Electrical Conductivity of the Carbon Fiber Conductive Concrete

This paper discussed two methods to enhance the electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber（CF） electrically conductive concrete. The increase in the content of stone and the amount of water used to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers can decrease the electrical resistivity of the electrically conductive concrete effectively. Based on these two methods, the minimum CF content of the CF electrically conductive concrete for deicing or snow-melting application and the optimal ratio of the amount of water to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers were obtained.

Influential Factors on Deicing Performance of Electrically Conductive Concrete Pavement

The deicing experiment of carbon fiber reinforced electrically conductive concrete （CFRC） slab was conducted in laboratory at first, then the deicing process of CFRC parement was analyzed by means of finite element method （FEM）. At last, based on the energy conservation law and the computing restdts of finite element method, the influential factors including the setting of electric heating layer, environmental temperature, the thickness of ice, material parameters, and deicing power on deicing performance and energy consumption were discussed.

Experimental Study on Deicing Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Conductive Concrete

Carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) is a kind of good electrothermal material. When connected to an external power supply, stable and uniform heat suitable for deicing application is generated in the CFRC slab. Electric heating and deicing experiments of carbon fiber reinforced concrete slab were carried out in laboratory, and the effect of the temperature and thickness of ice, the thermal conductivity of CFRC, and power output on deicing performance and energy consumption were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is an effective method to utilize the thermal energy produced by CFRC slab to deice. The time to melt the ice completely decreases with increasing power output and ice temperature, and increases with increasing thickness of the ice. The energy consumption to melt 2 mm thickness of ice varies approximately linearly from 0.556 to 0.846 kW·h/m2 as the initial temperature ranges from -3℃ to - 18℃. CFRC with good thermal conduction can reduce temperature difference in CFRC slab effectively.

An Improvement in Electrical Properties of Asphalt Concrete

Materials such as Koch AH-70,basalt aggregate,limestone powder and graphite particles were used to prepare conductive asphalt concrete,which is a new type of multifunctional concrete.The mix proportion by weight was shown as follows.Fine aggregates (2.36-4.75 mm)∶fine aggregates (<2.36mm)∶limestone powder∶asphalt=120∶240∶14∶30.The content of added graphite particles ranged from 0% to 20%(by the weight of asphalt concrete).A conductive asphalt concrete with a resistivity around 10-10 3Ω·m was obtained.Special attention was paid to the effects of graphite content,graphite physical-chemical properties,asphalt content and temperature on the resistivity.Furthermore,an attempt was made to develop an electrically conductive model for asphalt concrete.

Resistivity-temperature Characteristics of Conductive Asphalt Concrete

The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied,and positive temperature coefficient（PTC）modelwas established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistivity quantitatively,which eliminated the interference with conductivity evaluation brought by temperature variation.Finally,the analysis of temperature cycling test results proves that the changes of percolation network structure caused by temperature variation prompt the emergence of PTC of conductive asphalt concrete.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES WITH LOW CONTENT OF HYBRID STEEL-CARBON FIBRE SYSTEMS

Electrical impedance measurements were performed on fine-grained concrete with low volume content of conductive steel and carbon fibres, either as a mono or as a hybrid system. The influences were investigated of the applied frequencies, of fibre combinations and of the age of the composites on the impedance. The results show that when the applied frequency is increased from 0.98 Hz to 1000 Hz, the impedance of the fibre composites significantly decreases. At the same time, impedance difference between plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete is enhanced. Dramatic drop of impedance takes place over the low frequency range, i.e. 0.98 to approximately 31 Hz. Impedance also depends on the volume content of hybrid fibres. The cementitious composite with the highest content of hybrid fibres (1.0% steel fibres and 0.2% carbon fibres by volume) has the lowest impedance at all measuring frequencies. 0.6% fibres by volume seem to be a turning point, from which the variation of impedance slows down with the fibre content increases. On the other hand, the impedance increment of the fibre-reinforced composites slows down with the age after 28 days, comparing to plain concrete. (Author abstract) 8 Refs.

A critical review of carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete and its potential applications

Carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete(ECCC)is typically prepared by directly adding carbon-based conductive filler into the cement matrix and then mixing cement with aggregates.With such a strategy,ECCC possesses a high conductivity and strain/stress sensitivity and thus can be used for snow and ice melting,ohmic heating,cathodic protection system,electromagnetic shielding,structural health monitoring,and traffic detection.This paper aims to provide a systematic review on the development and applications of ECCC,especially the progress made in the past decade(from 2012 to 2022).The composition and manufacture of ECCC are first introduced.Then,the electrical performance of ECCC and its potential applications are reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges for future work are discussed.

