Simulation research of energy management strategy for dual mode plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles

In this paper, a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle(PHEV) is taken as the research object, and its dynamic performance and economic performance are taken as the research goals. Battery charge-sustaining(CS) period is divided into power mode and economy mode. Energy management strategy designing methods of power mode and economy mode are proposed. Maximum velocity, acceleration performance and fuel consumption are simulated during the CS period in the AVL CRUISE simulation environment. The simulation results indicate that the maximum velocity and acceleration time of the power mode are better than those in the economy mode. Fuel consumption of the economy mode is better than that in the power mode. Fuel consumption of PHEV during the CS period is further improved by using the methods proposed in this paper, and this is meaningful for research and development of PHEV.

The Combination of Two Control Strategies for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles

With most countries paying attention to the environment protection, hybrid electric vehicles have become a focus of automobile research and development due to the characteristics of energy saving and low emission. Power follower control strategy(PFCS) and DC-link voltage control strategy are two sorts of control strategies for series hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs). Combining those two control strategies is a new idea for control strategy of series hybrid electric vehicles. By tuning essential parameters which are the defined constants under DClink voltage control and under PFCS, the points of minimum mass of equivalent fuel consumption(EFC) corresponding to a series of variables are marked for worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure(WLTP). The fuel economy of series HEVs with the combination control schemes performs better compared with individual control scheme. The results show the effects of the combination control schemes for series HEVs driving in an urban environment.

Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles based on a Wireless Power Transmission

In this paper,the case of a battery charger for electric vehicles based on a wireless power transmission is addressed.The specificity of every stage of the overall system is presented.Based on calculated and measured results,relevant capacitive compensations of the transformer and models are suggested and discussed in order to best match the operating mode and aiming at simplifying as much as possible the control and the electronics of the charger.

Study on Ultracapacitors Parameter Design and Control Strategy of Electric Bus

Based on the analysis of ultracapacitors efficiency and vehicle driving character, three conditions restricting the ultracapacitors charge/discharge time are derived. The study focuses on ultracapacitors specific design rules decided by charge/discharge time and how to integrate with battery packs and converter through ultracapacitors＇voltage and current double regulators. Through BFC6100-EV electric bus test, it is shown that the proposed method and control strategy are feasible and the system can effectively improve the bus dynamic performance and ability to receive braking energy effectively.

Comparison among Chargers of Electric Vehicle Based on Different Control Strategies

The charger of electric vehicle is a power electronic device which consists of rectifying devices and DC-DC converters. This nonlinear diode rectifier circuit has low power factor and high harmonic content. In order to improve power factor and reduce the harmonic distortion rate of the AC side current, single-phase non-controlled rectifier charger needs to install the active power factor correction device. A piece of power system analysis software which is called PSCAD is used in modeling of an EV charger which contains Boost-APFC. By means of simulation and analysis, differences of APFC characteristics between the hysteresis current control mode and average current control mode which has an influence on the power grid are compared. The consequence of simulation shows that the two control strategies achieve power factor correction and harmonic reduction requirements;Boost type power conversion circuit employs the average current control mode is better, which has following features: relatively faster settling time of the output voltage, relatively smaller overshoot, lower current harmonic distortion rate on AC side, lower switching frequency and better control effect.

Control strategy of a novel electric power steering system integrated with active front steering function

A novel electric power steering system(EPS) integrated with active front steering(AFS) is developed.It has functions of both AFS system and EPS system with two actuator units:the AFS actuator unit and the EPS actuator unit.The AFS actuator unit controls the displacement transfer behavior of the steering system,and improves the handling stability under adverse road conditions by varying the steering ratio directly related to the speed and road conditions.The EPS actuator unit controls the force transfer behavior of the steering system,and improves the steering portability and road feel of the vehicle.Based on a dynamic model,the mixed H2/H∞ control strategy of the EPS actuator and the active steering intervention control strategy of the AFS actuator are designed.The simulation indicates that the novel EPS system with the designed control strategies has obvious advantages in vehicle handling stability and the driver's road feel over the traditional EPS system,and extends the vehicle's steering performance.

Online power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning and driving cycle reconstruction

This paper proposes a novel power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Three parallel soft actor-critic(SAC)networks are trained for high speed,medium speed,and low-speed conditions respectively;the reward function is designed as minimizing the cost of energy cost and battery aging.During operation,the driving condition is recognized at each moment for the algorithm invoking based on the learning vector quantization(LVQ)neural network.On top of that,a driving cycle reconstruction algorithm is proposed.The historical speed segments that were recorded during the operation are reconstructed into the three categories of high speed,medium speed,and low speed,based on which the algorithms are online updated.The SAC-based control strategy is evaluated based on the standard driving cycles and Shenyang practical data.The results indicate the presented method can obtain the effect close to dynamic programming and can be further improved by up to 6.38%after the online update for uncertain driving conditions.

