Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^(1/2)@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.

Ru effect on the catalytic performance of Pd@Ru/C catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation

Pd@Ru bimetallic nanoparticles deposited on carbon black electro-catalysts have been fabricated by microwave-assisted polyol reduction method and investigated for methanol electro-oxidation （MEO）. The structure and electro-catalytic properties of the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and cyclic voltammetry （CV） techniques. The results showed that the introduction of Ru element （2-10 wt%） into Pd 20 wt%/C （hereafter, denoted as Pd/C） produced a series of core-shell structured binary catalysts. Pd@Ru 5 wt%/C （hereafter, denoted as Pd@Rus/C） catalyst displayed the highest catalytic activity towards MEO. And the mass activity of Pd@Ru5/C electrode catalyst at E = -0.038 V （vs. Hg/HgO） was 1.42 times higher than that of Pd/C electrode catalyst. In addition, the relationship between the catalytic stability for MEO on Pd@Ru/C catalysts and the value of dbp/dfp （the ratio of MEO peak current density in the negative scan and positive scan） were also investigated. The result demonstrated that Pd@Rus/C offering the smallest value of Jbp/Jfp displayed the best stable catalytic performance.

Pseudo Derivative Feedback Control of Electro Hydraulic Speed Servos

The Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) algorithm is introduced into design of electro-hydraulic speed servos. With limited extra complexity in implementation of controller's electronic circuits, the PDF control enables the electro-hydraulic speed servo to respond to a step command without steady-state error, and also to follow successfully a sinusoidal command at the frequency higher than that the system resulted from traditional design can reach. The numerical example-based comparison in dynamic and static behavior shows also the PDF system is superior to the traditional system in terms of both the capability of handling loads applied to the system and the robustness to ignore variation and uncertainty of the parameters of the hydraulic valve-actuator unit in operation.

Degradation of Phenol by Hydroxyl Radicals on Different Coating Lead Dioxide Electrodes

Lead dioxide electrodes on Ti substrates were prepared by thermal-deposition or electro-deposition. The amount of hydroxyl radicals generated at the electrodes prepared by the above-mentioned two methods was compared with that at the electrodes mingled with Bi or La prepared by electro-deposition. The experimental results indicate that the highest concentration of hydroxyl radicals generated by thermal-deposition, electro-deposition mingled with nothing, electro-deposition mingled with Bi or La was 0.781, 1.048, 1.838 or 2.044 μmol/L, respectively. When phenol was electrolyzed on the four electrodes at a current density of 30 mA/cm2, the removal efficiency of phenol after electrolysis for 1.5 h was 87.30%, 93.55%, 97.95% or 98.70%, TOC removal efficiency after electrolysis for 5 h was 86.76%, 94.26%, 98.53% or 99.60%, respectively. Through the degradation experiments of phenol, the amount of hydroxyl radicals was responsible for the removal efficiency of phenol. The electro-catalytic characteristics were investigated by SEM, the generation amount of hydroxyl radicals, the degradation degree of phenol and the stability and conductivity of the electrodes were also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the four electrodes all show good electro-catalytic characteristics; the electro-catalytic characteristics of the electrode mingled with La were superior to those of the other three ones, and the electrochemical degradation of phenol followed one-step reaction dynamics.

Electro-viscoelastic behaviors of circular dielectric elastomer membrane actuator containing concentric rigid inclusion

The time-dependent electro-viscoelastic performance of a circular dielectric elastomer(DE) membrane actuator containing an inclusion is investigated in the context of the nonlinear theory for viscoelastic dielectrics. The membrane, a key part of the actuator, is centrally attached to a rigid inclusion of the radius a, and then connected to a fixed rigid ring of the radius b. When subject to a pressure and a voltage, the membrane inflates into an out-of-plane shape and undergoes an inhomogeneous large deformation. The governing equations for the large deformation are derived by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and viscoelasticity of the membrane is characterized by a rheological spring-dashpot model. In the simulation, effects of the pressure, the voltage, and design parameters on the electromechanical viscoelastic behaviors of the membrane are investigated. Evolutions of the considered variables and profiles of the deformed membrane are obtained numerically and illustrated graphically. The results show that electromechanical loadings and design parameters significantly influence the electro-viscoelastic behaviors of the membrane. The design parameters can be tailored to improve the performance of the membrane. The approach may provide guidelines in designing and optimizing such DE devices.

Coordinating optimization-based sliding mode variable structure control for electro-hydraulic servo system

A sliding mode variable structure control （SMVSC） based on a coordinating optimization algorithm has been developed. Steady state error and control switching frequency are used to constitute the system performance indexes in the coordinating optimization, while the tuning rate of boundary layer width （BLW） is employed as the optimization parameter. Based on the mathematical relationship between the BLW and steady-state error, an optimized BLW tuning rate is added to the nonlinear control term of SMVSC. Simulation experiment results applied to the positioning control of an electro-hydraulic servo system show the comprehensive superiority in dynamical and static state performance by using the proposed controller is better than that by using SMVSC without optimized BLW tuning rate. This succeeds in coordinately considering both chattering reduction and high-precision control realization in SMVSC.

