A Study on the Effectiveness of Decitabine Combined with a Half-Dose Priming Regimen in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of combining decitabine with a half-dose priming regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Methods:This study was conducted in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022.Sxty patients were recruited as the research subects.The patients received different treatments and were randomly divided into two groups,with 30 cases in each group,one of which was treated with conventional priming regimen(control group),and the other was treated with decitabine combined with a half-dose priming regimen(study group).The two groups were compared and analyzed in terms of the effectiveness of treatment.Results:The rate of symptom relief in the study group was 96.67%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(76.67%)(p<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the quality-of-life scores between the two groups,with p>0.05.The patients in the study group had sigificantly longer discase free survival and overall survival than those in the control group,with p<0.05.The effectiveness of treatment in the study group was also better.Conclusion:The use of decitabine im combination with a half dose priming regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid lcukemia is effective in improving patients'quality of life,relieving symptoms.and prolonging their survival.

Clinical Efficacy of Decitabine/Azacitidine in Combination with HAG in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical effect of combining decitabine/azacitidine with HAG in the treatment of single elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Patients in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were selected for this study from January 2020 to January 2022,and all of the patients were elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Around 23 patients were selected for this study,subsequently the patients were divided into two groups;Group A contained 11 patients and was given decitabine in combination with HAG;and Group B contained 12 patients,and was given azacitidine in combination with HAG.This study showed that the treatment effective rates of patients in both groups were 90.91%and 58.33%,respectively,with a small difference(p>0.05)in the data comparison.The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was 63.64%and 16.67%,respectively,with the incidence in group B is significantly(p<0.05)lower compared with group A.Meanwhile,compared with group B,patients in group A had a significantly(p<0.05)shorter mean time to WBC normalization,higher HB and PLT levels,lower WBC levels were lower,all the survival duration times were longer,and subpopulation indicators of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were more in line with normal values.In summary,this study demonstrated that the combination of azacitidine and HAG therapies for the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia is more effective,furthermore can reduce significantly the incidence of adverse treatment effects in patients.

Comparing Arsenic-Containing Qinghuang Powder and Low-Intensity Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective To compare the clinical effect of arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder(QHP)and low-intensity chemotherapy(LIC)in treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia(eAML)patients.Methods Clinical data of 80 eAML patients treated at Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The treatment scheme was designed by real world study according to patients’preference,and patients were divided into a QHP group(35 cases)and a LIC group(45 cases).The median overall survival(mOS),1-,2-,and 3-year OS rates,and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results The mOS of 80 patients was 11 months,and the 1-,2-,and 3-year OS rates were 45.51%,17.96%,and 11.05%,respectively.The QHP and LIC groups demonstrated no significant difference in mOS(12 months vs.10 months),1-(48.57%vs.39.65%),2-(11.43%vs.20.04%),and 3-year OS rates(5.71%vs.13.27%,all P>0.05).Moreover,the related factors of mOS demonstrated no significant difference in patients with age>75 years(11 months vs.8 months),secondary AML(11 months vs.8 months),poor genetic prognosis(9 months vs.7 months),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score≥(10 months vs.7 months)and hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index≥4(11 months vs.7 months)between the QHP and LIC groups(all P>0.05).However,the incidence of myelosuppression was significantly lower in the QHP group than that in the LIC group(28.57%vs.73.33%,P<0.01).Conclusions QHP and LIC had similar survival rates in eAML patients,but QHP had a lower myelosuppression incidence.Hence,QHP can be an alternative for eAML patients who do not tolerate LIC.

Clinical Effects of Venetoclax in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Elderly

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of venetoclax in the treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: 50 cases of elderly AML patients receiving venetoclax for treatment in the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected, including 38 cases of patients whose primary treatment was not suitable for intensive chemotherapy and 12 cases of relapsed/refractory AML patients, to observe the therapeutic efficacy and safety of venetoclax. Results: Among the 38 patients whose primary treatment was not suitable for intensive chemotherapy, 5 cases were treated with venetoclax monotherapy, 33 cases were treated with venetoclax + azacitidine, and 25 patients (65.79%) achieved complete remission (CR) with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) after 28 days of treatment;10 patients with relapsed/refractory AML were treated with venetoclax + azacitidine, and 2 patients were treated with venetoclax + azacitidine + chemotherapy, and 2 patients achieved optimal therapeutic response after 28 days of treatment and CR/CRi was achieved in 7 patients (58.33%). There were 47 (94.0%) patients with grade 3 or higher granulocytopenia, 46 (92.0%) patients with hemoglobin reduction, and 43 (86.0%) patients with thrombocytopenia, developed after 28 days of treatment. 11 patients developed infections after treatment and there was one case of tumor lysis syndrome. Conclusion: The response rate of venetoclax monotherapy and combination in elderly AML induction therapy is high, and the overall tolerability of elderly patients is good, so it can be popularized and applied.

