Integrated Automation of Power Plant Electrical System

Aiming at the comparatively laggard level of power plant electrical system automation, this paper analyzes the feasibility,necessity and some key points of the application of integrated automation technology to power plant electrical system. New idea using fieldbus control system technology is presented. This paper also gives the outline and detailed schemes.

The Application of Principle of Automatic Control in the site Management of Electric Power Construction Enterprise

It is need to establish site project department during the construction of electric power project.The head office should design and build the main structure,continually improve structure of project department,meantime,positively apply principle of automatic control to improve the site management of electric power construction.In this article,the application strategy of principle of automatic control is analyzed focusing on the site work of electric power construction.

Distributed Model Predictive Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Power System with DFIGs

Reliable load frequency control LFC is crucial to the operation and design of modern electric power systems. Considering the LFC problem of a four-Area interconnected power system with wind turbines, this paper presents a distributed model predictive control DMPC based on coordination scheme. The proposed algorithm solves a series of local optimization problems to minimize a performance objective for each control area. The generation rate constraints GRCs, load disturbance changes, and the wind speed constraints are considered. Furthermore, the DMPC algorithm may reduce the impact of the randomness and intermittence of wind turbine effectively. A performance comparison between the proposed controller with and without the participation of the wind turbines is carried out. Analysis and simulation results show possible improvements on closed-loop performance, and computational burden with the physical constraints. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control of Electric Power Enterprise Operation Management

This article examines the analysis,prevention,and control of risks in electric power enterprise operation management.It provides an in-depth exploration of risk factors,including market,policy,societal,personnel,technological,business,and other influences.Recognizing the potential threats these risks pose to the operation of electric power enterprises,the study conducts a preliminary investigation from four perspectives:major risks,large risks,general risks,and other risks.

Development of Energy Management System for Micro Grid Operation

The introduction of several small and large-scale industries,malls,shopping complexes,and domestic applications has significantly increased energy consumption.The aim of the work is to simulate a technically viable and economically optimum hybrid power system for residential buildings.The proposed micro-grid model includes four power generators:solar power,wind power,Electricity Board(EB)source,and a Diesel Generator(DG)set,with solar and wind power performing as major sources and the EB supply and DG set serving as backup sources.The core issue in direct current to alternate current conversion is harmonics distortion,a five-stage multilevel inverter is employed with the assistance of an intelligent control system is simulated and the optimum system configuration is estimated to reduce harmonics and improve the power quality.The monthly demand for residential buildings is 13-15 Megawatts.So,almost 433 Kilo-Watts(KW)of electricity is required every day,and if it is used for 8 h per day,50-60 KW of electricity is needed per hour.The overall micro-grid model’s operation and performance are established using MATLAB/SIMULINK software,and simulation results are provided.The simulation results show that the developed system is both cost-effective and environment friendly resulting in yearly cost reductions.

Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle

With the combination of engine and two electric machines, the power split device allows higher efficiency of the engine. The operation modes of a power split HEV are analyzed, and the system dynamic model is established for HEV forward simulation and controller design. Considering the fact that the operation modes of the HEV are event-driven and the system dynamics is continuous time-driven for each mode, the structure of the controller is built and described with the hybrid automaton control theory. In this control structure, the mode selection process is depicted by the finite state machine （FSM）. The multi-mode switch controller is designed to realize power distribution. Furthermore, the vehicle mode operations are optimized, and the nonlinear model predictive control （NMPC） strategy is applied by implementing dynamic programming （DP） in the finite pre- diction horizon. Comparative simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid control structure is effective and feasible for HEV energy management design. The NMPC optimal strategy is superior in improving fuel economy.

Online power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning and driving cycle reconstruction

This paper proposes a novel power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Three parallel soft actor-critic(SAC)networks are trained for high speed,medium speed,and low-speed conditions respectively;the reward function is designed as minimizing the cost of energy cost and battery aging.During operation,the driving condition is recognized at each moment for the algorithm invoking based on the learning vector quantization(LVQ)neural network.On top of that,a driving cycle reconstruction algorithm is proposed.The historical speed segments that were recorded during the operation are reconstructed into the three categories of high speed,medium speed,and low speed,based on which the algorithms are online updated.The SAC-based control strategy is evaluated based on the standard driving cycles and Shenyang practical data.The results indicate the presented method can obtain the effect close to dynamic programming and can be further improved by up to 6.38%after the online update for uncertain driving conditions.