汽车EPS伺服变幅加载系统PID建立DNN控制优化

为了进一步提高汽车电动助力转向电液伺服加载系统运动精度,设计了一种PID建立DNN控制系统。通过柔性联接的模式构建电液位置伺服系统,确保在瞬态平衡响应过程中快速完成控制。搭建了柔性电液位置伺服调控测试,并开展调控效果分析。研究结果表明:通过PID建立的DNN控制器在校正柔性联接电液位置伺服参数方面发挥了关键作用,整体响应时间大幅缩短,确保系统频段动态控制效果获得明显改善。采用DNN控制器调节柔性连接电液伺服系统时,能够有效增强系统低频负载位移精度,避免发生幅值衰减的问题,能够以更高精度跟踪柔性连接电液位置伺服参数,促进了系统跟踪性能获得明显改善。该研究对提高汽车运行稳定性以及节能具有很好的理论支撑作用。

罗氏cobas e801免疫分析仪检测血清抗缪勒管激素的性能验证

目的:对罗氏cobas e801免疫分析仪检测血清抗缪勒管激素(AMH)进行性能验证,评估其是否能够满足临床需求。方法:参照美国临床和实验室标准协会文件,对罗氏cobas e801免疫分析仪检测血清AMH的精密度、准确度、线性范围、携带污染率进行性能验证。结果:罗氏cobas e801免疫分析仪检测低值、高值AMH的批内精密度变异系数分别为4.8%、3.7%,批间精密度变异系数分别为3.5%、5.1%,符合厂家要求临床应用批内精密度、批间精密度<10%的标准。室间质评5个样品检测结果与靶值进行比对,相对偏倚分别为0.81%、-0.22%、0.85%、-2.73%、1.77%,符合厂家准确性相对偏倚的要求范围±10%。AMH的携带污染率为0.39%,符合厂家≤2.0%的要求。AMH的线性回归方程为Y=0.980 9X+0.658 8,斜率a为0.980 9,R2为0.996,结果符合厂家要求,a值1±0.05,R2值≥0.95。结论:罗氏cobas e801免疫分析仪检测AMH的精密度、准确度、携带污染率、线性范围均通过验证,检测结果准确可靠,可以满足临床的需求。

电沉积锌用铅基阳极服役后表面结构演变研究

针对由于析氧反应的过电位对阳极氧化膜的高度依赖性,极大地影响了能耗这一问题,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)对Pb基阳极(阳极含量:Pb-0.5%Ag-(0.02~0.03%)Ca-(0.01~0.02%)Sr-(0.01~0.02%)La)的表面形貌、元素分布和织构进行了表征分析,结果表明:服役后的阳极板表面出现了裂纹和大量空洞。同时还观察了阳极泥的形成可能会导致阳极表面的钝化,影响了其电化学性能。

电液伺服控制阀动态仿真与试验

电液伺服阀被广泛应用各种自动化装备中,这种复杂的机电控制系统集机、电、液、磁于一体,属于重要的随动跟踪控制元件,伺服控制除了有良好的静态性能外,其动力学特性决定了伺服系统工作精度.运用键合图理论建立电液伺服阀的键图模型;推导模型的状态空间方程和输出方程;运用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink进行了仿真,分析电液伺服阀系统动态特性.最后在搭建的实验验证平台上验证了系统的动态性能,并与仿真结果进行了比较分析.结果是该电液伺服阀的动态特性指标超调量40%、响应时间13ms、上升时间2ms左右.

液电混动履带底盘电液系统联合仿真与试验

针对传统以液压驱动或纯电驱动的履带式农机装备功耗大、系统响应慢、电池续航短、功率扭矩输出不足等问题,本文提出了一种高效液电混动履带式行走底盘,集成了液压驱动和电驱动两套独立动力系统,双液压马达及双伺服电机的四轮驱动结构,可实现整机大扭矩输出,利于整机轻量化设计;通过伺服电机速度及力闭环控制,适应匹配底盘外负载的变化,可显著改善闭式液压驱动系统的动态输出特性,提高整机动态控制性能并降低工作能耗。基于AMESim与Matlab建立了电液混动系统的联合仿真模型,对比分析整机在平地直线行驶、山地爬坡、原地转向等不同工况的行驶动态性能,试验结果表明所设计的液电混合驱动履带底盘最大行驶速度可达1.1 m/s,原地转弯时间最快为2.4 s,最小转弯直径为150 cm,可实现丘陵山地复杂地形转弯及调头;履带底盘直线行驶偏移率不大于3.3%;在相同工况下与液压驱动相比,液电混合动模式下整机能耗可减少9.3%,提高了整机工作效率。

