Effects of intravenous inhalational anesthesia on the hemodynamic homeostasis as well as postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immunity in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

Objective: To explore the effects of intravenous inhalational anesthesia on the hemodynamic homeostasis as well as postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immunity in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Methods: A total of 176 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture who received hip replacement in our hospital between July 2016 and June 2017 were divided into the total intravenous anesthesia group (n=86) and the intravenous inhalational anesthesia group (n=90) according to the anesthesia solution. The differences in introperative hemodynamic parameter levels as well as postoperative brain function index and Th1/Th2 cytokine contents were compared between the two groups. Results: During operation, hemodynamic parameters MAP and HR levels in intravenous inhalational anesthesia group were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group. 24 h after operation, serum brain function indexes MBP, S100B and NSE contents in intravenous inhalational anesthesia group were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group;serum Th1 cytokines IFN-γand IL-2 contents were higher than those in total intravenous anaesthesia group whereas Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 contents were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group. Conclusion: The intravenous inhalational anesthesia can effectively stabilize the intraoperative hemodynamics and reduce the postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immune function injury in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.

Control study of short-term curative effect of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using metal-on-metal large-diameter femoral head for the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients

Effect of early surgery in high surgical risk geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture and taking antiplatelet agents

AIM: To investigate the effect of early surgical intervention on the high surgical risk elderly patients who sustained femoral neck fracture(FNF) and taking concomitant antiplatelet agents. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2012, a prospective study was conducted on 49 geriatric patients, who took antiplatelet agents, sustained FNF and underwent surgery within 72 h [early surgery(ES) group], and these were compared with a retrospective consecutive case series of patients with similar characteristics(45 cases) who had delayed surgery(DS group) after 72 h during an earlier 3-year period. Postoperative outcomeswere followed for one year and compared. RESULTS: There were non-significant differences in perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion, intensive care unit requirement and postoperative mortality(P > 0.05 all). There were 2 patients(4%) in the DS group who died after surgery(P = 0.23). However, the ES group showed a significantly better postoperative outcome in terms of postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and functional outcome(P < 0.05 all).CONCLUSION: Early hip surgery in geriatric hip fracture patients with ongoing antiplatelet treatment was not associated with a significant increase of perioperative blood loss and postoperative mortality. Moreover, ES resulted in a better postoperative surgical outcome. In early hip surgery protocol, the antiplatelet agents are discontinued and the patient is operated on within 72 h after admission, which is safe and effective for the medically fit patients.

Periprosthetic joint infections in femoral neck fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty–should we use antibiotic-loaded bone cement?

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment in elderly patients with displaced intra-capsular femoral neck fracture(FNF).Prosthetic joint infection(PJI)is one of the most feared and frequent complications post-surgery because of the frail health status of these patients and the need for fast track surgery.Therefore,priorities should lie in effective preventive strategies to mitigate this burden.AIM To determine how much the implementation of the routine use of antibioticloaded bone cement(ALBC)as a relatively easy-to-apply amendment to the surgical practice reduces the infection rate in our hemiarthroplasty cohort.METHODS We retrospectively assessed all demographic,health status and treatment-related data of our FNF patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from 2011 to 2017;241 patients were further analyzed after exclusion of patients with cancer-related sequelae and those who died before the end of the 1-year observation period.The PJI rate as diagnosed on basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society(MSIS)criteria 2011 was determined for each included patient and compared in function of the bone cement used for hip stem fixation.Patients were split into a group receiving a plain bone cement in the period from January 2011 to June 2013(non-ALBC group)and into a group receiving an ALBC in the period July 2013 to December 2017(ALBC group).Data analysis was performed with statistical software.We further calculated the cost-efficacy of the implementation of routine use of ALBC in the second group balancing the inhospital infection related treatment costs with the extra costs of use of ALBC.RESULTS In total 241 FNF patients who received cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from January 2011 to January 2017 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study.There were 8 PJI cases identified in the ALBC group among n=94 patients,whereas 28 PJI cases were observed in the non-ALBC group among n=147 patients.The statistical analysis showed an infection risk reduction of 55.3%(in particular due to the avoidance of chronic delayed infections)in the ALBC group(95%CI:6.2%-78.7%;P=0.0025).The cost-evaluation analysis demonstrated a considerable cost saving of 3.500€per patient,related to the implementation of routine use of ALBC in this group.CONCLUSION Use of ALBC is a potent infection preventive factor in FNF patients receiving cemented hemiarthroplasties.It was further found to be highly cost-effective.