A phase Ⅳ study of homoharringtonine, cytarabine, aclacinomycin and G-CSF(HCAG) regimen compared with traditional IA regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients

Objective · To compare the efficacy and prognostic factors of HCAG regimen with traditional IA regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients. Methods · Forty-one patients with AML(aged 55-71 years) were randomly divided into two groups(Group HCAG and Group IA) between 2014 and 2016 for induction and consolidation therapy. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify prognostic factors for relapse-free survival(RFS). Results · A total of 29 patients(70.7%) achieved complete remission(CR). The estimated 2-year overall survival(OS) was 66.8% in Group HCAG and 75.4% in Group IA(P=0.913). The estimated 2-year RFS was 61.8% in Group HCAG and 49.1% in Group IA(P=0.411). Age remained as the unfavorable prognostic factor, leading to significant differences in OS and RFS. In addition, RFS was influenced by cytogenetic/molecular risk stratification. Conclusion · Although HCAG seemed not to particularly benefit the group, the dose reduction of anthracyclines may be applied in elderly patients with comparable short-time outcome. Furthermore, the introduction of homoharringtonine resulted in an improvement of treatment response for more than 20% compared with CAG regimen.

Easily manageable prognostic factors in 152 Chinese elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients:a single-center retrospective study

We retrospectively investigated the prognostic factors of acute myeloid leukemia（AML） in 152 Chinese patients with de novo AML who were older than 60 years of age and who received treatment at our hospital.Log-rank test showed that 6 parameters including older age,higher white blood cell（WBC） counts,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and bone marrow（BM） blasts at diagnosis,unfavorable risk cytogenetics,and non-mutated CEBPα were significant adverse prognostic factors of overall survival（OS） for elderly AML patients（P = 0.0013,0.0358,0.0132,0.0242,0.0236 and 0.0130,respectively）.Moreover,older age and higher LDH were significant adverse predictors for relapse-free survival（RFS）（P = 0.0447 and 0.0470,respectively）.Univariate analysis revealed similar results for OS to those of the log-rank test and only higher LDH at diagnosis was a significant adverse predictor for RFS（P = 0.028,HR：1.979,95%CI：1.075-3.644）.In multivariate analysis,we identified 2 trends towards independent prognostic factors for OS,including BM blasts at diagnosis（P = 0.057,HR：1.676,95%CI：0.984-2.854）and mutation status of CEBPα（P = 0.064,HR：4.173,95%CI：0.918-18.966）.Our data indicated that older age,gender and a previous history of hematologic diseases resulted in lower complete remission rate（P = 0.012,0.051 and 0.086,respectively）.We further developed an easy scoring system for predicting prognosis and response to induction therapy in older AML patients.Patients who had lower scores showed significantly longer OS and RFS（P = 0.0006 and 0.1001,respectively） and higher CR rate（P = 0.014）.Our research is limited by its retrospective nature and the results from our study need to be further validated by prospective randomized clinical trials.

Treatment patterns and a prognostic scoring system for elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients:a retrospective multicenter cohort study in China

Objective:Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is primarily a malignant disorder affecting the elderly.We aimed to compare the outcomes of different treatment patterns in elderly AML patients and to propose a prognostic scoring system that could predict survival and aid therapeutic decisions.Methods:Patients aged≥60 years who had been diagnosed with AML at 7 hospitals in China were enrolled(n=228).Treatment patterns included standard chemotherapy,low intensity therapy,and best supportive care(BSC).Results:The early mortality rates were 31%,6.8%,and 6.3%for the BSC,low intensity therapy,and standard chemotherapy groups,respectively.The complete remission rate of the standard chemotherapy group was higher than that of the low intensity therapy group.The median overall survival(OS)was 561 days and 222 days for the standard chemotherapy and low intensity therapy groups,respectively,and were both longer than that of the BSC group(86 days).Based on multivariate analyses,we defined a prognostic scoring system that enabled classification of patients into 3 risk groups,in an attempt to predict the OS of patients receiving chemotherapies and low intensity therapies.Low and intermediate risk patients benefited more from standard chemotherapies than from low intensity therapies.However,the median OS was comparable between standard chemotherapies and low intensity therapies in high risk patients.Conclusions:Our prognostic scoring system could predict survival and help select appropriate therapies for elderly AML patients.Standard chemotherapy is important for elderly AML patients,particularly for those categorized into low and intermediate risk groups.

