Hyperuricemia predicted adverse outcomes in very elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Objective Elevated serum uric acid predicts poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.We aimed to examine associations between hyperuricemia and clinical outcomes among very elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF).Methods Elderly patients(≥80 years)with NVAF admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied and were followed up until April 2017.

Analysis of the Impact Factors on a Stable Warfarin Dose in Extreme Elderly (Age ≥ 80 Years) Chinese Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate non-genetic and genetic factors contributing to stable warfarin dose change in the extreme elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods: A total of 40 elderly patients with stable warfarin doses were included in this study. Clinical basic data, such as age, sex, body mass index, basic disease like hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease had been recorded. Two nucleotide polymorphisms about VKORC1-1639G^A and CYP2C9 1075A^C genes were detected via sequencing by hybridization. Results: The elderly patients with CYP2C9 1075A^C (CA) genotype needed less warfarin daily doses than those?with CYP2C9 1075A^C (AA) genotype (1.93 ± 0.79 mg/d VS 2.15 ± 0.64 mg/d), but there was no significant difference (p = 0.601). While the daily warfarin dose required for patients with VKORC1-1639G^A (AA) genotype was significantly lower than that for patients with VKORC1-1639G^A (GA) genotype (2.00 ± 0.67 mg/d VS 2.63 ± 0.38 mg/d, p = 0.012). VKORC1-1639G^A together with age and diabetes status accounted 41.7% for dose variability. The new algorithm was developed using multivariate linear regression analysis;the model was developed for: Dose = 7.731 – 0.056 * age + 0.527 * DM - 0.785 * VKORC1. Conclusions: VKORC1-1639G^A together with age and diabetes status might predict warfarin doses in age ≥ 80 years patients with non-valvularatrial fibrillation. In contrast, the polymorphism of CYP2C9 1075A^C was not associated with dose variability.

Atrial Myocardial Deformation Changes in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It increases cardiovascular morbidity, especially embolic stroke and mortality. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a useful method that has been used to detect changes in atrial myocardial deformation in AF patients. Objectives: To study atrial myocardial deformation changes in patient with non-valvular AF using 2D STE. Patients and Methods: This study included 25 patients with non-valvular AF and 25 normal healthy controls. 2D STE was used for assessment of strain and strain rate of septal and free walls of both right atrium (RA) and LA and left ventricle (LV). Results: Mean LA septal and lateral strain and strain rate were significantly reduced in the AF group compared to the control group (-7.2% ± 5.2% vs. -20.4% ± 3.9%, -8.7% ± 8.8% vs. -21.7% ± 3.4%) and (-0.9 ± 0.5 S-1 vs. -1.9 ± 0.4 S-1, –1.1 ± 0.6 S-1 vs. -2.04 ± 0.3 S-1) respectively. Mean RA septal and lateral strain and strain rate were significantly reduced in the AF group compared to the control group (-5.9% ± 6.1% vs. -23.4% ± 4.5%, -8.9% ± 9.3% vs. -21.7% ± 3.4%) and (-0.98 ± 0.6 S-1 vs. -1.9 ± 0.3 S-1, -1.3 ± 0.9 S-1 vs. -2.1 ± 0.5 S-1) respectively. Mean LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate were significantly reduced in the AF group compared to the control group (-8.8% ± 4.6% vs -19.6% ± 2.4%) and (-0.8 ± 0.3 S-1 vs -1.5 ± 0.4 S-1) respectively (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: AF is a bi-atrial disease, LA and RA myocardial deformation properties as well as LV GLS and strain rate measured by 2D STE were significantly impaired in AF patients compared to healthy controls.

Rate of anticoagulant use, and factors associated with not prescribing anticoagulant in older Thai adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A multicenter registry

Objectives To investigate the rate of anticoagulant use,the reasons for not prescribing anticoagulant,and the factors associated with non-prescription of anticoagulant in older Thai adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Methods A multicenter registry of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation was conducted during 2014 to 2017 in Thailand.Demographic,medical history,antithrombotic medication,non-antithrombotic medication,and laboratory data were collected and analyzed.Data were compared between the older adult (≥ 65 years) and younger adult (< 65 years) groups.The reasons why anticoagulant was not prescribed were collected,and predictive factors were identified.Results A total of 3218 patients (1873 males) with an average age of 67.3 ± 11.3 years were included.Almost two-thirds (61.0%) of patients were in the older adult group.Anticoagulant was prescribed in 2422 patients (75.3%): 81.4% in the older adult group and 65.7% in the younger adult group.The three main reasons for not prescribing anticoagulant were already taking antiplatelets,patient refusal,and bleeding risk.These reasons were more common in older adults as compared to younger adults.Multivariate analysis revealed current use of antiplatelets to be the most important factor that predict the non-prescription of anticoagulant in older population.Conclusions The prevalence of anticoagulant prescription among older Thai adults with atrial fibrillation is 81.4%.Taking antiplatelet drugs was found to be the strongest reason that predicts the non-prescription of anticoagulant in this patient population.A guideline should be developed to optimize the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet in older adults.

Opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation with a single lead device in geriatric patients

Objective To determine the diagnostic yield of repeated screening for atrial fibrillation(AF)among geriatric patients.Methods A pragmatic prospective cohort study into applying opportunistic screening for AF with a handheld single lead ECG device(SLD)in a geriatric cohort.Consecutive patients of 65 years old and older visiting the geriatric outpatient clinic were eligible for inclusion.A 12 lead ECG was performed,followed by measurements with the SLD during every visit to the geriatric outpatient clinic.A frailty index was based on the accumulation of deficits model.Results 478 patients were eligible.Patients were excluded if they did not give informed consent(17 patients),had a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator(20 patients),or had incomplete medical files(two patients).After exclusion,439 patients participated in this study.The mean age was 78 years(range 65 to 100 years),54%were female.AF was known in 89 patients(20%),first detected on the baseline ECG in four patients(1%)and first detected with the SLD in 20 patients(5%)during follow up visits.Sensitivity of the SLD was 90.0%,specificity 99.0%,negative predictive value 99.7%,and positive predictive value 73.5%.Most patients(82%)with AF were frail and 53%were severely frail.Conclusion Repeated screening in geriatric patients has a five times higher diagnostic yield than usual care.It was easily combined with usual care.Because of the positive predictive value of 73.5%,it remains necessary to confirm AF with a 12 lead ECG or 24-h Holter monitoring.

Pulse Pressure as a Risk Factor of Atrial Fibrillation in Black African Elderly Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to show the prognostic role of High Pulse Pressure (PP) in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in Black African elderly patients. Materials and Methods: In a comparative retrospective study related to 2000 patients admitted to the Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, from January 1991 to December 2010 for atrial fibrillation, we matched pulse pressure and atrial fibrillation in Black African elderly patients. Results: The mean age of patients was 65 ± 10 years. Patients with high pulse pressure were 4.8 times more at risk to present atrial fibrillation than those with normal pulse pressure. The threshold of high risk pulse pressure was 65 mmHg. Conclusion: Pulse pressure is a factor of bad prognosis of atrial fibrillation in Black African elderly patients.

达比加群酯治疗老年非瓣膜性房颤患者的效果观察

目的探讨达比加群酯治疗老年非瓣膜性房颤患者对凝血功能、心功能的影响及不良反应和预后。方法本研究为随机对照试验,共纳入2020年1月至2023年9月期间天津医科大学第二医院130例老年非瓣膜性房颤患者。通过随机数字表法将患者分为A组(华法林治疗,43例)、B组(利伐沙班治疗,43例)和C组(达比加群酯治疗,44例)。A组男性22例,女性21例,年龄为(74.56±6.43)岁;心功能分级Ⅰ级23例、Ⅱ级20例。B组男性24例,女性19例,年龄为(73.89±6.21)岁;心功能分级Ⅰ级22例、Ⅱ级21例。C组男性20例,女性24例,年龄为(74.12±6.38)岁;心功能分级Ⅰ级23例、Ⅱ级21例。A组接受华法林钠片治疗,每日一次,起始剂量为2.5 mg,后根据国际标准化比值(INR)调整剂量,每次调整0.5mg,保持INR在2.0~3.0之间;B组接受利伐沙班片治疗,每次15mg,每日一次;C组接受达比加群酯胶囊治疗,每次110 mg,每日两次。疗程为2个月。对比3组患者肝肾功能指标[肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)]的水平、凝血功能[凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)]、心房颤动栓塞风险CHA2DS2-VASc评分、心房颤动抗凝出血风险HAS-BLED评分和不良反应(皮肤瘀斑、恶心呕吐、脑卒中、血尿)的发生情况,并随访3个月,统计3组的血栓栓塞形成率和出血情况。采用重复测量方差分析、χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法。结果治疗2个月后,B组和C组Cr、BUN、ALT和AST水平低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。B组和C组TT、APTT、PT高于A组,FIB低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。A组、B组和C组CHA2DS2-VASc和HAS-BLED评分较治疗前略升高,但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A组、B组和C组的不良反应发生率为16.28%(7/43)、4.65%(2/43)、2.27%(1/44);C组的不良反应发生率低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访3个月后,B组和C组的血栓栓塞形成率和轻微出血率略低于A组,但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论相比华法林,达比加群酯和利伐沙班在治疗老年非瓣膜性房颤患者中能改善肝肾功能和凝血功能,降低不良反应发生率,减少血栓栓塞和出血事件,显示出更好的治疗效果和安全性。