The VEGF production by dedifferentiated chondrocytes under synovial fluid stimulation from coxarthrosis and femoral neck fracture patients

Objective To investigate the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression level by chondrocytes isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in hip or femoral neck fracture (FNF) and explore the effect of synovial fluid from OA

Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: A critical analysis review

Femoral neck fractures account for nearly half of all hip fractures with the vast majority occurring in elderly patients after simple falls.Currently there may be sufficient evidence to support the routine use of hip replacement surgery for low demand elderly patients in all but non-displaced and valgus impacted femoral neck fractures.However for the physiologically young patients,preservation of the natural hip anatomy and mechanics is a priority in management because of their high functional demands.The biomechanical challenges of femoral neck fixation and the vulnerability of the femoral head blood supply lead to a high incidence of non-union and osteonecrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation are essentials in achieving the goals of treatment in this young patient population.Furthermore,other management variables such as surgical timing,the role of capsulotomy and the choice of implant for fixation remaincontroversial.This review will focus both on the demographics and injury profile of the young patient with femoral neck fractures and the current evidence behind the surgical management of these injuries as well as their major secondary complications.

比较OCM入路与改良Hardinge入路在半髋关节置换术中治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床效果

目的比较OCM入路与改良Hardinge入路在双极头半髋关节置换术中对高龄股骨颈骨折患者早期临床效果的差异。方法回顾性分析2021年3月至2022年12月期间江苏省丹阳市人民医院收治的105例高龄股骨颈骨折患者进行双极头半髋关节置换术的疗效。根据手术入路的不同,将患者分为OCM组(45例)和改良Hardinge组(60例)。评价指标包括手术一般情况(手术时间、切口长度、术后住院时间、下地时间),围手术期出血情况(术前血红蛋白,术中出血量,术后1、3 d的血红蛋白下降量及隐性失血量),血清学指标(肌酸激酶和C反应蛋白),VAS疼痛评分,Harris髋关节功能评分及并发症等关键指标。结果两组患者随访6~20个月,平均(11.02±2.72)个月。两组患者在手术时间、输血率上,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。OCM组的切口长度、术后住院时间、下地时间、术中出血量、术后血红蛋白下降量、隐性失血量、术后3 d的血清学指标和VAS评分,以及术后3个月内的Harris评分均显著优于改良Hardinge组(P<0.05)。但术后6周的VAS评分及6个月的Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未出现深静脉血栓形成、切口感染、脱位及神经损伤等严重并发症,两组的假体周围骨折、肌间静脉血栓、Trendelenburg步态、双下肢不等长的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于高龄股骨颈骨折患者,采用OCM入路双极头半髋关节置换术较改良Hardinge入路在减少手术创伤和加速术后恢复方面表现显著,有更优的早期临床效果,值得临床推荐。

神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨在股骨颈骨折患者中应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月桂林市中医医院收治的98例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各49例。对照组采用传统的腰硬联合麻醉,研究组采用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)和儿茶氨酚(CA)及不良反应。结果:两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组麻醉后15 min(T_(2))、麻醉后30 min(T_(3))时MAP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、T_(2)、T_(3)、手术结束后(T_(4))时HR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术中(Tb)时CA、Cor低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉能稳定血流动力学,缓解应激反应,具有良好的麻醉效果和较高的安全性。

髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折外科手术患者的临床研究

目的:观察髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折(FNF)外科手术患者的临床效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年10月于松滋市人民医院行FNF外科手术的101例患者作为研究对象,采用信封法随机分为对照组(50例)和观察组(51例)。对照组采用椎管内麻醉,观察组采用髂筋膜阻滞+椎管内麻醉。比较两组手术情况、术后恢复情况、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、应激指标、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分及并发症总发生率。结果:两组手术时间及术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组静脉镇痛泵24 h用药量、拔管时间以及术后首次下床时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6 h、术后24 h观察组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管后观察组三项应激指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组MMSE评分及PSQI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h观察组MMSE评分高于对照组,PSQI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组嗜睡、头晕、尿潴留、感染并发症总发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉用于FNF外科手术患者可增强镇痛效果,抑制应激反应,减小对患者认知功能、睡眠质量的影响,降低不良反应发生率。

老年髋部骨折术前等待时间对术后骨折愈合时间的影响

目的根据江苏大学附属句容医院临床收治的老年髋部骨折患者数据进行分析,来评估老年髋部骨折患者术前等待时间是否对术后骨折愈合时间有影响。方法通过收集2017年9月至2022年11月江苏大学附属句容医院老年髋部骨折的病例资料,筛选出确诊且接受手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者108例,根据术前等待时间不同,分为早期手术组(60例)和延期手术组(48例),分析两组患者的年龄,性别,住院时间,术后骨折愈合时间是否有区别。结果早期组骨折愈合时间上短于延期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的手术操作时间、手术中出血量、性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年髋部骨折患者应在骨折48 h内尽早接受手术,有助于缩短骨折愈合时间,从而减少并发症的发生。

右美托咪定在老年股骨转子间骨折术中的麻醉效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响

【目的】探讨右美托咪定应用于老年股骨转子间骨折术中的麻醉效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响。【方法】本院收治的78例老年股骨转子间骨折手术患者,随机分为两组,对照组采用丙泊酚麻醉镇静,观察组采用右美托咪定麻醉镇静。比较两组患者手术时间、镇静作用起效时间、术毕苏醒时间。比较两组患者麻醉前(T_(0))、麻醉后10 min(T_(1))、术毕(T_(2))、术后1 h(T_(3))的心率及平均动脉压;比较术前、术后3 d简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分及血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(COR)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。【结果】两组患者手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组镇静作用起效时间、术毕苏醒时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时的心率、平均动脉压低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3 d,观察组患者的MMSE评分与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者的MMSE评分低于术前(P<0.05);术后3 d,观察组患者的MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3 d,观察组血清NE、COR、MDA、SOD水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】右美托咪定麻醉用于老年股骨转子间骨折手术可以减轻患者认知功能损伤,且安全可靠。

股骨颈骨折手术应用全身麻醉与腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的效果比较

目的分析股骨颈骨折手术应用全身麻醉与腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法 70例股骨颈骨折手术患者为研究对象,根据麻醉方式分为观察组(35例)和对照组(35例)。对照组术中实施全身麻醉,观察组术中利用腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、苏醒时间、语言功能恢复时间、术后镇痛情况、不良反应发生情况及血流动力学指标。结果 观察组患者麻醉总有效率97.14%高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。观察组患者苏醒时间(3.39±2.22)min、语言功能恢复时间(6.86±2.39)min短于对照组的(10.26±2.28)、(15.33±2.74)min,镇痛评分(2.44±0.67)分低于对照组的(5.18±0.72)分(P<0.05)。麻醉前,两组平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度无差异(P>0.05);麻醉后、手术中、手术毕,两组平均动脉压、血氧饱和度均较麻醉前降低,心率均较麻醉前升高,但观察组患者平均动脉压、血氧饱和度均高于对照组,心率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率5.71%低于对照组的25.71%(P<0.05)。结论 股骨颈骨折患者手术中采用腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的效果远优于全身麻醉的效果,其可以稳定血流动力学指标,同时安全性较高,镇痛效果较为理想。

