Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a rea...Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.展开更多
Medium-duty/heavy-duty trucks(MD/HDTs)are yet to be included in India’s electric mobility plans.With the improvement of electric vehicle(EV)technologies,there is a growing interest in battery-electric trucks(BETs)fro...Medium-duty/heavy-duty trucks(MD/HDTs)are yet to be included in India’s electric mobility plans.With the improvement of electric vehicle(EV)technologies,there is a growing interest in battery-electric trucks(BETs)from original equipment manufacturers(OEMs).The time is opportune to consider electrification as a future direction for road freight in India.Accordingly,this article presents the results of an energy consumption simulation study of a BET under Indian conditions.This study specifically considered an MDBET over a domestic drive cycle.These energy consumption figures can facilitate future studies that analyze the technical and practical feasibility of BETs in the country.In addition,the article provides the requisite groundwork for BET modeling for a simulation study by reviewing available EV powertrain systems and components.Appropriate powertrain considerations are thereby obtained for a typical medium-duty/heavy-duty battery-electric truck(MD/HDBET)in the Indian context.展开更多
In our numerical simulation the hybrid mesh and the SST k-ω turbulence model are adopted to investigate the variations of the aerodynamic loads and the flow field of heavy-duty trucks while crossing a viaduct with 1....In our numerical simulation the hybrid mesh and the SST k-ω turbulence model are adopted to investigate the variations of the aerodynamic loads and the flow field of heavy-duty trucks while crossing a viaduct with 1.1 m high fences in a crosswind at a velocity of 20 m/s. The results show that, with the protection of a fence, the side force is weakened, and the rolling and yaw moments are strengthened while the truck is crossing the viaduct, which relatively reduces the roll-over safety and the driving stability of the truck. Meanwhile, the direction of the side force changes when the truck enters the viaduct, which makes the roll-over safety and the driving stability the lowest during the process.展开更多
Automated manual transmissions,which usually adopt synchronizers to complete the gear shift process,have many advantageous features.However,the torque interruption and the challenging control objectives during the gea...Automated manual transmissions,which usually adopt synchronizers to complete the gear shift process,have many advantageous features.However,the torque interruption and the challenging control objectives during the gear shift process limit its industrial application,especially for the power-on gear downshift.This paper proposes a model predic-tive control(MPC)method to control the clutch engagement process and effectively shorten the torque interruption,consequently enhancing the gear downshift quality.During the control law deduction,the proposed MPC also accounts for time-domain constraints explicitly.After the control law was deduced,it was validated through simulations under two typical power-on gear downshift working scenarios.Both of the simulation results demonstrate that the controller proposed in this paper can shorten the torque interruption time during power-on gear downshifts while minimizing vehicle jerk for overall satisfactory drivability.展开更多
基金Supported by International Technology Cooperation Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(Grant No.21160710600)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372393)Shanghai Pujiang Program of China(Grant No.21PJD075).
文摘Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.
文摘Medium-duty/heavy-duty trucks(MD/HDTs)are yet to be included in India’s electric mobility plans.With the improvement of electric vehicle(EV)technologies,there is a growing interest in battery-electric trucks(BETs)from original equipment manufacturers(OEMs).The time is opportune to consider electrification as a future direction for road freight in India.Accordingly,this article presents the results of an energy consumption simulation study of a BET under Indian conditions.This study specifically considered an MDBET over a domestic drive cycle.These energy consumption figures can facilitate future studies that analyze the technical and practical feasibility of BETs in the country.In addition,the article provides the requisite groundwork for BET modeling for a simulation study by reviewing available EV powertrain systems and components.Appropriate powertrain considerations are thereby obtained for a typical medium-duty/heavy-duty battery-electric truck(MD/HDBET)in the Indian context.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50805062)the Development Programs in Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Grant No20096005)
文摘In our numerical simulation the hybrid mesh and the SST k-ω turbulence model are adopted to investigate the variations of the aerodynamic loads and the flow field of heavy-duty trucks while crossing a viaduct with 1.1 m high fences in a crosswind at a velocity of 20 m/s. The results show that, with the protection of a fence, the side force is weakened, and the rolling and yaw moments are strengthened while the truck is crossing the viaduct, which relatively reduces the roll-over safety and the driving stability of the truck. Meanwhile, the direction of the side force changes when the truck enters the viaduct, which makes the roll-over safety and the driving stability the lowest during the process.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(61520106008)China Automobile Industry Innovation and Development Joint Fund(U1664257)Jilin Province Department of Education“Thirteen Five”scientific and technological research projects(JJKH20170379KJ).
文摘Automated manual transmissions,which usually adopt synchronizers to complete the gear shift process,have many advantageous features.However,the torque interruption and the challenging control objectives during the gear shift process limit its industrial application,especially for the power-on gear downshift.This paper proposes a model predic-tive control(MPC)method to control the clutch engagement process and effectively shorten the torque interruption,consequently enhancing the gear downshift quality.During the control law deduction,the proposed MPC also accounts for time-domain constraints explicitly.After the control law was deduced,it was validated through simulations under two typical power-on gear downshift working scenarios.Both of the simulation results demonstrate that the controller proposed in this paper can shorten the torque interruption time during power-on gear downshifts while minimizing vehicle jerk for overall satisfactory drivability.