Age is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia in Japan

AIM: To elucidate risk factors for survival of elderly acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients in a real-world practice by observational study. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study in 213 adult and elderly AML patients(127 males and 86 females) in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. To construct this cohort, we gathered all data for patients diagnosed with AML at 7 hospitals in Kagawa between 2006 and 2010. The primary end point was overall survival(OS) after AML diagnosis. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival plots were used to determine OS in the overall cohort. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the independent adverse prognostic factors for OS, with the covariates of interest including age, gender, race/ethnicity, CCI, education, median income, metropolitan statistical area size and history of myelodysplastic syndrome.RESULTS: The average population of Kagawa during the study period was 992489, and the incidence of AML was 4.26 per 100000 person-years. A total of 197 patients with non-acute promyelocytic leukemia(non-APL)(119 males and 78 females) were also included. The median age of non-APL patients was 70 years(average 67, range 24-95). The 5-year OS rate was 21.1%. Subsequent analysis by age group showed that the survival rate declined with age; the 5-year OS rates of non-APL patients younger than 64 years, 65-74 years, and older than 75 years were 41.5%, 14.1%, and 8.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that unfavorable risk karyotype, older age, poor performance status(PS)(3-4), lack of induction chemotherapy, and antecedent haematological disease were independent prognostic predictors. In the subgroup analysis, we also found that older patients with non-APL had lower complete remission rates and higher early death rates than younger patients, irrespective of PS. However, intensive chemotherapy was a significant predictor for longer survival not only in the patients < 75 years of age, but also in those over 75 with PS 0-2. CONCLUSION: Age would contribute considerable life expectancy to indicate induction chemotherapy with eligible dose of cytotoxic drugs for a favorable case even in advanced elderly.

维奈克拉联合阿扎胞苷治疗不耐受强化疗的初治老年急性髓系白血病的临床疗效

目的:总结35例不耐受强化疗的初治老年急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)的临床特点,评估维奈克拉(venetoclax,VEN)联合阿扎胞苷(azacytidine,AZA)的疗效及安全性。方法:纳入本院2021年2月至2022年3月间诊断的35例不耐受强化疗的初治老年AML患者,接受VEN+AZA诱导治疗,回顾性分析其临床特征、VEN+AZA诱导的缓解情况及治疗安全性。结果:患者中位年龄68岁,继发AML 9例。所有患者均完成骨髓细胞遗传学及分子生物学评估,其中低危患者10例,中危12例,高危13例。常见的基因突变为DNA甲基转移酶3A(DNA methyltransferase 3A,DNMT3A)(11例)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶1/2(isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2,IDH1/2)(11例)、TET癌基因家族成员2(ten⁃eleven translocation 2,TET2)(9例)、核仁磷酸蛋白1(nucleophosmin 1,NPM1)(8例)、Fms⁃样酪氨酸激酶3⁃内部串联重复(Fms⁃related tyrosine kinase 3⁃internal tandem duplication,FLT3⁃ITD)(6例)。总完全缓解(complete remission,CR)率65.7%(23例),NPM1、FLT3⁃ITD、IDH1/2突变患者CR率分别为87.5%、66.7%、72.7%。CR患者中总微小残留病变(minimal residual disease,MRD)阴性率73.9%。中位随访时间10.1个月,中位无事件生存(event⁃free survival,EFS)期11.3个月。缓解患者中,相比于MRD阳性患者,MRD阴性患者EFS及总生存(overall survival,OS)期更长(P<0.05)。早期死亡率5.7%,治疗过程中最常见的不良反应为血液学毒性(3~4级中性粒细胞减少31.4%、3~4级血小板减少25.7%、中性粒细胞减少性发热48.6%)及肺部感染(17.1%)。结论:VEN+AZA在不耐受强化疗的初治老年AML中治疗的总缓解率较高。NPM1突变可能提示更高缓解率。MRD转阴患者EFS期及OS期较MRD阳性患者延长,死亡风险下降。VEN+AZA是目前不能耐受强化疗的初治老年AML重要的治疗选择之一。

