Deepening Collaboration China and Africa need to further align development strategies to realise the immense potential of economic cooperation

Humming factories,bustling ports,and shuttling merchants highlight the vibrancy of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation.Over the years,this partnership has grown significantly,optimising trade structures and fostering mutual development.This deepening collaboration is evident in China’s role as Africa’s largest bilateral trading partner for 15 consecutive years.During the first seven months of 2024,trade between China and African countries reached$167 billion,reflecting a 5.5-percent increase compared to the same period in 2023.According to the International Monetary Fund,approximately 20 percent of Africa’s exports now go to China,while 16 percent of its imports originate there.

Motivations and Impacts of Australia’s Deepening Relations with NATO

Following the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis,interactions between NATO and countries in the Asia-Pacific region have grown significantly.In particular,Australia’s relationship with NATO has been expanding and deepening with breakthroughs in many areas.As an important ally of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region,Australia has elevated its relationship with NATO to align with the US strategy of forming a NATO-style architecture in the Indo-Pacific and introducing NATO into Indo-Pacific affairs.The move will significantly impact regional security and China-Australia relations.Studying Australia’s relationship with NATO is important in understanding the country’s foreign policy rationale and comprehending the security situation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Connecting Through Cyberspace Xiamen forum puts spotlight on deepening China-Africa media cooperation through Internet

In an era of connectivity and digital innovation,the China-Africa relationship stands out as a stimulus for international cooperation in the field of the Internet and media cooperation.

Deepening National Security Reforms to Guarantee Consistent Advancement in Chinese Modernization

Persistent efforts are needed to fully implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee and advance the reform of China's national security work on the new journey that lies ahead.All of us in the Party should never forget our original aspiration.Since the advent of the new era,China has pushed forward and made remarkable achievements in reforming its national security work,undergoing a process of constant evolvement and continuous improvement.The third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee could be deemed the starting point of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era,opening a new epoch for reforming and innovating China's national security work.It identified modernizing China's system and capacity for governance as the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively and,most significantly,made a historic decision to establish the National Security Commission,having far-reaching impacts.General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed pursuing a holistic approach to national security,which provides us with fundamental guidance for further reform.The new version of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China fully covers China's national security system and will guide the improvement of its legal system for national security in the new era.The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for improving China's national security system in efforts to modernize the country's system and capacity for governance.The 20th CPC National Congress clarified the Party's central task on the new journey and made strategic plans for safeguarding Chinese modernization through modernizing the country's national security system and capacity.The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee carried forward the spirit of the above meetings,from the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the 20th CPC National Congress,reiterating the importance of further deepening reform comprehensively on the new journey,emphasizing national security as the foundation for advancing Chinese modernization,and setting out the road map and agenda for modernizing China's national security system and capacity in the next five years.Therefore,we must study and implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 2Oth CPC Central Committee.

Role of Horizontal Density Advection in Seasonal Deepening of the Mixed Layer in the Subtropical Southeast Pacific

The mechanisms behind the seasonal deepening of the mixed layer （ML） in the subtropical Southeast Pacific were investigated using the monthly Argo data from 2004 to 2012. The region with a deep ML （more than 175 m） was found in the region of （22°-30°S, 105°-90°W）, reaching its maximum depth （-200 m） near （27°-28°S, 100°W） in September. The relative importance of horizontal density advection in determining the maximum ML location is discussed qualitatively. Downward Ekman pumping is key to determining the eastern boundary of the deep ML region. In addition, zonal density advection by the subtropical countercurrent （STCC） in the subtropical Southwest Pacific determines its western boundary, by carrying lighter water to strengthen the stratification and form a ＂shallow tongue＂ of ML depth to block the westward extension of the deep ML in the STCC region. The temperature advection by the STCC is the main source for large heat loss from the subtropical Southwest Pacific. Finally, the combined effect of net surface heat flux and meridional density advection by the subtropical gyre determines the northern and southern boundaries of the deep ML region： the ocean heat loss at the surface gradually increases from 22~S to 35~S, while the meridional density advection by the subtropical gyre strengthens the strat- ification south of the maximum ML depth and weakens the stratification to the north. The freshwater flux contribution to deepening the ML during austral winter is limited. The results are useful for understanding the role of ocean dynamics in the ML formation in the subtropical Southeast Pacific.

Design and Analysis of Electro-mechanical Hybrid Anti-lock Braking System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Utilizing Motor Regenerative Braking

Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads, hybrid electric vehicle＇s motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system （ABS） fimction. When the ABS control is terminated, the motor regenerative braking is readmitted. Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking, a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed. Different from the traditional single control structure, this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure, The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system. The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment. The closed-loop simulation model is built. Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed. Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect, harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function, significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.