急性阵发性房颤患者基线NT-proBNP对胺碘酮复律疗效的影响

目的 探讨N末端B型利钠肽原(N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)在胺碘酮用于急性阵发性房颤(acute atrial fibrillation,AF)复律疗效评估中的价值。方法纳入2019年2月—2022年7月三明市第二医院急诊科明确诊断为AF(非瓣膜病)的68例患者,所有患者排除禁忌后均给予胺碘酮复律治疗,根据复律后转复情况分为2组,即成功转复组(n=57)与转复失败组(n=11)。对比2组症状与体征(心悸、胸痛)、心电图表现(是否合并ST段压低)、既往病史(是否合并糖尿病、高血压病、冠心病等)、房颤持续时间和基线NT-proBNP水平。采用二元logistic回归分析AF患者胺碘酮复律疗效的影响因素。结果 2组胸痛、合并糖尿病、合并冠心病、ST段压低、房颤持续时间、合并高血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。成功转复组心悸发生率为28.07%、NT-proBNP水平为(229.43±7.24)pmol/L,优于转复失败组的63.64%、(679.99±8.67)pmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时存在心悸症状、NT-proBNP是影响AF患者应用胺碘酮转复的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论 胺碘酮对AF(非瓣膜病)患者复律治疗安全有效,入院时存在心悸症状、基线NT-proBNP水平是预测胺碘酮复律成功的重要因素。

二维斑点追踪技术联合实时三维超声心动图对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值

目的探讨二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STE)联合实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)参数预测非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者左心耳血栓(LAAT)形成的价值。方法选取2023年1月至2023年8月于兰州大学第一医院经食管超声检出LAAT的NVAF患者20例为LAAT组,另选取未检出LAAT的NVAF患者52例作为非LAAT组,收集患者二维及三维超声心动图参数及基线资料,比较两组患者之间数据资料的差异;采用logistic回归分析NVAF患者LAAT的影响因素,利用Pearson相关性分析左心房球形度指数(LASI)与左心房容积指数(LAVI)之间的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声心动图参数对NVAF患者血栓的诊断效能。结果与非LAAT组相比,LAAT组患者N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平升高[1437.50(650.50,2247.50)ng/ml比788.58(158.50,1242.50)ng/ml],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);LAAT组左心房前后径、上下径、左右径、LASI、左心房最大容积(LAV)、LAVI高于非LAAT组[(43.15±6.01)mm比(38.24±5.67)mm,(62.68±5.58)mm比(57.77±5.71)mm,(45.72±5.36)mm比(40.43±5.47)mm,(77.30±7.06)%比(69.71±6.24)%,(104.31±28.05)ml比(75.83±23.40)ml,(57.44±15.30)比(41.12±12.40)],左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房纵向应变峰值(PALS)低于非LAAT组[(54.16±6.30)%比(59.73±5.10)%,8.75(7.33,12.50)%比15.80(10.73,21.78)%],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,LAVI、LASI及PALS与NVAF患者LAAT独立相关。Pearson线性相关性分析显示LASI与LAVI之间正相关(r=0.399,P=0.001)。ROC曲线显示,LASI、LAVI、PALS预测LAAT的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.788(95%CI 0.666~0.911,P<0.01)、0.796(95%CI 0.684~0.908,P<0.01)、0.808(95%CI 0.698~0.919,P<0.01),最佳截断值分别为76.10%、53.92 ml/m^(2)、9.85%。联合预测LAAT时AUC为0.861(95%CI 0.761~0.960,P<0.05),特异度为85.0%,敏感度为75.0%。结论LAVI、LASI及PALS是NVAF患者LAAT的独立预测因子。2D-STE结合RT-3DE可以可作为一种经济、便捷、无创的工具,联合预测更有助于NVAF患者LAAT的检测。

