weight （SpW）, average fruit weight （AFW）, K/F and K/B were grouped in cluster III. This grouping could help oil palm breeders to identify progenies with the traits of interest for breeding and commercial seed production.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7and Vero cell.Methods:In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in by MTT assay.Cell morphological changes were observed by using l...Objective:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7and Vero cell.Methods:In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in by MTT assay.Cell morphological changes were observed by using light microscope.Results:The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7.Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure with lilaeis guineensis extract were observed under phase contrast microscope in the dose dependent manner.Conclusions:The results suggest the probable use of the Elaeis guineensis methanol extract in preparing recipes for cancer-related ailments.Further studies on isolation of metabolites and their in vivo cytotoxicity are under investigation.展开更多
An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using...An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using mercury thermometer, the pH of the medium was monitored with calibrated pH meter and the titratable acidic was determined using standard technique. The microbial profile of the medium was also evaluated using standard procedures. The highest temperature value was observed at day 0 (32.65°C) and the lowest at day 1 (29.50°C). The pH values of the fermentation oil palm fruit waste ranged between 4.15 - 4.60. The highest pH value was obtained at day 3 of the fermentation which was 4.60. The titratable acidity showed variation from day 0 - 2 and then with a continuous decrease till day 5. The least titratable acidity was obtained at day 5 (0.03) and the highest at day 2 (0.77). Bacteria load decreases from 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> - 1.6 × 10<sup>7 </sup>cfu/ml, while the fungi population increases from day 0 to day 5 of the fermentation period (1 × 10<sup>3</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>4 </sup>sfu/ml). Bacterial isolates obtained were Micrococcus leteus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Baccillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates obtained were Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Brachysporium spp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be concluded that oil palm waste fermentation is an acidic fermentation that involved mesophiles microbes. And with these, several tons of oil palm epicarp waste can be optimally fermented (though with further research) and used for other purposes thereby reducing environmental pollution that would have resulted leaving this oil palm fruit waste in the environment.展开更多
Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,a...Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.展开更多
文摘This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three genotypes.of E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.
文摘The place of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., in the market for fats of vegetable commodities makes it a strategic plant which requires continuous improvement. In this context, it seems appropriate to better describe the effects of the Sh gene in the developing fruit. This study aims to set a benchmark for the development of the seed in the natural palm （Elaeis guineensis var. dura） Thus the growth and development of the two major seed tissues were monitored every two weeks from pollination to maturity of the fruit. The results show that the endosperm is still liquid six weeks after pollination. It then begins an accelerated development which leads it, 11 weeks later, to completely fill the seed cavity, with an average mass of 0.81 g. This mass remains stable until the maturity of the fruit. The embryo is only visible when the endosperm is gelatinous, around 70 DPP （days post-pollination）. It then has an average length of 1.00 mm. At 126 DPP, the embryo has finished growing and measures 2.82 mm on average. This length also remains stable until 168 DPP （3.04 mm）. In perspective, a detailed follow-up of the development of the zygote from the pollination to 100 DPP is proposed. In parallel, the analysis of the chemical composition of the endosperm between 100 DPP and 168 DPP is necessary. These two complementary studies will allow to better specifying the benchmark of seed development in Elaeis guineensis var. dura.
文摘In this study, the multivariate tools, namely principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis, were used to classify and measure the pattern of genetic diversity and evaluate the correlation of nine oil palm traits in 25 progenies. Fresh fruit bunch weight （FFB）, kernel to fruit （K/F） and kemel to bunch （K/B） ratios showed significant variance, while bunch number （BN）, kernel yield （KY） and oil yield （OY） showed little variance. Positive significant correlation between these traits and yield was appreciated through PCA, where 90.55% of the variation was explained by the first three principal components. Progeny grouping was performed and revealed three clusters of oil palm progenies. Cluster I contained progenies with high production of FFB, BN, OY and KY, while low height increment （HI） of palm trees was found in cluster II. However, most of progenies with high mean values of bunch spikelet weight （SpW）, average fruit weight （AFW）, K/F and K/B were grouped in cluster III. This grouping could help oil palm breeders to identify progenies with the traits of interest for breeding and commercial seed production.
基金supported by USM Incentive Grant(GrantNumber:2009/167)from Universiti Sains Malaysia
文摘Objective:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7and Vero cell.Methods:In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in by MTT assay.Cell morphological changes were observed by using light microscope.Results:The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7.Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure with lilaeis guineensis extract were observed under phase contrast microscope in the dose dependent manner.Conclusions:The results suggest the probable use of the Elaeis guineensis methanol extract in preparing recipes for cancer-related ailments.Further studies on isolation of metabolites and their in vivo cytotoxicity are under investigation.
文摘An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using mercury thermometer, the pH of the medium was monitored with calibrated pH meter and the titratable acidic was determined using standard technique. The microbial profile of the medium was also evaluated using standard procedures. The highest temperature value was observed at day 0 (32.65°C) and the lowest at day 1 (29.50°C). The pH values of the fermentation oil palm fruit waste ranged between 4.15 - 4.60. The highest pH value was obtained at day 3 of the fermentation which was 4.60. The titratable acidity showed variation from day 0 - 2 and then with a continuous decrease till day 5. The least titratable acidity was obtained at day 5 (0.03) and the highest at day 2 (0.77). Bacteria load decreases from 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> - 1.6 × 10<sup>7 </sup>cfu/ml, while the fungi population increases from day 0 to day 5 of the fermentation period (1 × 10<sup>3</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>4 </sup>sfu/ml). Bacterial isolates obtained were Micrococcus leteus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Baccillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates obtained were Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Brachysporium spp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be concluded that oil palm waste fermentation is an acidic fermentation that involved mesophiles microbes. And with these, several tons of oil palm epicarp waste can be optimally fermented (though with further research) and used for other purposes thereby reducing environmental pollution that would have resulted leaving this oil palm fruit waste in the environment.
文摘Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.