含电动汽车和光伏的配电网演化动态博弈调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车的无序充电行为可能导致电网出现的三相不平衡问题,基于演化动态博弈模型,提出一种考虑三相负荷平衡和光伏消纳的电动汽车充电调度策略。首先,基于电动汽车接入时段的主观性以及光伏出力和负荷的不确定性,引入游牧集群和定居集群之间的演化动态博弈方程;然后,考虑用户侧和电网侧双方利益关系,设计以最小化电动汽车充电费用、三相负荷不平衡度和无功需求为目标的调度优化模型;最后,通过对某商业区配电网算例进行仿真求解,对比分析三相有功曲线、三相无功曲线以及荷电状态曲线的变化趋势。算例结果表明,该调度策略可有效降低三相不平衡度,满足无功补偿的需求以及改善用户充电成本。

关于电力建设工程项目安全风险管控的思考

基于相对安全理论,从全面能力与岗位能力、奖罚制度与流程管理、末端防控与前端治理、单要素管理与多要素协同等方面,对电力建设工程项目安全管理存在的问题进行分析,并提出了相应对策,为电力建设工程项目安全风险管控能力的提升和治理体系的完善提供思路。

基于需求功率预测的电动拖拉机能量管理策略

针对电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下电机需求电流波动比较大的特点,为了改善动力电池的输出电流过高或过低及电动拖拉机犁耕持续作业时间短的现象,利用超级电容高功率密度的特点,设计了一种锂电池+超级电容结构的双电源电动拖拉机,并建立了Amesim/Simulink联合仿真模型。以模型预测控制作为双电源系统的能量管理方法,基于长短期记忆神经网络建立电动拖拉机犁耕工况下的需求功率预测模型,使用动态规划算法求解最佳的锂电池输出电流。仿真结果表明:相比于模糊控制策略,基于模型预测控制策略有效降低了锂电池大电流放电的频率且峰值电流降低了40%,有效提高了锂电池的使用寿命;超级电容的SOC保持在比较高的范围内,且电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下的单位里程能量消耗降低了2.17%,实现了双电源电流分配最优,提高了电动拖拉机的动力性和经济性。

针对温控负载变化的虚拟电厂控制策略研究

温控负载是一种变化剧烈、波动频繁、高峰负荷比例较高的负载,对电网的安全产生了极大的影响。为了应对这一问题,系统的输出功率往往会超过90%负荷最大值的调峰限制。针对虚拟电厂(VPP)系统内的超限过程进行了研究,并提出了2种控制策略,以降低超限总电量或者利用超限电量的同时获取收益。在验证策略的控制效果时,选取了2种由温控负载引起的功率需求的典型变化。研究结果表明,温控负载引起的功率需求峰值的变化对策略具有重要影响。在安全模式下,超限比例与峰值的增加呈反比,而与平均功率的增加呈正比;在收益模式下,峰值变化会影响储能放电过程,平均功率变化则会影响储能充电过程。随着功率需求的增加,收益逐渐减小,收益范围为3.62万~3.25万元。

核电厂消防水管道的腐蚀与防护研究

针对核电厂消防水管道的腐蚀问题,系统地分析了核电厂消防水系统的组成、运行情况、水质特点等,综述了核电厂消防水管道常见的均匀腐蚀、腐蚀瘤、空泡腐蚀等问题,并阐述了消防水管道腐蚀造成的阀门卡涩、喷淋头堵塞等问题。此外,从消防水系统水质改善、管道材料替换、管道内壁吹扫、定期试验工艺优化等方面,介绍了消防水管道的防护方法,以期为核电厂消防水管道防腐蚀管理提供指导和借鉴。

电动汽车动力电池热管理系统设计

针对电动汽车各系统温度调控体系,设计一套电动汽车动力电池热管理系统,包含电机冷却回路、乘员舱热管理回路以及电池热管理回路。在计算系统热量、确定电池温度采用逻辑门限值控制、乘员舱温度采用模糊控制的基础上,利用Comsol和Simulink分别建立动力电池模型和乘员舱及控制系统模型,利用二者进行联合仿真。结果表明:基于标准城市路况条件及大连气候,模拟环境温度35℃下,系统运行3276s时,电池单体最高温度可由40.00℃降至29.05℃,且乘员舱温度维持在25℃左右;模拟环境温度-10℃下,系统运行3276s时,电池单体最低温度可由-10.00℃升至23.19℃,且乘员舱温度满足模糊控制器设定的控制需求。

基于改进DDPG的变速抽蓄机组参与系统调频研究

在挖掘双馈型抽水蓄能(DFIM-PSH)机组调频能力的基础上,提出一种基于改进深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法的系统频率控制方法。首先,基于所确定的DFIM-PSH机组在发电与抽水工况下的频率控制环节,构建考虑风电接入的含DFIMPSH单区域系统频率控制模型。其次,在考虑机组运行约束的基础上以最小化系统频率偏差及调频出力为目标,引入DDPG算法对各机组的AGC控制指令进行优化。通过在预学习中同时引入随机外部扰动与模型参数变化,提高AGC控制器在具有强不确定性环境中的适应性。最后,在仿真验证DFIM-PSH调频优势的基础上,在不同风电接入及扰动等多场景进行仿真分析,结果表明,所提频率控制方法能有效改善新型电力系统的频率特性且具有强鲁棒性。

