Electroplating titanium film on 316L stainless steel in LiCl–KCl–Ti^x+(2

To improve the anti-corrosion properties of 316 L stainless steel,titanium(Ti)metal films were electroplated on it using Li Cl–KCl molten salts as the electrolyte,and low-valence Tix+(2<x<3)as the solute.The solute was produced by the reaction of Ti4+and Ti0 via mixing K2TiF6,and Ti metal(sponge Ti)in the melts.Anti-corrosion test has shown significant enhancement in the stability of the Ti-coated 316 L due to the presence of Ti film.However,the anti-corrosion properties did not enhance with an increase in the thickness of the Ti layers owing to a possible defect in the thicker Ti layers.

Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

In this article,a grinding force model,which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force,was established.Three key factors have been taken into accounts in this model,such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials,the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing,and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips formation.The model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive wheel.Grinding force values of prediction and experiment were in good consistency.The errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8%and 13.6%,respectively.The contributions of sliding force,plowing force and chip formation force were also analyzed.In addition,the tangential forces of sliding,plowing and chip formation are 14%,19%and 11%of the normal forces on average,respectively.The pro-posed grinding forcemodel is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency,but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects(e.g.abrasive wheel wear,grinding heat,residual stress).