营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系研究

目的探究营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数(FSI)和骨髓脂质分数(LF)与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月于原阳县中心医院接受治疗的髋部骨折手术老年患者160例为研究对象。根据患者髋关节功能恢复情况进行分组,恢复良好患者87例纳入良好组,恢复不良患者73例纳入不良组。对比两组患者一般资料、营养状况、骨代谢及FSI和LF。结果良好组年龄≥75岁比例、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、股骨粗隆间骨折比例、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白N端肽(NTX)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TPACP-5b)水平表达均低于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);良好组微型营养评定(MNA)评分、FSI、LF、骨钙蛋白(BGP)水平表达均高于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析,MNA评分、LF、FSI、NTX、TPACP-5b、BGP水平表达均为影响老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,MNA评分、FSI、LF、NTX、TPACP-5b水平表达均对老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况有较高的预测价值,曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.936、0.874、0.866、0.884、0.825;BGP水平表达的AUC值为0.634,可作为次要参考。结论观察行髋部骨折手术的老年患者术后营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数的变化情况,有利于早期预测患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况,从而制定相应防控措施,帮助患者早日康复。

超声引导坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对老年股骨颈骨折患者全身麻醉的效果

目的探讨超声引导坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对老年股骨颈骨折患者全身麻醉的效果。方法选取收治的90例老年股骨颈骨折患者,用随机数字表法将入组患者分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。对照组予以全身麻醉(芬太尼、依托咪酯和罗库溴铵),观察组在对照组麻醉的基础上复合超声引导坐骨神经阻滞。记录2组患者的拔管时间、麻醉苏醒时间和住院时间以及围手术期心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和经皮血氧饱和度(transcutaneous oxygen saturation,SPO_(2));用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和临床镇静评分表(Ramsay Sedation Score,Ramsay评分)评估患者术后不同时间点的疼痛和镇静效果;术后用Steward苏醒评分及简易精神状态评定量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评估患者的苏醒质量及认知功能,并记录患者不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者麻醉苏醒时间、住院时间及拔管时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);术前(t_(1))2组的HR、RR、MAP和SPO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义,术中15 min(t_(2))、术中30 min(t_(3))和术毕时(t_(4))时观察组的HR、RR、MAP和SPO_(2)水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后2、12、24 h,观察组的VAS及Ramsay评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组MMSE和Steward评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(8.88%)与对照组(15.56%)比较差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉应用于老年股骨颈骨折患者麻醉效果较好,可起到良好的镇痛、镇静作用,有利于维持血流动力学稳定,提高患者的苏醒质量,降低对认知功能的损伤,促进术后恢复。

脑电双频谱指数指导下七氟烷吸入复合静脉麻醉对老年股骨颈骨折患者应激反应、苏醒质量及认知功能的影响

目的观察脑电双频谱指数(BIS)指导下七氟烷吸入复合静脉麻醉对老年股骨颈骨折患者应激反应、苏醒质量及认知功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年3月在江油市人民医院行人工髋关节置换术的113例老年股骨颈骨折患者临床资料,根据麻醉方案分为对照组(n=53,BIS指导下全凭静脉麻醉)和观察组(n=60,BIS指导下七氟烷吸入复合静脉麻醉)。比较2组应激反应[收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)水平、丙二醛(MDA)水平]、苏醒质量(自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间、苏醒时间)、认知功能、视觉模拟评分(VAS法)及并发症发生情况。结果2组插管即刻(T1)、切皮后10 min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的SBP、DBP、HR较麻醉诱导前(T0)降低(均P<0.05),但观察组T1、T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2组术后即刻、术后24 h、术后72 h的Cor、MDA水平较术前升高,但观察组术后即刻、术后24 h、术后72 h的Cor、MDA水平显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组自主呼吸、定向力恢复和苏醒时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后12 h MMSE得分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后4、6、12、24h的VAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05);2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论BIS指导下七氟烷吸入复合静脉麻醉可减轻老年股骨颈骨折手术患者术中应激反应,提高苏醒质量,改善术后认知功能,缓解术后疼痛,具有一定的临床应用价值。