Analysis Method and Principle of Dual-mode Electro-mechanical Variable Transmission Program

Automotive industry,as an important pillar of the national economy,has been rapidly developing in recent years.But proplems such as energy comsumption and environmental pollution are posed at the same time.Electro-mechanical variable transmission system is considered one of avilable workarounds.It is brought forward a kind of design methods of dual-mode electro-mechanical variable transmission system rotational speed characteristics and dual-mode drive diagrams.With the motor operating behavior of running in four quadrants and the speed characteristics of the simple internal and external meshing single planetary gear train,four kinds of dual-mode electro-mechanical transmission system scheme are designed.And the velocity,torque and power characteristics of one of the programs are analyzed.The magnitude of the electric split-flow power is an important factor which influences the system performance,so in the parameters matching design,it needs to reduce the power needs under the first mode of the motor.The motor,output rotational speed range and the position of the mode switching point have relationships with the characteristics design of the planetary gear set.The analysis method is to provide a reference for hybrid vehicles＇ design.As the involved rotational speed and torque relationships are the natural contact of every part of transmission system,a theory basis of system program and performance analysis is provided.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Electro-Mechanical Response of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites （IPMC） is an emerging class of Electro-Active Polymer （EAP） materials. IPMC has attractive features, such as high sensitivity and light weight, which are useful for developing novel designs in the fields of bionic actuators, artificial muscles and dynamic sensors. A Finite Element （FE） model was developed for simulating the dynamic electro-mechanical response of an IPMC structure under an external voltage input. A lumped Resisto^Capacitor （RC） model was used to describe the voltage-to-current relationship of a Nation IPMC film for the computation of electric field intensity. Moreover, the viscoelastic property of the IPMC film was considered in the model and the non-uniform bending behavior was also taken into account. Based on the proposed model and the assumption that the thicknesses of the two electrodes are the same and uniform, the optimal coating thickness of the IPMC electrode was determined. It was demonstrated that the dynamic electro-mechanical response of the IPMC structure can be predicted by the proposed FE model, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental findings.

The role of capital deepening in China's energy transition

This paper provides a theoretical model to explain the causality between China's energy transition and capital deepening found by the empirical study.We prove that in the equilibrium,China's energy transition is endogenously determined by capital deepening due to the homogeneity of electricity and the monopolistic competition features of China's electricity market.Price effect,which is the effect of change in relative factor price,will affect energy transition only if the policy intervenes electricity price in terms of the primary sources from which it is generated.We propose that investment can promote energy transition by stimulating capital deepening which is biased to clean energy development.In this regard,our paper provides a new way of thinking for other developing countries to design an effective energy transition policy.

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUPLING ANALYSIS OF MEMS STRUCTURES BY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

In this paper,we present the applications of Boundary Element Method(BEM) to simulate the electro-mechanical coupling responses of Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems(MEMS). The algorithm is programmed in our research group based on BEM modeling for electrostatics and elastostatics.Good agreement is shown while the simulation results of the pull-in voltages are compared with the theoretical/experimental ones for some examples.

Analytical Modelling and Experiment of Novel Rotary Electro-Mechanical Converter with Negative Feedback Mechanism for 2D Valve

The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mechanical converter with negative feedback mechanism(REMC-NFM)in order to replace the feedback mechanism of spiral groove and thus reduce cost of valve manufacturing.In order to rapidly and quantitative evaluate the driving and feedback performance of the REMC-NFM,an analytical model taking leakage flux,edge effect and permeability nonlinearity into account is formulated based on the equivalent magnetic circuit approach.Then the model is properly simplified in order to obtain the optimal pitch angle.FEM simulation is used to study the influence of crucial parameters on the performance of REMC-NFM.A prototype of REMC-NFM is designed and machined,and an exclusive experimental platform is built.The torque-angle characteristics,torque-displacement characteristics,and magnetic flux density in the working air gap with different excitation currents are measured.The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical and FEM simulated results,which verifies the correctness of the analytical model.For torque-angle characteristics,the overall torque increases with both current and rotation angle,which reaches about 0.48 N·m with 1.5 A and 1.5°.While for torque-displacement characteristics,the overall torque increases with current yet decrease with armature displacement due to the negative feedback mechanism,which is about 0.16 N·m with 1.5 A and 0.8 mm.Besides,experimental results of conventional torque motor are compared with counterparts of REMC-NFM in order to validate the simplified model.The research indicates that the REMC-NFM can be potentially used as the electro-mechanical converter for 2D valves in civil servo areas.

Analysis of piezoelectric ceramic multilayer actuators based on an electro-mechanical coupled meshless method

This paper presents an efficient meshless method for analyzing cracked piezoelectric structures subjected to mechanical and electrical loading. In this method, an element free Galerkin （EFG） formulation, an enriched basic function and some special shape functions that contain discontinuous derivatives are employed. Based on the moving least squares （MLS） interpolation approach, the EFG method is one of the promising methods for dealing with problems involving progressive crack growth. Since the method is meshless and no element connectivity data are needed, the burdensome remeshing procedure required in the conventional finite element method （FEM） is avoided. The numerical results show that the proposed method can yield an accurate near-tip stress field in an infinite piezoelectric plate containing an interior hole. In another example studying a ceramic multilayer actuator, the proposed model was found to be accurate in the simulation of stress and electric field concentrations arround the abrupt end of an internal electrode.