基于功率转速双闭环的增程器发电功率动态控制策略

针对电动汽车内燃发电增程器发电功率动态控制存在的控制精度不高、响应滞后和反向超调等问题,提出并设计了一种结合功率/转速双闭环的增程器发电功率动态控制策略。该策略基于高效运行曲线进行发电功率的转矩/转速解耦,同时考虑了基于实际发电功率反馈的内燃机目标发电转矩修正、发电转矩转速动态协调修正。变工况发电试验结果表明,增程器发电过程中的发电功率最大正向超调为1.37 kW,最大反向超调为1.89 kW,稳态误差均小于0.01 kW,功率上升响应时间约为2.5 s,功率下降响应时间约为2.8 s,且工作点均在高效运行曲线附近。该增程器发电功率动态控制策略能够减少瞬态发电功率的响应滞后和反向超调的问题,在工程实践中具备可行性。

考虑碳排放的电动汽车与光伏协同的调度策略

从负荷聚合商角度考虑,通过提高其运营负荷中电动汽车充电负荷与光伏的协同性,可以实现聚合商对光伏的及时消纳,降低碳排放水平。首先,结合光伏出力特点与需求响应形式提出两种电动汽车调度策略:“绿电”收费策略与“绿电”补贴策略。“绿电”收费策略即依据光伏出力情况,制定出高、中、低三档的充电价格引导电动汽车有序充电;“绿电”补贴策略是在“绿电”收费策略的基础上,对各时段的充电价格给予不同额度的补贴,进一步提高电动汽车响应积极性。通过将碳排放水平纳入经济性目标建立包含售电收益、服务费收益以及碳收益的综合收益最大的目标函数,并运用遗传算法进行优化求解。仿真结果表明,所提策略有效提高了电动汽车与光伏的协同性,实现了负荷聚合商的增收减排。

基于电池寿命控制策略的交流充电桩设计

针对充电电流对动力电池寿命和性能的影响,提出一种基于电池寿命控制策略的交流充电方式。考虑整个充电系统存在较强的非线性与延迟,采用模糊神经网络控制算法,以马斯最佳充电电流曲线为充电过程中充电电流的实时控制目标,对充电过程中整个充电电流进行实时监测并控制。此外,推导模糊神经网络算法的3个控制参数△k_(p)、△k_(i)、△k_(d),完成实时控制充电电流I_(c)的理论推导,并设计整个控制策略的软件程序框架,搭建整个充电桩的架构,可为家用新能源汽车的充电桩设计提供新的思路和参考。

针对温控负载变化的虚拟电厂控制策略研究

温控负载是一种变化剧烈、波动频繁、高峰负荷比例较高的负载,对电网的安全产生了极大的影响。为了应对这一问题,系统的输出功率往往会超过90%负荷最大值的调峰限制。针对虚拟电厂(VPP)系统内的超限过程进行了研究,并提出了2种控制策略,以降低超限总电量或者利用超限电量的同时获取收益。在验证策略的控制效果时,选取了2种由温控负载引起的功率需求的典型变化。研究结果表明,温控负载引起的功率需求峰值的变化对策略具有重要影响。在安全模式下,超限比例与峰值的增加呈反比,而与平均功率的增加呈正比;在收益模式下,峰值变化会影响储能放电过程,平均功率变化则会影响储能充电过程。随着功率需求的增加,收益逐渐减小,收益范围为3.62万~3.25万元。

基于扭矩闭环的人-车协同转向舒适性控制策略研究

为了解决传统电动助力转向系统在变路面附着系数以及载荷变化工况下方向盘力矩的变化影响驾驶员舒适性的问题,提出了一种基于修正线性三自由度动力学模型的扭矩闭环人-车协同转向舒适性控制策略。首先,通过驾驶员风格辨识建立横摆角速度与车速、方向盘力矩的非线性关系;其次,根据此非线性关系与操纵动力学稳态特性得到驾驶员期望回正力矩,再通过考虑车厢侧倾以及悬架导向装置变形的修正线性三自由度模型和轮胎模型对回正力矩进行精确计算,进而构建扭矩闭环控制器;然后,经扭矩闭环控制器计算得到的补偿助力力矩与基本助力力矩进行叠加获得最终的控制力矩。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink软件建立扭矩闭环系统仿真模型,验证了修正动力学模型的准确性,同时也验证了所提出的控制策略能有效减小方向盘力矩的波动,提升了驾驶员的舒适性。

城市配电网数智化电动汽车需求响应控制措施及机制研究

新能源电动汽车快速发展对城市配电网乃至全网供需平衡运行的影响日益突出。笔者通过分析新能源发电特性、典型配电网台区用电特性,提出电动汽车需求响应技术手段、市场及政策机制、车桩行政规范建设等控制措施,设计了移峰填谷引导、填谷响应充电、谷用峰发双向三种响应模式,并探索配电网电动汽车需求响应步骤及控制流程。电动汽车电力需求响应可最大程度平抑大量新能源的随机性引发的低谷消纳困难和高峰电力供应紧缺交替运行的阶段性波动,减少大量电动汽车随机充电对城市配电网用电高峰的冲击及重过载影响,增加低谷富余电力消纳能力,降低电动汽车用电成本,并提高发输变配电力设备利用效率,减少电力固定建设投资。