老年股骨颈骨折护理进展的CiteSpace可视化分析

目的 对老年股骨颈骨折护理领域的相关文献进行可视化分析,为今后该领域的临床实践及护理研究工作提供借鉴与参考。方法 在中国知网(CNKI)数据库上检索“老年股骨颈骨折”AND“护理”的相关文献,检索时间段设置为2013年1月—2023年4月,语言限定为中文,将所有符合标准的文献以Refworks格式导出,以“download_XX”命名并保存至input文件夹中,利用CiteSpace软件进行数据格式转换并进行参数设置,时间跨度(time sliceing)为2013—2023年,时间切片(year per slice)为1年,图谱剪裁方式(pruning)以寻径网络(pathfi nder)进行结果视图的裁剪,以保证视图的可读性,其他参数均为默认值。使用Excel表格绘制年发文量的折线图;对年度发文量、发文作者、发文机构、关键词等进行可视化分析,形成网络分析图谱,并研究和解读图谱的相关内容。结果 最终纳入882篇文献,该领域近10年的发文量呈逐年上升趋势,2019年达到发文量122篇的高峰;发文量≥3篇的作者仅3名,内蒙古医科大学附属医院及云南省第一人民医院是该研究领域发文最多的机构,可见该领域的作者群体及研究机构联系都较为分散,缺乏合作。研究热点集中于老年人群、术后并发症、不同护理方式及模式等方面,研究趋势集中于心理状态、中医情志护理、术后康复、生活质量、满意度等方面。结论 随着人口老龄化趋势的不断加剧,老年股骨颈骨折的发病率日渐增高,及时关注该护理领域的研究热点及发展趋势,有利于推动临床实践的发展及护理科研的进步。

舒筋活血汤辅助髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折临床研究

目的:观察舒筋活血汤辅助髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取128例老年股骨颈骨折患者,以随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各64例。治疗期间,观察组、对照组均剔除2例,2组均有62例完成研究。2组均行髋关节置换术治疗。对照组术后给予西药治疗,并做好切口换药等护理工作。观察组在对照组基础上给予舒筋活血汤治疗。比较2组临床疗效、Harris评分、血液流变学指标及并发症发生率。结果:术后第35天,观察组总有效率96.77%,高于对照组87.10%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组Harris评分均较术后第1天升高,观察组Harris评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、纤维蛋白原水平均较术后第1天降低,观察组上述5项指标水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后35 d内,观察组并发症发生率6.45%,低于对照组19.35%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:舒筋活血汤辅助髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折疗效显著,对髋关节功能及血液流变学指标均有改善作用,并能减少术后并发症发生。

超声引导下股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对老年下肢骨折患者麻醉安全性及血浆皮质醇影响的研究

目的探讨对开展手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者采用超声引导下股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对麻醉安全性及血浆皮质醇的影响。方法通过随机数字表法将我院于2020年10月至2022年11月收治的老年下肢骨折患者88例分为两组(n=44)。两组均开展下肢骨折手术治疗,对照组和观察组分别采用腰硬联合麻醉和超声引导下股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组相关临床指标、T0、T1、T2的MAP和HR、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h疼痛(VAS评分)以及围术期血浆皮质醇水平。结果与对照组相比较,观察组感觉、运动神经阻滞起效、术后恢复排尿、下肢运动恢复时间均较短(P<0.05);与T 0时相比较,两组T 1、T 2时MAP水平下降,HR水平提升,且与对照组相比较,观察组MAP水平较低,HR水平较高(P<0.05);与对照组相比较,观察组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h VAS评分均较低(P<0.05);术后2 h、术后第3天两组血浆皮质醇水平相较于麻醉前均有所提高,但与对照组相比较,观察组血浆皮质醇水平提升幅度较小(P<0.05)。结论对进行手术的老年下肢骨折患者采用超声引导下股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉,能起到良好的麻醉效果的同时对患者血流动力学水平的影响较小,具有较高的安全性,同时在稳定患者围术期血浆皮质醇水平,降低患者术后疼痛方面具有积极意义。

腰硬联合麻醉与硬膜外麻醉在老年股骨颈骨折防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定患者中的效果对比