市场环境下灵活性资源虚拟电厂聚合调控关键技术综述

灵活性资源技术快速发展、数量与日俱增,为提升电力系统灵活性和经济效益提供了巨大潜力。虚拟电厂通过对海量异构灵活性资源协调管理和聚合调控,为支撑海量异构分散式资源参与电力市场交易提供了有效手段。针对电力市场环境下虚拟电厂中多元海量异构灵活性资源的难以高效管控、不同运营主体之间存在效益冲突、能量和辅助服务之间具有耦合关系等问题,对电力市场环境下灵活性资源虚拟电厂全链路运营过程中面临的技术挑战、当前研究进展和未来攻关方向进行了分析和总结。从灵活性资源虚拟电厂的聚合建模、竞标报价、运行控制3方面展开分析,对相关主流技术方法的模型特征、关联关系和适用场景进行了系统性归纳,以此全面认识电力市场环境下灵活性资源虚拟电厂涉及的关键科学问题、核心理论方法和主流技术方案等,为灵活性资源虚拟电厂的未来研究方向和技术发展提供建议。

基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的柴电混合动力船舶能量管理策略

提升混合动力船舶的能源利用率,制定合适的能量管理策略以实现功率合理分配、减小船舶燃油消耗、节约成本,是混合动力船舶的亟需解决的关键技术问题。本文基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的动力系统仿真模型,研究不同功率需求下对柴油发电机和超级电容的控制要求。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,本文提出了一种基于庞特里亚金极小值的能量管理策略对目标船舶进行合理的功率分配。仿真结果表明:基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的能量管理策略能够优化船舶柴油机组原动机的工作状态,使其在比油耗较低的点工作。在该策略的控制下,航行工况内的柴油发电机组原动机平均比油耗为207.2 g/(kW·h),总燃油消耗量为204.1 kg。本文方法不仅对船舶减小燃油消耗具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶运行经济性具有重要意义。

电动拖拉机混合电源负载自适应能量管理策略研究

针对纯电动拖拉机工况随机性大、动态负荷变化频繁导致能量利用率低等问题,提出了基于负载自适应的蓄电池/超级电容混合电源的纯电动拖拉机动力电源供能系统。通过分析纯电动拖拉机的作业工况特点以及功率需求,采用动态规划分析方法找出动力系统最优控制模式,并且从动态规划分析结果中提出分段式控制规则,建立了功率划分参数模型与负载统计量之间的函数关系。在此基础上提出了一种基于负载自适应规则的电动拖拉机能量管理策略,并对平稳路况组合负载周期和非平稳路况随机负载周期模式进行了验证实验。实验结果表明,与普通控制规则的能量管理策略相比,本文所提出的电动拖拉机负载自适应能量管理策略具有更强的电池保护和节能能力,能实现负载自适应模式下的最优能量管理,其中在不同工况下电池安培小时吞吐量及电源系统总能量损失分别降低10.5%~15.7%和8.7%~15.1%,表明所提出的电动拖拉机负载自适应能量管理策略能够以较低的计算成本实时在线实现最优的能量管理。

面向新型电力负荷管理的混杂负荷集群协同管控

针对新型电力负荷管理中负荷协同控制问题,提出了面向新型电力负荷管理的混杂集群协同管控方法。以空调和电热水器混杂负荷集群为控制对象,分析了空调和电热水器负荷的物理和响应特性,分别建立了适用于空调和电热水器的聚合控制模型。基于空调和电热水器负荷的聚合响应特性,利用电热水器负荷和空调负荷响应特性上的优势和互补特性,构建了空调集群和电热水器集群的协同管控模型,控制大量负荷输出稳定响应。最后,设置不同的清洁能源发电场景,基于上述算法对清洁能源出力进行跟踪仿真,结果表明所提负荷集群协同算法在不同场景下的跟踪误差都控制在±0.04%之内,验证了该算法的有效性。

Wind power in modern power systems

In recent years,wind power is experiencing a rapid growth,and large-scale wind turbines/wind farms have been developed and connected to power systems.However,the traditional power system generation units are centralized located synchronous generators with different characteristics compared with wind turbines.This paper presents an overview of the issues about integrating largescale wind power plants into modern power systems.Firstly,grid codes are introduced.Then,the main technical problems and challenges are presented.Finally,some possible technical solutions are discussed.

数字化核电厂主控室软操作任务分析

核电厂数字化后,操纵员在计算机界面进行监视、评估与操纵,需要进行大量软操作。为全面了解数字化核电厂主控室软操作任务特征,基于操纵员任务类型以及NUREG/CR-6690,确定操纵员软操作类型。然后以某核电厂丧失给水事件复训为例,分析其反应堆操纵员(RO)和汽轮机操纵员(TO)的软操作特征。实例分析结果表明:TO软操作、界面管理任务和主任务次数大于RO;操纵员界面管理任务次数大于主任务次数;操纵员软操作工作负荷与任务有关,且不同工况下操纵员工作负荷存在差异;操纵员界面管理任务中,导航和查询/质问占比最大。