Arsenic-Containing Qinghuang Powder(青黄散)Is An Alternative Treatment for Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Refusing Low-Intensity Chemotherapy

Objective:To analyze the overall survival(OS)of elderly acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder(青黄散,QHP)or low-intensity chemotherapy(LIC).Methods:Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC(1 month for each course,at least 3 courses)or oral QHP(3 months for each course,at least 2 courses)were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017.The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-,2-,3-year OS rates of patients,respectively.And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression,digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed.Results:Out of 42 elderly AML patients,22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment,according to patients'preference.There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients(13.0 months vs.13.5 months,P>0.05).There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year(59.1%vs.70.0%),2 years(13.6%vs.15%),and 3 years(4.6%vs.5.0%,all P>0.05).Furthermore,there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status>2(12 months vs.12 months),age>75 year-old(12.0 months vs.12.5 months),hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index>2(12 months vs.13 months),poor cytogenetics(12 months vs.8 months),and diagnosis of secondary AML(10 months vs.14 months)between LIC and QHP patients(P>0.05).Conclusion:QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.

沙利度胺联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病患者有效性与安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价沙利度胺联合阿克拉霉素、粒细胞集落刺激因子与阿糖胞苷(CAG)方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的疗效与安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网、Sino Med、PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science,检索时限为数据库建库至2023年8月27日。收集沙利度胺联合CAG方案(试验组)对比CAG方案(对照组)治疗老年AML患者的临床随机对照试验,对纳入的研究采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入7项临床随机对照试验,共计601例患者,其中试验组307例、对照组294例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组在提升总有效率[Z=4.75,P<0.00001,OR=2.80,95%CI(1.83,4.28)]、完全缓解率[Z=2.82,P=0.005,OR=1.61,95%CI(1.16,2.25)],改善血小板计数[Z=2.70,P=0.007,MD=64.02,95%CI(17.53,110.51)]、血管内皮生长因子水平[Z=13.63,P<0.00001,MD=-65.17,95%CI(-74.54,-55.80)]、血管内皮生长因子受体水平[Z=12.03,P<0.00001,MD=-499.01,95%CI(-580.31,-417.71)]、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平[Z=4.17,P<0.0001,MD=-0.23,95%CI(-0.35,-0.12)]等方面均显著优于对照组,不良反应发生率[Z=0.99,P=0.32,OR=0.52,95%CI(0.14,1.89)]以及恶心呕吐[Z=1.06,P=0.29,OR=0.66,95%CI(0.30,1.43)]、便秘或腹泻[Z=0.92,P=0.36,OR=0.65,95%CI(0.26,1.63)]、嗜睡[Z=1.38,P=0.17,OR=0.57,95%CI(0.26,1.27)]、骨髓抑制[Z=0.88,P=0.38,OR=0.68,95%CI(0.28,1.62)]的发生率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论沙利度胺联合CAG方案治疗老年AML患者能显著增加疗效,且安全性较好。

低剂量阿扎胞苷联合减量HAG方案治疗老年低增生急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的:评价低剂量阿扎胞苷联合减量HAG方案(HHT、Ara-C、G-CSF)诱导治疗新诊断老年低增生急性髓系白血病患者的疗效及安全性。方法:将我院2019年01月至2023年01月收治的56例初诊的老年低增生急性髓系白血病患者的治疗进行回顾性分析,采用低剂量阿扎胞苷联合减量HAG方案诱导化疗,观察治疗效果并评价其安全性。结果:56例患者均完成2个疗程化疗,外周血象恢复后复查骨髓形态评估其疗效。其中达到完全缓解(complete remission,CR)的患者25例(44.6%),部分缓解(partial remission,PR)的患者11例(19.6%),未缓解(no remission,NR)的患者20例(35.7%),总有效率(overall remission rate,ORR)为64.3%(36/56)。56例患者均出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ级血液学毒性,中性粒细胞减少导致的感染及血小板减少引起的出血为主要并发症。恶心、呕吐、食纳减退、肝肾功能损害、心脏毒性等非血液学毒性均可耐受,未发生治疗相关死亡病例。性别、年龄、KPS评分对完全缓解率无明显影响(P>0.05)。不良细胞遗传学患者较正常细胞遗传学患者缓解率低,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:低剂量阿扎胞苷联合减剂量HAG方案治疗新诊断老年低增生急性髓系白血病患者疗效确切,缓解率较高,毒副作用可安全耐受。