目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉对老年股骨颈骨折防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定患者的麻醉效果、认知功能及应激反应的影响。方法收集2019年2月至2022年10月在本院就诊的老年股骨颈骨折且行防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定术治疗患者68例,采用随机数字表法进行分组,即对照组、观察组,均34例。对照组患者采用硬膜外麻醉,观察组患者采用腰硬联合麻醉。统计两组患者麻醉效果、脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)、认知功能、应激反应相关指标、麻醉满意度、术后并发症发生率。结果观察组患者麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间短于对照组患者,观察组患者痛觉阻滞时间长于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(t=18.633、26.171、19.215,P<0.001);麻醉前,两组患者BIS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),麻醉后30min,观察组患者BIS评分高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(t=7.990,P<0.001)。麻醉前,两组患者认知功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术前、术后24h、48h,观察组患者认知功能评分高于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(t=6.263、3.593、4.071,P<0.001)。麻醉前,两组患者后应激反应相关指标Cor、NE、BG、Ang-Ⅱ水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后10h,两组患者应激反应相关指标Cor、NE、BG、Ang-Ⅱ水平均上升,组间比较,观察组患者应激反应相关指标Cor、NE、BG、Ang-Ⅱ水平均低于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.953,P<0.001;t=4.741,P<0.001;t=2.649,P=0.010;t=6.247,P<0.001)。观察组患者满意度97.06%显著高于对照组患者满意度79.41%,差异具有统计学意义(2=5.100,P=0.024)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率8.82%显著低于对照组患者并发症发生率35.29%,差异具有统计学意义(2=6.928,P=0.008)。结论腰硬联合麻醉用于老年股骨颈骨折防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定患者,可改善麻醉效果,降低术后认知功能异常及应激反应异常发生率,还可减少并发症发生率,值得在临床上广泛应用。

Comparison of Proximal Femoral Geometry and Risk Factors between Femoral Neck Fractures and Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures in an Elderly Chinese Population

Background： Few studies have investigated the differences in proximal femoral geometry and risk factors between patients with different types of hip fracture, especially in elderly Chinese. This study aimed to assess the differences in proximal femoral geometry parameters between patients with femoral neck fractures and patients with intertrochanteric fractures to provide guidance for individualized customized prosthesis and accurate reconstruction of proximal femurs in elderly Chinese patients. Methods： We retrospectively studied the electronic medical records of 198 elderly patients over 65 years of age who were admitted to the orthopedic department with hip fractures between January 2017 and December 2017 in The Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University. Age, fracture site, gender, and proximal femoral geometry parameters （.neck shaft angle [NSA], center edge angle [CEA], femoral head diameter [FHD], femoral neck diameter [FND], femoral neck axial length [FNAL], hip axial length [HAL], and femoral shaft diameter [FSD]） were recorded. Student＇s t-test was used to compare the continuous variables, Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables, and multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of hip fracture type. Results： Statistically significant differences in NSA （137.63 ± 4.56° vs. 132.07 ± 4.17°, t = 1.598, P 〈 0.001）, CEA （37.62 ± 6.77° vs. 43.11 ±7.09°, t = 5.597, P 〈 0.001 ）, FND （35.21 ± 3.25 mm vs. 34.09 ±3.82 mm, t = 2.233, P = 0.027）, and FNAL （99.30 ± 7.91 mm vs. 103.58± 8.39 ram, t = 3.715, P 〈 0.001 ） were found between the femoral neck fracture group and femoral intertrochanteric fracture group. FHD, FND, FSD, HAL, and FNAL were different between sexes （all P 〈 0.001 ）. The greater NSA was the risk factor for femoral neck fractures （,odds ratio [OR]： 0.70, P 〈 0.001 ）, greater CEA and longer FNAL were risk factors for femoral intertrochanteric fractures （OR： 1.15, 1.17, all P 〈 0.001）, and greater FND was a protective factor for femoral intertrochanteric fractures （OR： 0.74, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： We demonstrate differences in geometric morphological parameters of the proximal femur in different hip fracture types, as well as an effect of sex. These differences should he considered in the selection of prostheses for fracture internal fixation and hip replacements. These data could help guide the design of individualized customized prostheses and improve the accurate reconstruction of the proximal femur for elderly Chinese hip fracture patients.