Effect of Nalmefene on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Elderly Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery with One Lung Ventilation

The intravenous use of nalmefene has been found to exert neuroprotective effect in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and acute cerebral infarction;nonetheless,it is unknown whether nalmefene alleviates delayed neurocognitive recovery.Our purpose of the current research was to clarify the impact of nalmefene on delayed neurocognitive recovery in aged patients experiencing video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)with intraoperative use of one lung ventilation(OLV).The present study involved 120 paticents undergoing selective VATS,randomized to accept low-dose nalmefene(N1 group,n=40),high-dose nalmefene(N2 group,1n=40)or equal volume of physiologic saline(control group,1=40).A battery of neuropsychological tests were used to estimate cognitive function I day before surgery(o)and 10 days after surgery or before discharge(t).Regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO2)was detected 5 min before induction(t),5 min after induction(1),15 and 60 min after onset of OLV(62 and 13),and 15 min after termination of OLV(4).The plasma values of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a1 and adiponectin(ADP)were also detected prior to induction of anesthesia(T0),1 h,2 h and 6 h after surgery(TI,T2,T3).On 1,delayed neurocognitive recovery occurred in 5/40(12.5%)patients of NI group,in 5/40(12.5%)patients of N2 group and in 13/40(32.5%)patients of control group(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences in rSO2 among three groups at different time points.At Tl,T2 and T3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a values significantly increased and ADP value significantly decreased(P<0.05)in control group.In contrast,at TI,T2 and T3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a values decreased and ADP value decreased less in N1 and N2 groups(P<0.05).At TI,T2 and T3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a concentrations presented a trend of N2 group<N1 group<control group and ADP presented a trend of N2 group>Nl group>control group(P<0.05).The result of our present research supports the hypothesis that the perioperative intravenous treatment with nalmefene to VATS with OLV ameliorates postoperative cognitive function and decreases the incidence of delayed neurocognitive recovery,most likely by suppression of inflammatory responses.

Influence of preoperative comprehensive education on anxiety,depression,pain,and sleep in elderly patients operated under general anesthesia

BACKGROUND Owing to the particularities of their physical characteristics,older patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia experience great surgical traumas.Thus,exploring more refined and individualized nursing approaches is an urgent need to mitigate the negative effects of surgery on such patients.AIM To analyze the influence of preoperative comprehensive education on anxiety,depression,pain,and sleep in older patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia.METHODS In total,163 older adults who underwent surgery under general anesthesia between June 2022 and November 2023 were selected,77 of them received routine nursing care(control group),and 86 received preoperative comprehensive education(research group).Subsequently,comparative analyses were performed from the following perspectives:Surgical indicators(operation time,time to complete regain of consciousness,and temperature immediately after the procedure and upon recovery from anesthesia)before and after nursing care;negative emotions[self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)/self-rating depression scale(SDS)];pain severity[visual analog scale(VAS)];sleep quality[Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)];incidence of sleep disturbances(difficulties in falling asleep for the first time,falling asleep again after waking up frequently at night,falling asleep again after waking up early,and falling asleep all night);and incidence of adverse events(airway obstruction,catheter detachment,aspiration,and asphyxia).RESULTS The research group had significantly lower operation time and time to complete regain of consciousness than the control group after nursing care and markedly better recovery of postoperative body temperature and body temperature at awakening.In addition,more notable decreases in SAS,SDS,VAS,and PSQI scores were observed in the research group than in the control group.Furthermore,the incidence rate of sleep disturbance(8.14%vs 29.87%)and adverse events(4.65%vs 19.48%)were lower in the research group than in the control group.CONCLUSION Preoperative comprehensive education in older patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia can improve postoperative indicators,effectively reduce the occurrence of anxiety and depression,alleviate postoperative pain,and improve sleep quality.

胸外科老年患者术后谵妄的临床分析

目的:分析胸外科老年患者术后谵妄(POD)的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:对388例老年非心脏择期手术患者应用ICU谵妄诊断的意识状态评估法(CAM-ICU)进行POD评定,对肺部疾病组、食管疾病组及纵隔疾病组的POD发生率进行比较,并对食管疾病组中各危险因素进行分析。结果:食管疾病组POD的发生率为26.4%,明显高于肺部疾病组的7.0%和纵隔疾病组的2.3%。术前合并糖尿病、既往脑血管病史、手术时间长、术后中心静脉置管、术后鼻胃管留置时间长、术后鼻十二指肠管留置时间长以及术后SICU住院时间长是食管疾病患者POD的独立危险因素。结论:在胸外科老年病人的非心脏择期手术中,食管疾病患者POD的发生率显著高于其他疾病患者。术前合并糖尿病、既往脑血管病史的食管疾病患者是术后谵妄的易感人群,缩短手术时间、减少术后体内各管道的留置时间及SICU的住院时间可能会降低术后谵妄的发生率。

超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞在老年肺癌患者开胸手术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合吸入麻醉在老年肺癌患者开胸手术中的应用.方法 选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行肺癌开胸手术老年患者80例,随机分为静吸复合麻醉组（A组）和吸入麻醉联合超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞组（B组）.记录入室（T0）,切皮时（T1）,开胸时（T2）,开胸后5 min（T3）、10 min（T4）、30 min（T5）、60 min（T6）,拔管时（T7）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脑电双频指数（BIS）;记录停药后患者麻醉药的用量、自主呼吸恢复时间、吞咽时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间及镇静程度评分（Ramsay）.结果 A、B两组的血压（BP）、MAP、HR、BIS仅在T7时间点比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,A组患者麻醉药用量明显多于B组;停药后B组围苏醒时间短、躁动发生率低.结论 超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合吸入麻醉用于老年肺癌患者开胸手术麻醉安全有效,能明显减少术中麻醉药用量,且术后苏醒质量较好.