Embolic events in 93 elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation

To evaluate the prevalence of embolic events and relevant factors in elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation(AF), and to provide evidence on ways to prevent embolic events Methods Autopsy data from ninety three continous elderly Chinese patients with AF were analysed The incidence of embolic events and its relationship to underlying disease, pathologic changes in the heart, and other clinical characteristics were examined Results Embolism were observed in 27 of 93 cases, with an incidence of 29 03% The incidence of embolic events was higher in elderly patients with rheumatic heart disease than those with coronary artery disease, hypertensive myocardiopathy and heart diseases Patients with chronic AF,with a course of AF≥3 years, and those with heart failure or diabetes had a higher incidence of embolic events than those without these complications There was significant difference in incidence between paroxysmal and chronic AF Patients with left atrial or ventricular enlargement, mural thrombosis in cardiac chambers, valvular calcification and valvular vegetation also had a higher incidence of embolic events Oral dipyridamole (75-150?mg/d) or aspirin (50-150?mg/d) showed no definite effects in preventing embolism in some patients Conclusions There was a high incidence of embolic events in elderly Chinese patients with AF Anticoagulation therapy should be provided to the elderly patients with AF, especially to the patients with risk factors for embolism

专科医护远程照护非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后护理评估指标的构建

目的:构建专科医护远程照护非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后护理评估指标体系,旨在为我国远程照护提供参考。方法:通过文献回顾和分析,整合非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后常见护理问题,以奥马哈问题分类系统为依据,将相关护理问题整理、分类,最后采用德尔菲专家函询法对纳入指标进行连续2轮专家函询,构建专科医护远程照护非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后护理评估指标体系。结果:2轮函询问卷的回收率均为100%,2轮函询专家的权威系数分别为0.881和0.910,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.711和0.821(P<0.05)。最终构建的专科医护远程照护非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后护理评估指标体系包括5个一级指标、16个二级指标、62个三级指标,各条目变异系数均<0.25。结论:构建的专科医护远程照护非瓣膜性心房颤动病人介入术后护理评估指标体系科学、可靠,既保证了临床实施的可行性,又可为我国专科医护远程照护提供参考。

非瓣膜性心房颤动左心耳血栓的影像学研究进展

非瓣膜性心房颤动因其高发病率、高致残率和高复发率,严重影响了患者的生活质量。准确评估左心耳的结构和功能,对检测左心耳血栓和预测卒中事件至关重要。以经食管超声心动图、经胸超声心动图、心腔内超声心动图、CT和心脏磁共振成像等为主的传统影像学技术,和以新型分子靶向示踪剂结合的正电子发射断层扫描/心脏磁共振成像、计算机流体力学等为代表的新兴技术,正为左心耳的结构功能评估以及左心耳血栓的检测提供着重要客观依据。本文对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳的解剖、功能、左心耳及其血栓的影像学研究进展进行综述。

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素分析

目的探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素。方法选取2016年1月至2023年5月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院住院的因非瓣膜性心房颤动服用新型口服抗凝药的患者,纳入在住院期间发生消化道出血的患者作为出血组,根据年龄、性别及新型口服抗凝药的类型和剂量进行1∶2随机匹配,纳入在住院期间未发生消化道出血的患者作为未出血组。收集2组患者一般资料、合并症、药物使用、化验指标等信息。采用Logistic回归分析探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC)以评估危险因素对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的预测价值。结果共纳入服用新型口服抗凝药的患者153例,其中出血组患者51例,未出血组患者102例。出血组患者合并冠心病(冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病)、心功能不全、既往消化道出血史、消化性溃疡、贫血、慢性肾功能不全、静脉血栓栓塞症、周围血管病比例均高于未出血组(均P<0.05)。出血组患者的基线血红蛋白水平低于未出血组,中性粒细胞百分比、血尿素氮、D-二聚体水平高于未出血组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,冠心病(比值比=4.678,95%置信区间:1.600~13.677)、既往消化道出血史(比值比=9.906,95%置信区间:1.449~67.742)、慢性肾功能不全(比值比=4.893,95%置信区间:1.122~21.330)、贫血(比值比=13.487,95%置信区间:1.847~98.496)、D-二聚体(比值比=1.001,95%置信区间:1.000~1.003)是新型口服抗凝药治疗非瓣膜性心房颤动时发生消化道出血的独立危险因素。联合上述指标绘制ROC曲线,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.905(95%置信区间:0.854~0.955,P<0.001)。结论冠心病、既往消化道出血史、慢性肾功能不全、贫血、D-二聚体是非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的独立危险因素。