评估在急性髓系白血病病例中使用维奈克拉、高三尖酯碱和地西他滨治疗后的延长生存率和患者健康-病例对照研究

目的急性髓系白血病(AML)是一个重要的治疗挑战,迫切需要延长生存期和提高患者健康状况的治疗方法。本研究旨在评估联合使用维奈克拉、高三尖酯碱和地西他滨治疗对AML患者生存率和健康状况的影响。方法在这项病例对照研究中,将50名AML患者分为两组:一组接受维奈克拉、高三尖酯碱和地西他滨治疗的研究组,以及一组接受标准护理的对照组。比较了两组之间的常规血液检测指标、临床疗效、不良反应和统计分析。结果研究组的临床应答率(88%)高于对照组(80%)。在所有类别中,研究组的不良反应较低,包括脱发、胃肠道反应、肝功能损害和肺部感染。统计分析结果显示,两组之间的常规血液检测指标和临床疗效的差异在统计学上并不显著,但在临床上具有相关性。结论研究结果表明,联合使用维奈克拉、高三尖酯碱和地西他滨的治疗方案可能能够提高AML患者的临床应答率,并减少不良反应。这些结果需要在更大规模、更全面的研究中进一步验证,以确立该治疗方法在AML管理中的作用。

阿扎胞苷联合Bcl-2抑制剂维奈克拉治疗老年急性髓系白血病患者的效果

目的分析阿扎胞苷联合Bcl-2抑制剂维奈克拉治疗老年急性髓系白血病的效果。方法抽取南阳市中心医院2018年12月至2022年12月收治的74例老年急性髓系白血病患者,依据掷硬币法分为研究组和对照组,各37例。对照组采用DA方案治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上加用阿扎胞苷、Bcl-2抑制剂维奈克拉。对比两组临床效果、血液指标(骨髓细胞原始比例、血小板计数、血红蛋白)、免疫功能(T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+))、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、不良反应情况、生活质量(QOL)评分。结果研究组疾病缓解率较对照组高(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组骨髓细胞原始比例较对照组少,血小板计数、血红蛋白较对照组高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、IFN-γ、QOL评分较对照组高,TNF-α水平较对照组低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿扎胞苷联合Bcl-2抑制剂维奈克拉治疗老年急性髓系白血病,能调节免疫功能和炎症反应,可改善血液指标,提高疾病缓解率,能改善生活质量,且具有安全性。

EVI1 expression,clinical and cytogenetical characteristics in 447 patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Objective To investigate EVI1 expression and its associated clinical and cytogenetic characteristics in 447acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients.Methods EVI1expressions were measured in 447 AML cases from Jan.2007 to Apr.2015 to couple with clinical。

Efficacy and safety analysis of the combination of cladribine,cytarabine,granulocyte colony stimulating factor( CLAG ) regime in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

Objective To analyze efficacy and safety of CLAG regimen in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods Efficacy and adverse events of patients with refractory or relapsed AML who were treated with one course of CLAG from April 1st,2014 through December 9th,2015 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Results Thirty-three

患者参与控制联合前瞻性干预对急性髓系白血病经外周静脉穿刺的中心静脉导管置管化疗患者的效果

目的 探讨患者参与控制联合前瞻性干预对急性髓系白血病(AML)经外周静脉穿刺的中心静脉导管(PICC)置管化疗患者的效果。方法 前瞻性纳入2022年1月至2023年4月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院100例AML行PICC置管化疗患者,根据随机数字表法分为两组,各50例。对照组实施前瞻性干预,观察组实施患者参与控制联合前瞻性干预,干预6个月。比较两组置管前及置管6个月时自我护理能力、心理状态,记录两组并发症发生情况。结果 置管6个月时,两组自我护理能力量表评分均较置管前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。置管6个月时,两组焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评分均较置管前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 患者参与控制联合前瞻性干预可提高AML行PICC置管化疗患者自我护理能力,减轻负性情绪。