Percolation Model of Graphite-modified Asphalt Concrete

The addition of graphite powder in conventional asphalt mixture can produced asp halt concrete with excellent electrical performance. Percolation theor y was employed to discuss the relation between the conductivity and graphite con tent of graphite-modified asphalt concrete. It was found that the results of pe rcolation model are consistent with experimental values. The percolation thresho ld of graphite-modified asphalt concrete is 10.94% graphite content account for the total volume of the binder phase consisting of asphalt and graphite. The cr itical exponent is 3.16, beyond the range of 1.6-2.1 for the standard lattice c ontinuous percolation problem. Its reason is that the tunnel conduction mec hanism originates near the critical percent content, which causes this system to be not universal. Tunnel mechanism is demonstrated by the nonlinear voltage-cu rrent characteristic near percolation threshold.The percolation model is able to well predict the formation and development of conductive network in graphite- modified asphalt concrete.

Mechanical Properties and Compression Sensibility of Ironstone Aggregate Concrete

Radiation-shielding concrete was made with ironstone aggregate. The compressive strength is affected by multi factors. The electrical conductive properties and smart performance was discovered and investigated. Experimental results show that concrete conductivity rapidly declines with increasing loading, and the conductivity is much lower than the initial value of conductive aggregate of concrete, which may be related to special characters of ironstone. This kind of concrete has widely potential applications due to its special characters and low cost.

Damage Self-diagnoses Feasibility of Fiber-reinforced Concrete Structure

The seepage theory was used to explain the variation between the specific resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced cement concrete and the carbon fiber volume ratio. The electro-dynamic seepage was observed in the cement. The longer the carbon fiber is, the smaller the critical volume to produce the electro-dynamic seepage phenomenon will be. However, the forming and stirring process is harder. In general, the average length of carbon fiber is 5 mm. Under the condition of three-point bending load, the specific resistance changes with the loading process, and a good correlation could be obtained according to the load-deflection relationship. The experimental results reveal that the carbon fiber reinforced cement based composites can be used as sensors to self-diagnoses of the damage.

智能混凝土裂缝自监测性能试验研究

为了对建筑物的裂缝进行实时监测,掌握建筑物的裂缝扩展情况及开裂位置对加入导电相材料(钢纤维和纳米炭黑)后智能混凝土的力学性能、导电性能以及自监测性能进行研究,并改变导电相材料的掺量,分析其对抗压强度、电阻变化率等性能指标的影响。结果表明,在满足力学性能和导电性能的前提下,复掺纳米炭黑与钢纤维可以发挥钢纤维长程导电与纳米炭黑短程导电的互补优势,使材料具备良好的自监测性能,且钢纤维掺量为1.50%、纳米炭黑掺量为0.75%时,裂缝自监测性能最佳。

直流电下导电沥青混凝土非线性导电行为研究

导电沥青混凝土中非线性导电行为的导电机制尚不明确。基于实验室制备的碳纤维(CF)–碳纤维粉(CFP)导电沥青混凝土,通过测试外力场对导电沥青混凝土电阻率的关系,结合线性随机电阻网络模型、动态随机电阻网络模型和非线性随机动态电阻器模型,研究导电沥青混凝土非线性导电行为,明确非线性导电行为的导电机制。结果表明:随着碳纤维掺量、油石比和压力的增加,电阻率呈现明显且相似的非线性下降趋势,其中,碳纤维粉掺量的增加导致电阻率先下降后上升;不同掺量的导电沥青混凝土伏安特性曲线均呈现非线性特征;在强电场作用下,导电相材料本身的非线性导电行为和绝缘态部分载流子通道导通引起的非线性导电行为共同导致了碳纤维–碳纤维粉导电沥青混凝土的非线性导电行为,并证明在电场作用下导电沥青混凝土存在隧道效应。

基于导电油墨层电阻层析成像的混凝土裂缝损伤识别

为解决混凝土裂缝损伤的监测问题,提出利用石墨烯碳油墨在混凝土表面制备导电层,利用电阻层析成像技术进行裂缝损伤识别。通过比较损伤前后导电层边界电压变化,利用TV-SB正则化算法重建损伤引起的电导率变化分布图像以确定裂缝损伤情况。分别进行人工模拟裂缝和混凝土梁弯曲裂缝检测实验,来验证所提方法对裂缝损伤识别的效果。实验结果表明,导电油墨层性能良好,电阻层析成像技术重建的电导率变化图像能够较好地反映裂缝损伤的位置和长度等信息,可为混凝土裂缝损伤的监测和识别提供一种有前景的技术。

碳纤维增强导电混凝土的温升特性研究

寒区道路积雪、结冰,对交通运输及国民经济、生活造成较大影响,也成为冬季交通安全的主要隐患。文章通过调整配合比制备碳纤维导电混凝土,并通过对该导电混凝土施加电压,研究了该混凝土的电热特性。结果显示,针对冬季道路积雪或结冰问题,对100mm×100mm×60mm的厚尺寸导电混凝土试样施加电压进行导电升温测定其不同位置的温度,对其施加额外电压,对力学性能和温升特性相关规律进行研究。