基于正弦函数的自动驾驶电动汽车换道控制系统设计

由于交通道路环境具有不确定性,为实现对换道行为的有效控制,对基于正弦函数的自动驾驶电动汽车换道控制系统进行了研究;利用正弦型三相逆变控制电源输入的电力信号,驱动换道模拟平台与换道信息通信编码器,完成自动驾驶电动汽车换道控制系统的各级应用部件设计;筛选出关键的换道片段,在此基础上,提取始末换道位置,构建车道中心线势场,定义具体的换道轨迹簇,生成控制所需的电动汽车换道轨迹簇;根据安全换道车距的正弦函数计算结果,搭建反馈控制器闭环,并利用该模型实施对换道轨迹的控制与规划,实现基于正弦函数的汽车换道行为控制,联合各级应用结构,完成自动驾驶电动汽车换道控制系统的设计;实验结果表明,上述系统不会因不及时换道导致自动驾驶电动汽车的行车碰撞问题,且能够准确识别道路中的障碍物,提升行车安全;该系统的设计和实现为自动驾驶电动汽车的发展和应用提供了有益的参考和启示。

矿用电动车辆驱动系统主动冷却控制策略研究

针对矿用电动车辆电机、电控的热管理控制策略进行研究,通过驱动系统的换热关系,建立了冷却回路仿真模型,根据电机台架试验对仿真模型的参数进行匹配,并验证仿真平台的真实性和准确性。优选冷却液温度作为模型预测目标,冷却液流量和散热风量为被控对象,设计了车辆驱动总成的模型预测控制器(MPC),对比分析了温控效率和系统能耗在MPC、PID、开关量策略下的不同表现。结果表明,对比PID和开关量控制方法,MPC方法在高效控温的同时系统能耗量更小。

基于Simulink/Stateflow的纯电动汽车整车高压上下电分步式控制策略设计

聚焦于提高纯电动汽车高压系统在上电、运行及下电过程中的安全性与可靠性,以整车域控制器为核心,基于Simulink/Stateflow环境设计一种分步式高压上下电控制策略。该策略针对车辆在行车、充电、24 h监控及DC/DC自动补电状态下的特点实施精准的高压上下电管理,并在硬件在环测试平台上通过了有效性的验证。

考虑功率需求目标的电动汽车接入配电网充电负荷有序控制优化

电动汽车充电需求具有多样性与不确定性,对配电网的充电负荷平衡构成了显著挑战。为解决这一问题,提出考虑功率需求目标的电动汽车接入配电网充电负荷有序控制优化研究。全面分析电动汽车接入配电网后的总充电功率需求,并综合考量配电网中的基础负荷(包括居民用电、商业用电等)与电动汽车充电负荷之间的动态交互关系。在此基础上,构建了以最小化负荷方差为核心目标的充电负荷有序控制模型,旨在实现充电负荷在时间与空间上的均衡分布。模型设计时,特别将可执行充电效率作为关键约束条件,以确保优化方案的可行性与经济性。通过引入遗传算法这一高效优化工具,对模型进行精确求解,成功确定了电动汽车接入数量与充电功率的最优配置方案。实验结果表明,优化后的负荷方差显著降低至32.510,相较于未优化状态展现出明显改善,有效提升了配电网的充电负荷均衡水平,为电动汽车充电管理的智能化、精细化发展提供了有力支撑。

电动汽车移动储能辅助频率控制策略的研究

大量电动汽车接入电网后,不仅可以作为可控充电负荷存在,也可以作为移动储能装置为电网提供服务与支持。首先分析了电动汽车参与电网频率控制的优势,介绍了一种移动储能辅助调频系统的结构框架及工作机理。基于电力系统频率调节控制基本动态模型,建立了电动汽车参与电网一次、二次频率调节控制的模型。在此基础上,针对相关研究较少考虑电动汽车车辆属性的特点,提出了计及车辆限制和用户需求的电动汽车参与电网频率调节的控制策略。该策略能够满足车辆用户用车时间和容量的个性化需求,同时有效避免了荷电状态超限和充放电电流倍率过大对电池造成的不利影响。最后,通过两个算例对提出的模型和控制策略进行了研究分析,验证了模型与策略的可靠性。

基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发

介绍了混合动力汽车仿真软件ADVISOR中的并联控制策略 ,结合课题的实际情况 ,对ADVI SOR2 0 0 2的并联控制策略进行了二次开发 ,并针对某一车型进行了仿真对比 ,结果表明所提出的控制策略不仅能够鲁棒地在ADVISOR2 0 0 2界面中运行 ,而且合理、可靠 。

轻度混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略与仿真研究

分析了轻度混合动力汽车在典型城市驱动循环工况下的工作特点,在传统汽车制动理论的基础上,基于制动安全性和高效制动能量回收,提出了一种简单有效的混合动力汽车制动力分配控制策略,进行了整车再生制动系统建模和城市驱动循环下的仿真,结果表明,采用该制动力分配策略能满足整车制动力分配的要求,能量回收率达12·5%。