老年急性髓系白血病患者临床特征与预后分析

目的探讨老年急性髓系白血病(AML)的基因突变及预后因素。方法选取医院血液科2015年1月至2020年12月收治的年龄≥60岁的AML患者183例,将其中86例接受化学药物治疗(简称化疗)的患者分为标准化疗组(12例)和低强度化疗组(74例);采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应和DNA测序技术对133例患者行基因突变检测。分析患者基因突变情况及预后影响因素。结果患者的基因突变频率为88.72%(118/133),突变频率排名前5的基因分别为WT1(60.90%)、NPM1(22.56%)、IDH2(12.78%)、DNMT3A(10.53%)、FLT3-ITD(9.77%)。多(≥2个)基因突变频率为46.62%(62/133),常见的共存突变基因为WT1+NPM1(16.54%)、WT1+IDH2(9.02%)、WT1+FLT3-ITD(8.27%)、WT1+DNMT3A(7.52%)。WT1+FLT3-ITD及WT1+DNMT3A突变患者的中位生存期均显著短于WT1+NPM1突变患者(P<0.05)。低强度化疗组的完全缓解(CR)率和客观缓解(OR)率分别为49.02%和62.75%,高于标准化疗组的33.33%和50.00%(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁、难治、复发、诱导治疗1~2个疗程未达CR、FLT3-ITD突变是影响老年AML患者总生存期的独立不良预后因素。结论老年AML患者的基因突变频率较高,常存在共存突变,WT1合并FLT3-ITD或DNMT3A突变的患者总生存期短,多种因素可影响预后,诱导治疗选择低强度化疗可在一定程度上提高疗效。

去甲氧柔红霉素联合大剂量阿糖胞苷巩固治疗首次缓解的老年急性髓系白血病的疗效分析

目的:评估去甲氧柔红霉素联合大剂量阿糖胞苷作为老年急性髓系白血病(AML)患者缓解后治疗方案的疗效及安全性。方法:对2017年11月至2021年6月纳入的24例年龄≥60岁的初次诱导缓解的AML患者进行去甲氧柔红霉素联合大剂量阿糖胞苷的巩固化疗(去甲氧柔红霉素10 mg/m^(2),1次d1,静脉滴注;阿糖胞苷1.5 g/m^(2),q12h,静脉滴注持续3 h,d1-3),观察疗效及安全性。结果:24例患者中,男性12例,女性12例,中位年龄65(60-78)岁,中位随访时间为23.3(2-42.7)个月。至随访结点时,共有15例患者复发,11例患者死亡,中位无病生存期为9个月,2年无病生存3例,中位总生存期16.2个月,2年总生存4例。在安全性方面,有6例患者出现1-2级的非血液学不良反应,12例患者出现3-4级血液学不良反应,24例患者中共有6例患者在巩固化疗后出现感染。多因素分析结果显示,2个诱导疗程及遗传学风险高危是本次研究中老年AML患者无病生存期及总生存期的不利因素。结论:对于年龄≥60岁的AML患者,去甲氧柔红霉素联合大剂量阿糖胞苷作为首次缓解后的治疗方案具有较好的安全性,但是疗效与既往其他方案相当,该治疗方案仍需进一步探索。

DHA和DAE方案用于儿童急性髓系白血病诱导治疗远期疗效的对比分析

目的 对比分析柔红霉素+高三尖杉酯碱+阿糖胞苷(DHA)和柔红霉素+阿糖胞苷+依托泊苷(DAE)方案用于儿童急性髓系白血病诱导治疗的远期疗效。方法 选择2019年3月至2021年11月我院接诊的82例儿童急性髓系白血病患者进行研究。随机(按照随机数表法)均分为DHA组和DAE组,每组患者均为41例。DHA组采用如下治疗方法 :40-45mg/m^(2)柔红霉素,2-2.5mg/m^(2)高三尖杉酯碱,100-150mg/m^(2)阿糖胞苷静脉;DAE组采用如下的治疗方案:40-45mg/m^(2)柔红霉素,100-150mg/m^(2)阿糖胞苷;100mg/m^(2)依托泊苷。两种治疗方案的周期均为28天,保证连续治疗2个疗程,而且跟随观察2年。记录中性粒细胞、血红蛋白和血小板计数达到正常值时间等数据,以及在治疗阶段产生的不良反应,来进行比较两组患儿的远期疗效。结果 DHA组患者治疗临床结果 有效率(65.85%)明显高于DAE组患者(43.9 0%,P<0.05);DHA组患者的中性粒细胞、血红蛋白和血小板计数达到正常值的时间均短于DAE组(P<0.05);两组患者的不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 DHA方案在治疗儿童患者的急性髓系白血病方面的远期治疗效果方面,优于DAE方案,可以有效延长儿童患者的总生存时间,改善患者的身体水平,具有临床应用的参考价值,值得推广应用。