基于石墨烯泡沫的电增强固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定鱼肉中3种磺胺类的残留

为提高鱼肉中磺胺类抗生素(sulfonamides,SAs)残留的富集效果,建立了基于氮掺杂三维石墨烯泡沫功能化整体柱(monolith@nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene foam,M@NGF)的电增强固相微萃取(electroenhanced solid phase microextraction,EE-SPME)方法,结合高效液相色谱技术,快速、灵敏地测定鱼肉中SAs残留。本研究采用原位聚合法,以离子液体为功能单体,NGF为导电增强剂,在不锈钢丝表面制备多孔M@NGF,建立EE-SPME方法,从鱼肉中萃取磺胺噻唑(sulfathiazole,ST)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(sulfamethazine,SM_(2))和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(sulfadimethoxypyrimidine,SMM)。对吸附时间、搅拌速度、吸附电压、离子强度、样品溶液p H值、解吸时间、解吸电压和解吸液组成进行了优化。结果表明,基于M@NGF的EE-SPME法对ST、SM_(2)和SMM的富集倍数分别为74、58和64,吸附平衡时间缩短至35 min。在5~5000μg/kg线性范围内,本方法对ST、SM_(2)和SMM的检出限分别为1.78、3.16μg/kg和1.84μg/kg,定量限均为5μg/kg,线性回归分析的决定系数(R^(2))均大于0.9990,加标回收率为79.2%~110.1%,相对标准偏差范围为1.4%~9.8%(n=5)。本方法解决了鱼肉中SAs残留萃取效率低、基质干扰严重的问题,实现了鱼肉中SAs残留的快速、灵敏检测。

面向转向制动工况的制动力动态分配策略

受轮胎侧偏、载荷横移等因素的影响,汽车在转向制动工况下的动力学行为比直线制动更复杂。深入探究该工况下改善汽车循迹能力的制动力分配策略,对于保障行车安全具有重要意义。对此,本文以电子机械制动为载体,进一步研究转向制动工况下的制动力分配策略。首先,以2自由度汽车动力学模型为参考,基于模型预测控制算法求解汽车保持稳定行驶时前和后轴车轮所需的最低侧向力。然后,通过在线求解附着椭圆得出可供各车轮制动的最大纵向力。在此基础上,以最大纵向力为依据进一步计算制动力分配系数,实现制动力优化分配。仿真和试验结果表明:所提出的制动力分配策略能够根据汽车行驶工况、载荷状态和路面附着条件动态调节制动力分配比例,提升了转向制动工况汽车的循迹能力。

基于直驶效率数据的机电复合传动系统性能退化评估

目的 基于直驶效率数据,实现机电复合传动系统的性能退化评估。方法 将机电复合传动系统全工况测试周期内的效率云图进行梯度和网格划分,得到各梯度内的网格点数。通过Pick定理,计算各梯度下不规则效率云图的面积,对各梯度效率云图面积求和,即可得到该测试周期内的机电复合传动系统性能退化评估指标。结果 计算了6个全工况测试周期的效率云图面积,结果显示,性能退化评估指标逐渐上升。通过效率云图对比发现,高效区间逐渐增大。从性能退化指标的发展趋势看,目前该传动系统正处于磨合期。结论 该方法能够有效评估机电复合传动系统的性能退化情况。

磁控溅射制备LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)薄膜工艺研究

目的探究了磁控溅射法制备符合化学计量比且循环性能良好的LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)薄膜工艺,有利于进一步提高全固态薄膜电池能量密度。方法从溅射功率、氩氧比、衬底温度中各选取3个水平组成L9(34)正交试验,在不锈钢衬底上沉积制备NCM811薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对薄膜进行表征。利用EDS和ICP对薄膜成分进行分析。利用蓝电测试系统对以NCM811为正极的电池进行循环曲线测试。结果根据极差分析结果发现,影响前50圈放电容量保持率的因素从大到小依次为:温度>功率>氩氧比。其中功率和温度对循环性能有很大的影响,极差R值分别为18.45和26.79;氩氧比对循环性能影响较小,极差R值为3.17。增大溅射功率、提高衬底加热温度、增加氩氧比中氩气的含量有利于制备出符合化学计量比的NCM811薄膜。随着溅射功率的提升,NCM811薄膜的结晶度增强,材料中Ni^(2+)/Li^(+)阳离子的混排程度降低;随着衬底温度升高,薄膜由非晶逐渐转化为晶态,表面由无序非晶形貌过渡到小三角片状晶粒,厚度变薄,且更加致密。薄膜的循环性能也随着功率和衬底温度的增加有着明显的提升。结论正交试验结果表明,薄膜制备的最优工艺条件为:溅射功率110 W,衬底温度650℃,Ar∶O_(2)=2∶1(体积流量比),验证试验表明NCM811薄膜中主元素原子数占比Ni∶Co∶Mn=79.9∶10.2∶9.9,接近理想原子数占比8∶1∶1,且前50圈放电容量保持率达到72.33%。

