Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed...Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed heterojunctions,modulating the interfacial internal electric field(IEF)to steer dynamic charge transfer represents a promising approach.Herein,we realized the precise regulation of Fermi level(E_(F))of the oxidation semiconductor(mesoporous WO_(3-x))by tailoring the concentration of oxygen vacancies(V_(O)),maximizing the IEF intensity in Cs_(2)CuBr_(4)@WO_(3-x)(CCB@WO_(3-x))S-scheme heterojunction.The augmented IEF affords a robust driving force for directional electron delivery,leading to boosted charge separation.Hence,the developed CCB@WO_(3-x)S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance,with the electron consumption rate(Relectron)up to 390.34μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 3.28 folds higher than that of pure CCB.An in-depth analysis of the S-scheme electron transfer mode was presented via theoretical investigations,electron spin resonance(ESR),photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Finally,the CO_(2)photoconversion route was explored in detail using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and DFT theoretical calculations.展开更多
Due to interaction among cells, it is too complex to build an exactanalytical model for the power dissipation within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed toexternal fields. An approximate equivalence method is pro...Due to interaction among cells, it is too complex to build an exactanalytical model for the power dissipation within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed toexternal fields. An approximate equivalence method is proposed to resolve this problem. Based on theeffective medium theory, the transmembrane voltage on cells in suspensions was investigated by theequivalence principle. Then the electric field in the cell membrane was determined. Finally,analytical solutions for the power dissipation within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed toexternal fields were derived according to the Joule principle. The equations show that theconductive power dissipation is predominant within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed todirect current or lower frequencies, and dielectric power dissipation prevails at high frequenciesexceeding the relaxation frequency of the exposed membrane.展开更多
通过研究不同电老化过程中直流电场对油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性的影响,可为换流变压器在长期高场强运行下油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性提供试验依据。利用电声脉冲法研究了油纸绝缘在20 k V/mm的直流电场下老化1 000 h不同阶段下的空间电荷特性...通过研究不同电老化过程中直流电场对油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性的影响,可为换流变压器在长期高场强运行下油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性提供试验依据。利用电声脉冲法研究了油纸绝缘在20 k V/mm的直流电场下老化1 000 h不同阶段下的空间电荷特性,结果表明:在电老化的不同阶段,油纸绝缘在极化过程中的空间电荷特性主要表现为都出现了同极性电荷注入和积聚;随着老化程度的加深,油纸绝缘内部积聚电荷量越大,去极化电荷消散速率越慢,老化过程中陷阱密度和深度都在增大,促进空间电荷被陷阱捕获而积聚;整个电老化过程中,快速运动电荷量变化不大,而慢速运动电荷量逐渐增大主要是由于陷阱密度的增大,导致电荷迁移率下降;电老化过程中电荷的积聚导致极化过程中电场畸变明显,容易产生大电流而使击穿电压下降。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972213)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1460700).
文摘Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed heterojunctions,modulating the interfacial internal electric field(IEF)to steer dynamic charge transfer represents a promising approach.Herein,we realized the precise regulation of Fermi level(E_(F))of the oxidation semiconductor(mesoporous WO_(3-x))by tailoring the concentration of oxygen vacancies(V_(O)),maximizing the IEF intensity in Cs_(2)CuBr_(4)@WO_(3-x)(CCB@WO_(3-x))S-scheme heterojunction.The augmented IEF affords a robust driving force for directional electron delivery,leading to boosted charge separation.Hence,the developed CCB@WO_(3-x)S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance,with the electron consumption rate(Relectron)up to 390.34μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 3.28 folds higher than that of pure CCB.An in-depth analysis of the S-scheme electron transfer mode was presented via theoretical investigations,electron spin resonance(ESR),photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Finally,the CO_(2)photoconversion route was explored in detail using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and DFT theoretical calculations.
文摘Due to interaction among cells, it is too complex to build an exactanalytical model for the power dissipation within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed toexternal fields. An approximate equivalence method is proposed to resolve this problem. Based on theeffective medium theory, the transmembrane voltage on cells in suspensions was investigated by theequivalence principle. Then the electric field in the cell membrane was determined. Finally,analytical solutions for the power dissipation within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed toexternal fields were derived according to the Joule principle. The equations show that theconductive power dissipation is predominant within the cell membrane in suspensions exposed todirect current or lower frequencies, and dielectric power dissipation prevails at high frequenciesexceeding the relaxation frequency of the exposed membrane.
文摘通过研究不同电老化过程中直流电场对油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性的影响,可为换流变压器在长期高场强运行下油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性提供试验依据。利用电声脉冲法研究了油纸绝缘在20 k V/mm的直流电场下老化1 000 h不同阶段下的空间电荷特性,结果表明:在电老化的不同阶段,油纸绝缘在极化过程中的空间电荷特性主要表现为都出现了同极性电荷注入和积聚;随着老化程度的加深,油纸绝缘内部积聚电荷量越大,去极化电荷消散速率越慢,老化过程中陷阱密度和深度都在增大,促进空间电荷被陷阱捕获而积聚;整个电老化过程中,快速运动电荷量变化不大,而慢速运动电荷量逐渐增大主要是由于陷阱密度的增大,导致电荷迁移率下降;电老化过程中电荷的积聚导致极化过程中电场畸变明显,容易产生大电流而使击穿电压下降。
