Dyslipidemia： evidence of efficacy of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in the elderly

The clinical decision to control risk factors for cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the elderly takes the followings into consideration： （1） the elderly life expectancy; （2） the elderly biological age and functional capacity; （3） the role of cardiovascular disease in the elderly group; （4） the prevalence of risk factors in the elderly; and （5） The effectiveness of treatment of risk factors in the elderly. A large number of studies showed the efficacy of secondary and primary prevention of dyslipidemia in the elderly. However, the only trial that included patients over 80 years was the Heart Protection Study （HPS）. Statins are considered the first line therapy for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Because lifestyle changes are very difficult to achieve, doctors in general tend to prescribe many drugs to control cardiovascular risk factors. However, healthy food consumption remains a cornerstone in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention and should be implemented by everyone.

天津市老年心血管病患者的膳食调查分析

２０９例老年高血压病、冠心病患者的膳食调查。结果提示：受检者每日摄入的供能营养素比例失衡，蛋白质平均６６ｇ／ｄ每日每公斤体重０．８８ｇ／ｄ，其中优质蛋白占２９．２％±ＳＤ２３．９，日供能量占总能量的１３．２％。脂肪平均６３ｇ／ｄ，动物脂肪占５３．８％±ＳＤ１７．９，日供能量占２８．４％。碳水化合物平均２９０．９ｇ／ｄ，日供能量占５８．３％。碳水化合物：蛋白：脂肪的比值为４．４：１：１．０４。蛋白偏低，脂肪超量，总能量为推荐量的９９．７３％。非供能营养素维生素Ａ钙、锌、膳食纤维素普遍不足，胆固醇、钠盐普遍超量。形成营养素不平衡的主要原因是饮食习惯不良。