Inclination Deepening of Paleogene Red Beds in the Qiangtang Terrane,the Hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In this research,one hundred and ten samples（ten sampling localities）were drilled by a portable petrol-driven drill in the Tongtianhe area along the highway where developes Yaxicuo Group,Oligocene. Complete demagnetization were finished in University of California,Santa Cruz（UCSC）.These remanence data were collected:Dg=334.2,Ig=52.3,α95=7.1,k=7.3（before structural correction）;Ds=27.2, Is=66.6,α95=7.3,k=7.0（after structural correction）.

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Based on Longitudinal Force Estimation for Electro-mechanical Braking Systems using BLDC Motor

This paper focuses on the controller design using fuzzy sliding mode control(FSMC)with application to electro-mechanical brake(EMB)systems using BLDC Motor.The EMB controller transmits the control signal to the motor driver to rotate the motor.The torque distribution of motors is studied in this paper actually.Firstly,the model of the EMB system is established.Then the state observer is developed to estimate the vehicle states including the vehicle velocity and longitudinal force.Due to the fact that the EMB system is nonlinear and uncertain,a FSMC strategy based on wheel slip ratio is proposed,where both the normal and emergency braking conditions are taken into account.The equivalent control law of sliding mode controller is designed on the basis of the variation of the front axle and rear axle load during the brake process,while the switching control law is adjusted by the fuzzy corrector.The simulation results illustrate that the FSMC strategy has the superior performance,better adaptability to various types of roads,and shorter braking distance,as compared to PID control and traditional sliding mode control technologies.Finally,the hardware-in-loop(HIL)experimental results have exemplified the validation of the developed methodology.

Tasks and Priorities for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of China’s State Sector of Economy

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.

Study of Piezoresistive Micro Electro-Mechanical Accelerometer Design Platform

According to the inland micro electro-mechanical system （MEMS） process technique level, a design platform of piezoresistive micro electro-mechanical accelerometer is given. This platform is much more adaptable to the inland designer compared with the current MEMS CAD software. The design flow is presented in detail, and the key techique in the platform is analyzed amply. The structure design methodology is exemplified in the design of a piezoresistive accelerometer, and the accelerometer is the optimized structure for the given performance requirements. The accelerometer is now being manufactured.

Electro-mechanical coupling properties of band gaps in an with periodically attached “spring-mass” resonators

The model of a locally resonant (LR) epoxy/PZT-4 phononic crystal (PC)nanobeam with “spring-mass” resonators periodically attached to epoxy is proposed. The corresponding band structures are calculated by coupling Euler beam theory, nonlocal piezoelectricity theory and plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Three complete band gaps with the widest total width less than 10GHz can be formed in the proposed nanobeam by comprehensively comparing the band structures of three kinds of LR PC nanobeams with resonators attached or not. Furthermore, influencing rules of the coupling fields between electricity and mechanics,“spring-mass” resonator, nonlocal effect and different geometric parameters on the first three band gaps are discussed and summarized. All the investigations are expected to be applied to realize the active control of vibration in the region of ultrahigh frequency.

Deepening China-Africa Cooperation, Benefiting People’s Health

CHINA and Africa have been a commu- nity of shared interests and shared destiny Their collaboration benefits not only the development of China and Africa but also promotes the unity and cooperation of developing countries. Health cooperation is a powerful testimony to the friendship between Chinese and African people. Based on win-win cooperation and aiming at the well-being of the people, China and Africa have attained fruitful results through health cooperation over the last five decades.

China-Arab States Keep Deepening Science & Technology Cooperation

In recent years,the deepening of scientific and technological exchanges between China and Arab States has further raised the level of China-Arab cooperation and injected new vitality into the development,social progress and people’s well-being of both sides and countries along the Belt and Road.

Deepening Bilateral Cooperation Between Jilin and Thailand——Exclusive Interview with Wantana Tatan,Minister Counsellor(Investment Promotion),Royal Thai Embassy and Director of BOI’s Beijing Office

During Chinese President Xi Jinping’s last visit to Thailand,both sides an-nounced that they would build a more stable,prosperous and sustainable community,which is a milestone in leading and promoting the development of China-Thailand relations.The Northeast Asia Expo opened on August 23 in Jilin Province,Want-ana Tatan,Minister Counsellor(In-vestment Promotion),Royal Thai Em-bassy and Director of BOI’s Beijing Office,said that this expo provides a good platform for deepening bilateral cooperation.