严苛侵蚀作用对优化导电混凝土性能的影响

干湿交替和硫酸盐腐蚀引起的损伤严重影响导电混凝土服役时的长期稳定性。本研究以碳纤维、石墨作为导电相材料,掺入粉煤灰和硅灰制备导电混凝土,在干湿交替和硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用下,讨论粉煤灰、硅灰掺量对导电混凝土力学性能与电学性能的影响。综合导电混凝土的力学性能与电学性能衰变定义了服役性能劣化指标。结果表明:掺入粉煤灰和硅灰后提升了导电混凝土在干湿交替和硫酸盐腐蚀下的耐久性和导电稳定性;当粉煤灰和硅灰的总掺量一定时,提高粉煤灰占比能够有效降低干湿交替和硫酸盐腐蚀造成的强度损失,并提高导电混凝土的导电稳定性。

不同种类导电相材料在混凝土损伤检测领域的应用前景分析

导电混凝土作为一种新型特种混凝土,有防雷保护、除冰供暖、损伤检测等多方面应用,其可按照一定的配合比,添加胶凝材料、导电相材料、骨料、水和相应外加剂等组分来制备。首先归纳了导电混凝土常见的导电相材料种类,常见导电相材料有碳纤维、钢纤维、石墨、炭黑等,以及将其结合所得的符合导电相材料;介绍了各导电相材料制备的混凝土的优缺点,以及其相关力学性质、电学性质与其导电相材料的关系;概述了以上不同种类导电混凝土在损伤检测方向的应用;最后阐明了单一导电相混凝土综合性能的缺点,总结出目前导电混凝土在损伤检测领域面临的两大问题,即如何降低导电材料的渗滤阈值,以及如何能合理配比混凝土各组分,使之兼顾导电性和良好的力学性能。

直接电养护对混凝土性能的影响

以石墨和碳纤维为导电相材料,研究了石墨掺量(2%、4%)和养护方式(标准养护、直接电养护)对混凝土抗压强度和微观结构的影响,分析了直接电养护时间与试件内部温度和电阻率之间的关系。结果表明:掺入适量导电相材料可以改善混凝土的力学性能,提高混凝土的导电性能;直接电养护可以提高混凝土的内部温度,促进水化反应进程,提高混凝土的抗压强度,且对早期抗压强度的提高效果更大;随着直接电养护时间的增加,混凝土的电阻率不断增大,导电性能降低;直接电养护可以有效减小混凝土中凝胶孔的孔径,改善混凝土的孔结构。

导电沥青混凝土的制备研究

导电沥青混凝土是一种新型的、多功能的沥青混凝土 .采用科氏重交沥青 AH-70、玄武岩、矿粉 ,按配合比为 :m(集料 ,2 .3 6～ 4.75 mm )∶ m (集料 ,<2 .3 6mm )∶ m (矿粉 )∶ m (沥青 ) =12 0∶2 40∶ 14∶ 3 0制备沥青混凝土 ,同时掺入 0 %～ 2 0 %的石墨 (重量百分数 ) ,可获得电阻率为 10～10 3 Ω· m的导电沥青混凝土 .文中主要研究导电沥青混凝土的制备 ,探讨了石墨的物理化学性质、掺量以及沥青用量与沥青混凝土电学性能的关系 。

导电混凝土路面材料的性能分析及导电组分选择

综合国内外文献介绍了导电混凝土电热除冰雪的工作原理和制备导电混凝土的理论基础 ;分析了导电混凝土路面材料应满足的基本性能要求 ;在分析常用导电组分材料增强混凝土的性能后 。

黑龙江五大连池火山群地壳电性结构

对1997年在黑龙江五大莲池火山群观测的7条大地电磁测深剖面资料进行重新处理,对全部测点的实、虚感应矢量和视电阻率曲线等参数的分布特征进行了详细分析,应用NLCG二维反演方法对3条近东西向剖面数据进行了反演,获得的深部电性结构结果显示:五大莲池火山群中的笔架山-老黑山-火烧山火山链上的火山规模明显大于南、北格拉球火山链和东、西焦得布火山链,该带火山活动有从南西向北东推移的规律;以笔架山-老黑山-火烧山火山链为中心在地下约几百米深度到20km左右,存在一个北北东走向、上宽下窄、北宽南窄似铆钉的状体,该块体随着深度的增加其电阻率值从上千欧姆米逐渐减小到小于1欧姆米;在深度约20km以下铆钉的主体仍然显示有向深处延伸的趋势,推测一直穿过地壳与上地幔连接;在深度4～8km左右火烧山、老黑山和笔架山东、西两侧存在低阻块体;结合S波速度、小震活动以及地热研究结果分析,推测笔架山-老黑山-火烧山火山链在地壳内随着深度增大存在不同凝固程度的岩浆系统。