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者发生左房血栓/自发显影的相关因素分析

目的研究可预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者发生左房血栓(Left atrial thrombus,LAT)/自发显影(Spontaneous echo contrast,SEC)的相关因素,建立预测模型,探索模型对于LAT/SEC的预测价值。方法选择2019年4月—2022年4月于本院住院的294例非瓣膜性房颤患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生血栓/自发显影分为阴性组(209例)和阳性组(85例)两组。对比两组相关数据,筛选出差异有统计学意义的因素,进一步使用二元logistic回归分析多因素,得出独立危险因素,根据独立危险因素组成新的模型,使用ROC曲线评价新模型的预测效能。结果阳性组患者的年龄、尿酸、LAVI、PT、FIB显著高于阴性组,而高血压比例、LVEF、TAPSE显著低于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);回归分析显示尿酸、左房容积指数(Left atrial volume index,LAVI)、TAPSE、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB)均为非瓣膜性心房颤动发生LAT/SEC的独立危险因素;尿酸、LAVI、TAPSE、FIB组成的模型判断非瓣膜性心房颤动发生LAT/SEC的ROC曲线下面积为0.841(95%CI:0.786~0.896,P<0.001)。结论尿酸、LAVI、TAPSE、FIB是非瓣膜性心房颤动发生LAT/SEC独立危险因素,而其组成的模型可预测LAT/SEC,有助于筛选出需进一步行经食道超声检查的患者。

对比仿制与原研达比加群酯胶囊用于非瓣膜性心房颤动患者抗凝治疗临床有效性与安全性评价

目的评估仿制与原研达比加群酯胶囊的有效性和安全性。方法采用回顾性队列研究,筛选并纳入2021年6月至2022年5月在徐州医科大学附属连云港医院心血管内科住院治疗的非瓣膜性心房颤动(Non-valvular atrial fibrillation,NVAF)患者,根据其所用药品来源分为原研药组(104例)和仿制药组(106例)。两组患者分别口服原研达比加群酯胶囊和仿制达比加群酯胶囊,每次110 mg,每天2次。所有患者服药时间≥1年,随访1年,比较2组患者的有效性指标(脑卒中发生率、体循环栓塞发生率、再次入院率)和安全性指标[出血事件、全因死亡率、主要不良心脑血管事件(Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,MACCE)发生率],并采用Logistic回归模型分析轻微出血事件和全因死亡的危险因素。结果2组患者的脑卒中发生率、体循环栓塞发生率、再次入院率、严重出血率、非严重出血率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);原研药组患者轻微出血率、全因死亡率均低于仿制药组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logisitic回归分析显示,使用仿制药对轻微出血事件的影响具有统计学意义(OR=2.965,95%CI:1.025~8.576,P=0.045);年龄对全因死亡的影响具有统计学意义(OR=3.330,95%CI:1.060~10.465,P=0.039)。结论与原研药物相比,仿制达比加群酯胶囊用于房颤抗凝治疗疗效可靠,但不良反应发生率较高。

老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者临床应用达比加群酯的疗效分析

目的 调查老年非瓣膜性房颤患者达比加群酯的临床应用情况。方法 收集扬州大学附属苏北人民医院2021年1月—2022年6月心内科使用达比加群酯的老年非瓣膜性房颤患者的信息,根据相关指南对临床应用、实验室指标、临床结局等情况进行统计分析。结果 150例患者中,无适应证用药14例,禁忌证12例;给药剂量不足93例,给药剂量过大9例,给药频次不合理13例,与其他抗凝药物转换不合理20例。实验室指标显示,服药1、3、6个月后活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床结局显示,缺血性卒中事件发生率为3.33%(4/120),大出血发生率为1.67%(2/120),脑出血事件发生率为0.83%(1/120)。结论 本院达比加群酯的临床应用以给药剂量不足最为常见。药师应注重老年患者达比加群酯的规范应用。

经食道超声心动图对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心房血栓形成的评价结果及其影响因素分析