双向可逆的集中式电氢耦合系统容量优化配置

针对风光富集地区大型新能源发电厂的弃风弃光问题,利用可逆固体氧化物燃料电池(reversible solid oxide fuel cell,RSOC)结合氢储能的双向转换特性消纳多余风光资源,提出一种双向可逆的集中式RSOC电氢耦合系统容量优化配置方法。首先构建集中式RSOC电氢耦合系统架构,建立发电系统、电氢转换系统等模型;其次考虑燃料电池特性建立RSOC性能衰减模型,考虑特高压通道可用传输能力不确定性生成典型场景;进而建立集中式RSOC双层容量规划模型,上层以运营期收益最大为目标优化RSOC、储氢库容量配置,下层以综合成本最低为目标优化各设备出力,联合粒子群算法与Cplex求解器进行求解。最后通过算例分析,验证RSOC的加入提高了系统经济性及环境效益,同时投资灵敏度分析表明电池单位容量成本是制约系统经济运行的重要因素。

飞机襟翼阀控伺服作动系统动态性能分析

由于阀控伺服作动系统存在的非线性因素,传统的建模方法所建立的数学模型无法准确地反映系统实际情况。为提升液压系统的控制精度及动态响应性能,解决在实际系统试验中出现的动态特性超差问题,对可能引起的因素及关键参数进行研究,重点分析引起系统静态误差的主要因素,同时分析系统各关键元件的固有频率和阻尼比对系统动态性能的影响。利用Matlab/Simulink软件对系统进行非线性建模,理论推导计算及仿真结果分析表明,较高的系统各关键元件固有频率和阻尼比有利于提高系统动态性能。

PMIA纳米纤维膜制备及空气过滤性能

为开发高性能空气过滤纳米纤维材料,以间位芳纶为成纤高聚物,DMAc为溶剂、LiCl为促溶剂,制备间位芳纶(PMIA)纳米纤维膜。通过对其微观结构、孔径、过滤性能表征和测试,探究纺丝时间、纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压等对PMIA纳米纤维膜性能影响,并据此对静电纺工艺参数优选。结果表明:当纺丝时间为2.0 h、PMIA浓度为12%、纺丝电压为15 kV时,所得PMIA纳米纤维膜纤维分布均匀、平均孔径为2.43μm,PMIA纳米纤维膜对PM2.5过滤性能约87.5%,过滤阻力为13.3 Pa,在不同情况下保持良好过滤稳定性。

基于TimeGAN的电液伺服阀性能评估模型

电液伺服阀容易受到油液污染的影响,当污染颗粒通过节流口时会对阀口壁面产生冲蚀磨损,使得电液伺服阀阀口过流断面变大,内泄漏量增加。针对现有仿真手段难以准确衡量电液伺服阀的性能退化,而试验样本有限等问题,提出一种基于时间序列生成对抗网络算法的评估模型用于评估电液伺服阀性能。首先分析了电液伺服阀的失效机理,然后建立了时间序列生成对抗网络算法的框架,利用维纳过程分析并得到了电液伺服阀的性能评估模型,最后设计并完成了污染磨损试验,利用时间序列生成对抗网络算法对试验数据扩充,通过参数估计的结果对比发现,利用时间序列生成对抗网络算法对试验数据扩充可以有效提升电液伺服阀性能评估模型的准确度。

基于Levant微分器的磁浮球控制算法研究

针对永磁电磁混合悬浮系统控制中因信号突变和噪声干扰引起的控制效果不理想等问题,提出一种改进型Levant微分器和PID相结合的控制方法(improve Levant-PID,ILevant-PID)。融合PID控制适应性强和Levant微分器对输入噪声的鲁棒特性优势,解决系统输出抖振问题,利用模拟退火-粒子群优化解决ILevant-PID控制器参数多、关联性强等制约问题。仿真实验表明:与传统PID控制方法相比,ILevant-PID控制方法在阶跃输入下,启动更为平缓,调节时间减小了41.19%,超调量减小了40.36%。ILevant-PID控制器在阶跃输入时有无噪声条件下的稳态误差分别为±0.37 mm及±0.23 mm,相对于PID降低了87%以上。在跟踪方波输入时,ILevant-PID可实现PID无法对8 mm给定信号无超调跟踪,较好地改善PEMS(permanent magnet electro magnetic hybrid suspension)系统控制性能。