目的探讨经食道超声心动图对非瓣膜性房颤(NVAF)患者左心房血栓形成的评价结果,并分析血栓形成或自发性超声显影的影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月于山东省聊城市第二人民医院进行经食道超声心动图检查的NVAF患者150例,根据是否发生左心房血栓形成或自发性超声显影,分为血栓组(32例)和无血栓组(118例)。收集两组患者的一般资料和心脏超声参数,经单因素及多因素Logistics回归分析NVAF患者发生左心房血栓形成的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析其对NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的预测价值。结果与无血栓组比较,血栓组左心房前后径(LAAPD)水平较高,左心耳峰值血流排空速度(LAAV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和整体左心房长轴应变(GLALS)水平较低(P<0.05)。二元Logistics回归分析显示:LAAPD、LAAV、LVEF和GLALS是左心房血栓形成的影响因素(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,LAAPD、LAAV、LVEF、GLALS以及联合预测左心房血栓形成的AUC依次为0.899、0.892、0.816、0.822和0.986,联合预测效能最高(P<0.05)。结论经食道超声心动图检测的LAAPD、LAAV、LVEF、GLALS是NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的影响因素,且对左心房血栓形成具有一定预测价值,尤其是联合预测效能最高。

Situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The study examines the situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients （more than 60 years old） with non-valvular atrial fibrillation （NVAF） and acute coronary syndrome （ACS） / percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods This study enrolled 381 elderly patients Emean age （69.95 ± 8.41） years; 289 males, 92 femalesl with NVAF and ACS/PCI between January 2006 and September 2013. According to clinical data, these patients were categorized into 4 groups： triple therapy （TT） group, dual antiplatelet therapy （DAT） group, vitamin K antagonist （VKA） plus single antiplatelet therapy （SAT） group and VKA group. According to score of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, all the patients were divided into 4 combinations. Statistical methods were used to analyze the situation of antithrombotic therapy and potential associations between the different combinations. Results 38 patients （9.97%） received TT and 300 patients （78.74%） received DAT. TT was received in 20 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 and HAS-BLED ≥3, and 16 patients with CHA2DS2- VASc≥2 and HAS-BLED 〈 3. Conclusions Elderly patients who suffered NVAF and ACS/PCI were with high risk of stroke and low risk of bleeding. Majority of these patients received DAT instead of TT.

临床药师参与抗凝管理对非瓣膜性房颤患者口服华法林抗凝效果的影响

目的 探讨非瓣膜性房颤患者在口服华法林的过程中临床药师参与抗凝管理对抗凝效果的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2020年9月于我院收治的非瓣膜性房颤患者132例,随机抽取66例作为观察组,由临床药师、护士和住院医生联合抗凝管理,另外66例作为对照组,由住院医生、主管护士在住院期间进行常规抗凝管理。探究两组间华法林抗凝管理的效果和安全。结果 观察组患者的INR(国际标准化比值)达标率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.19,P<0.05);观察组患者服用华法林的依从性(89.39%)优于对照组(57.56%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.94,P<0.001);出血性事件发病率观察组(9.09%)则低于对照组(31.82%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.59,P<0.05)。结论 临床药师参与抗凝管理可以显著提升非瓣膜房颤患者抗凝效果与安全,应当加强临床药师对抗凝防治的监护管理。

心房颤动分型与女性非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的相关性分析

目的探讨心房颤动(简称:房颤)分型与女性非瓣膜性房颤患者的关系。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2022年2月在贵州省人民医院心内科住院的女性非瓣膜性房颤患者305例,收集患者临床基线资料和辅助检查结果。根据经食管超声心动图结果,将纳入研究的患者分为左心耳无血栓组260例和左心耳血栓组45例。比较两组患者基线资料,运用Logistic回归分析探讨女性非瓣膜性房颤患者合并左心耳血栓形成的预测因素。结果共纳入305例女性非瓣膜性房颤患者,其中45例(15%)存在左心耳血栓。两组间年龄、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆纤维蛋白原浓度(Fbg)和高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、血管疾病、脑卒中占比的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。左心耳血栓组患者的房颤病程、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、左房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、血肌酐(SCr)和非阵发性心房颤动、2型糖尿病、心力衰竭的占比均大于左心耳无血栓组(P<0.05),左心耳血栓组患者中合并糖尿病、心力衰竭的例数均小于左心耳无血栓组(P<0.05)。调整混杂因素后,非阵发性房颤为女性非瓣膜性房颤患者合并左心耳血栓形成的独立预测因素(OR=0.252,95%CI 0.114~0.557,P=0.001)。结论非阵发性房颤是女性非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的独立预测因素。